Master the GMAT and GRE in Egypt

Master the GMAT and GRE in Egypt

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ู…ุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† which ูˆ thatุŸ

ู„ู†ูู‡ู… ู…ุชู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู… which ุฃูˆ that ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ (defining relative clauses) ูˆุฌู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ (non-defining relative clauses):

ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ: ุชุถูŠู ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ( add essential information )

ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ: ุชุถูŠู ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ( add extra information)

ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… that ู…ุน ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุถูŠู ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ

ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… which ู…ุน ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุถูŠู ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ

ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ:

He gave me the letter that was in a red envelope.

He gave me the letter, which was in a red envelope.

ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑู ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุงุช ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจ ุฐูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ. essential information

ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุธุฑู ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณูˆู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจ. extra information

The bananas that I bought on Monday are rotten.

The bananas, which I bought on Monday, are rotten.

ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„:

ู…ูˆุฒ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุชู… ุดุฑุงุคู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†

ู…ูˆุฒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุชู… ุดุฑุงุคู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุงุก ู…ุซู„ุงู‹

ูู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ูˆุฒ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ู‚ุฏ ุชุนูู† ูˆู…ูˆุฒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู… ูŠุชุนูู†

This means that the phrase โ€œthat I bought on Mondayโ€ is essential information (a
defining clause), because it tells us which group of bananas we are talking about.

ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุฅู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฒ ุชู… ุดุฑุงุฆู‡ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุนูู† ูƒู„ู‡

In this case, โ€œwhich I bought on Mondayโ€ is extra information (a
non-defining clause).

ู„ุงุญุธ: ูŠุชู… ูˆุถุน comma ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุจุงุฏุฆุฉ ุจ which

20/10/2022

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05/09/2022

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04/09/2022

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18/07/2022

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