In Ancient Egypt

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Senet

is one of the oldest known board games. It has been found in predynastic and First Dynasty burials of Egypt c. 3500 BC and 3100 BC respectively. Senet is also featured in a painting from the tomb of Merknera (3300–2700 BC) Another painting of this ancient game is from the Third Dynasty tomb of Hesy (c. 2686–2613 BC). It is also depicted in a painting in the tomb of Rashepes (c. 2500 BC)

By the time of the New Kingdom in Egypt (1550–1077 BC), it had become a kind of talisman for the journey of the dead Because of the element of luck in the game and the Egyptian belief in determinism, it was believed that a successful player was under the protection of the major gods of the national pantheon: Ra, Thoth, and sometimes Osiris Consequently, Senet boards were often placed in the grave alongside other useful objects for the dangerous journey through the afterlife, and the game is referred to in Chapter XVII of the Book of the Dead.

The Senet game board is a grid of 30 squares, arranged in three rows of ten. A Senet board has two sets of pawns (at least five of each and, in some sets, more, as well as shorter games with fewer). The actual rules of the game are a topic of some debate, although historians have made educated guesses.
Senet historians Timothy Kendall and R. C. Bell have each proposed their own sets of rules to play the game These rules have been adopted by different companies which make Senet sets for sale today

Archaeological discoveries have continued in Egypt since the first days of the new year 2024. A few days ago, the Japanese mission succeeded in discovering a cemetery in the Saqqara region, and today, Monday, the Spanish archaeological mission from the University of Barcelona succeeded in uncovering a number of tombs dating back to the Ptolemaic and Roman eras, and a number of mummies from that era. Roman, during its excavations in the archaeological area of ​​Al-Bahnasa in Minya Governorate.

#الأزهر خلال العصر المملوكي (648 - 923هـ/ 1250 - 1517م)
في عام 665هـ/ 1226م أعاد السلطان المملوكي البحري بيبرس البندقداري صلاة الجمعة إلى الجامع الأزهر، ومن ثَّم توالت يد الإصلاح خلال هذا العصر حيث اهتم به سلاطين المماليك فعاد إليه نشاطه العلمي وفقًا للمذاهب السنية الأربعة (الشافعي- المالكي- الحنفي- الحنبلي) إلى جانب العلوم المختلفة، فأصبح بمثابة جامعة إسلامية كبرى يقصدها العلماء وطلبة العلم من كافة نواحي العالم الإسلامي.
وخلال العصر المملوكي ألحقت بالجامع الأزهر ثلاث مدارس هي: (الطيبرسية، الأقبغاوية، الجوهرية)، كما تميز هذا العصر بنشأة المساكن المجانية للطلبة المغتربين من داخل مصر أو من الوافدين من خارجها (مثل: المدينة الجامعية في عصرنا الحالي) وقد عرفت بالأروقة، وقد عُرف كل رواق باسم من يقيمون به، مثل:
1- رواق الهنود: والذي خصص للطلبة الوافدين من الهند.
2- رواق الأتراك: والذي خصص لأبناء الجنس التركي.
3- رواق الحنفية: والذي خصص لطلاب المذهب الحنفي.
4- رواق البحاروة: والذي خصص للطلبة الوافدين من إقليم البحيرة.
5- رواق الصعايدة: والذي خصص للطلبة الوافدين من أقاليم صعيد مصر.
6- رواق (زاوية) العميان: والذي خصص للطلبة المكفوفين.