Mr.Magdy El-Menyawe An English teacher

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Prepared & Written
By.
Mr. Magdy El-Menyaweee
2023
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♦Punctuation-Marks-in-English
1.(Full Stop)♦
تُستخدم النقطة لغرضين اثنين فقط:
@ تُستخدم النقطة في نهاية الجمل كاملة المعنى بكل أنواعها باستثناء الجملة الاستفهامية وفي حاله التعجب من شيء .
(Question & Exclamatory Sentence).
Example :
Mary is my best friend .
This is the oldest building in the city .
We can’t understand what you are saying.
@نستخدم النقطه ايضا في الاختصارات مثل:
Mr. , Mrs. ,Dr. (M.A. )(Master of Arts)
Co. (company). Ltd. (limited).
U.S.A (United States of America)
e.g. (Example)
I met Dr. Michael .
He has worked in C.A for 20 years.
He is studying an M.A in literature.
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2. (Question Mark) (?) ♦
Example:
Are you a doctor ?
How many sisters do you have ?
How much is it ?
Who is your favourite teacher ?
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3.(Exclamation mark) (!) ♦
تُستخدم علامة التعجب بعد الجمل التي تعبر عن التعجب أو عن مشاعر قوية:
What a surprise! I didn’t know they were getting married.
What a butiful girl!
That birthday cake was so good!
That’s such a gorgeous ring!
You are such a liar !
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4.(Comma) (,) ♦
استخدامات الفاصلة.
1.تُستخدم الفاصلة لعرض وتعداد قائمة من الأشياء.
She bought a skirt, a shirt, socks, and a hat.
We had chicken, salad, and chips for breakfast.
2.تُستخدم الفاصلة مع الجمل الشرطية.
If I were you, I would call him.
If you study hard, you will succeed.
If I had known how difficult it is to find a new job, I wouldn’t have left my old one.
3.تُستخدم الفاصلة بعد أدوات الربط مثل
(However- Moreover- for example- therefore) etc .
This is one possible solution to the problem.However, there are others.
Ahmed bought a new car. It was a good one; moreover, the price was cheap and quite reasonable.
I like many sports. For example, tennis and football.
4.تُستخدم لتحديد العبارات الوصلية التي تقدم معلومات إضافية لا يؤثر حذفها على الجملة.
لكن لا تستخدم إذا كان حذف هذه العبارة يؤثر على الجملة.
Her friend, whose name is Rana, is very friendly.
My sister, who lives in Egypt , is a vet.

5.تُستخدم الفاصلة لتحديد الجمل أو العبارات التي يجب الوقف عليها عند قراءتها.
He explained everything to them, but they didn’t understand.

6.تُستخدم الفاصلة لتحديد الكلمات المستخدمة في مخاطبة الأشخاص.
Mona, would you please help me do the laundry ?
Sir, have a seat, please .
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5.(Semi-Colon) ( ; ) ♦ فاصله منقوطة
1.تُستخدم الفاصلة المنقوطة عند وجود جملتين منفصلتين تمامًا، لكنهما مرتبطتين بشكل قوي في الفكرة والمعنى، وعادة ما تكون الجملة الثانية مفسرة للأولى أو مكملة لها.
I love ice cream; it is my favorite food.
Dessert is the best meal of the day ; it’s definitely my favorite.
2.تُستخدم الفاصلة المنقوطة قبل بعض كلمات الربط مثل :
(however – thus – but – therefore – moreover) etc.
Example :
Sometimes I have frozen yogurt; however, it’s not as good as ice cream.
They were out of vanilla; thus, I was forced to choose another flavor .

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6.(Colon) ( : ) ♦
تُستخدم النقطتان.
Here's what I want: butter, sugar, eggs, cheese and flour.
Magdy offered to buy her: ring, a new dress,a pair of shoes and a bottle of perfume.
تُستخدم النقطتان لفصل جملتين.
He got what he worked for: a promotion that paid a higher wage.
تُستخدم النقطتان قبل جملة القول في الكلام المباشر.
She said:“Where is your mother”?
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علامة التنصيص:
7. (Quotation Marks) ( " ) ♦
تُستخدم علامة التنصيص لاقتباس الكلام المباشر.
She said: “What are you doing"?
The teacher asked:“Have you done your homework”?

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8. (Dash) (-) ♦
تُستخدم الشرطة لوصل كلمتين وتشكيل كلمة ذات معنى جديد.
She is my mother–in–law.
للدلالة على التصحيح أو على فكرة.
I saw Ramy-you know, Sarah’s brother– and asked him for help.
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9. (Capital letter) ♦
في بداية الجملة
Canada is bigger than the U.S.A.
مع أسماء العلم، ومنها أسماء الأشخاص والمدن والأيام والأشهر والأعياد والدول، لكن لا تستخدم مع أسماء الفصول.
مثل.
(Sarah - John- Oxford- Italy- Saturday- January-etc …)
الصفات المشتقة من أسماء العلم، مثل
(British- Italian- French- etc …..)
الكلمات الرئيسية في العناوين، باستثناء الأدوات وأحرف العطف والجر، مثل
(The Pride and the Prejudice- Elizabeth the Second- Alexander the Great…..).
الألقاب المختصرة، مثل:
(Mr. – Dr. – Mrs. ….).
ضمير المتكلم (I)، حتى لو كان في منتصف الكلام.

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♦
Prepared & Written
By.
Mr. Magdy El-Menyaweee
2023
♦
♦American vs. British English:
Punctuation :
The following are a few of the most prevalent differences.

Quotation marks: ♦
American English places periods and commas inside double quotation marks.
But, British English places them outside single quotation marks.

Examples:
(U.S.) “We have no time for an extended debate or a decision by committee,” Jack said.
(U.K.) ‘We have no time for an extended debate or a decision by committee’, Jack said.
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For questions and exclamations, both U.S. and U.K. punctuation follow logic.

Examples:
(U.S.) “Do we have time for an extended debate or a decision by committee?” Rana asked.

(U.K.) ‘Do we have time for an extended debate or a decision by committee?’ Rana asked.

(U.S.) Do you agree with the statement, “All’s fair in love and war”?

(U.K.) Do you agree with the statement, ‘All’s fair in love and war’?
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Time:
American English includes a colon (:) for time.
British English applies a full stop(.) for time .

Examples:
(U.S.) They will arrive at 3:00 p.m.
(U.K.) They will arrive at 3.00 p.m.
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American and British English:
More Verb Variet
In American vs.
British English
Grammar.
We touched on how American and British English use a singular or a plural verb for collective nouns.
The dialects can also differ in other ways concerning verbs:

Simple Past vs Present Perfect.
When describing a recent action, American English often uses the simple past tense.

But, British English will more likely use the present perfect.
Example
(U.S.) I just swam the English Channel.
(U.K.) I’ve just swum the English Channel.

Get. In the U.S., we still use gotten as the past participle of get.

In Commonwealth English, gotten is mostly obsolete, and the preferred usage is got.
Example
(U.S.) Has Ernesto gotten his homework back from the dog yet?
(U.K.) Has Ernesto got his homework back from the dog yet?
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Important :
British English and American sound noticeably different.
The most obvious difference is the way the letter( r ) is pronounced.
Note :
In British English, when( r ) comes after a vowel in the same syllable
(as in car, hard, or market),
the( r ) is not pronounced.
In American English the( r )is pronounced.ينطق الحرف في امريكا

♦
Prepared & Written
By.
Mr. Magdy El-Menyaweee
Assist : Mis
Mary Habib

2023
♦

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