04/01/2017
Choosing the Right Aperture to Tell a Visual Story:
Shallow depth of field? Deep Depth of Field? What APERTURE should I choose? How does choosing an Aperture help drive a narrative?
If you are like me with shooting you have a (strong) tendency to want to shoot shallow. Images with tack sharp eyes, with depth of field getting soft by the ears and then a completely washy background are an easy and GREAT go-to on a portrait.
This kind of makes us a one trick pony though and in terms of "telling a story" what story does this tell? ...well it tells a good visual story .... of one kind.
I like to try and keep in my conscious mind, when I am shooting a portrait, that I am a story teller. Wardrobe, body language are obvious parts of telling a story, I like to use my camera's APERTURE setting choice to support this narrative too!
In choosing my aperture, I decide, often before shooting, what kind of "look" I am after. Would a super-shallow depth of field support the story I am trying to tell? Do the textures in the image help tell us something about the story? If they do, do I want more texture with sharp edges? ...or soft texture with rounded edges? These choices show up in the way an image feels and they are an important part of your communication!
Here's a couple of images that help illustrate how depth of field can help drive your image's narrative in different ways:
Picture 1: Thought Leader Robin Sharma
We were in Toronto and had a few minutes to shoot a sunset series atop the Riztz Carlton downtown. Some people see the dirty windows and say:"...ah too bad they hadn't cleaned the windows." ....I see it differently....
I see Robin as a leader that has developed a strong ability to see through the things that so many don't see past. His strength is to see past what is right in front of him AND beyond and communicate what he sees. For me, these windows are perfect for that narrative. I could have shoot with a much deeper depth of field and the "noise" of the windows would have blended into the city scape and only added texture to the sky. By shallowing up my depth of field, and making the city blurry, it emphasizes the dirty windows. This was my choice; it tells the story about how he sees past what is right in front of him to see the beauty afar. ...we both love sunsets. This image was shot at f 2 with a 50mm Zeiss 1.4
Picture 2: Obviously the background is VERY close to my subject in this image. ...if I shot really shallow, I could have softened up the background a smidge, but not much; what one would notice more is that the jacket and his hair wouldn't have been so tack sharp. I could have focused on that close eye - it's such an intense look and body language. For me, the story here is supported by the textures he is wearing: sharp, detailed, very fine attention to detail. The attention to detail of his look IS a huge part of the story, so even though the shot is shallow as far as distance from the subject to the background, I still chose a small aperture. This image was shot at f11 on a Sony/Zeiss 24-70mm 2.8
Picture 3: The roller derby team. For lens choice on this shot, I went with a wide lens. A wider lens sends the background further away and makes a room look bigger - (more on this on a lens choice tutorial), when shooting wide, choice of aperture makes very little difference to depth of field. Wide lenses shoot with a deep depth of field even fairly wide open. The choice on this shot was to get as much contrast and sharpness as I could in the shot. I want everyone in tack sharp focus across the frame and I want lots of contrast to pull them off the background. The sweet spot for sharpness and aperture on a Canon 17-35mm 2.8 zoom is around f8. Contrast and sharpness support this story - in this case it was an optical choice to optimize the image.
Picture 4: This is a portrait of my best-friend, my life partner and fiancee, Sarah Gilks. For me Sarah's smile and joy are the story here. Her eyes are in focus and so is her smile. In fact, her eyes are tack sharp in this image, the rest is VERY soft. The Sony A7RII is AWESOME for SUPER shallow shots like this. It has weaknesses at other shots, but for this kind of image, there isn't a better camera out there at the moment.
I even shot the photo through chandelier crystals to soften things further! The softness of her hair, her vest, help tell me about her personality, her heart. This happy image was shot at f1.6 with a Sony/Zeiss 85mm 1.4.
Picture 5: This is a portrait of my good friend, Singer/Songwriter/Publisher/Producer, Steven McClintock. I wanted to pull him off the background, but I didn't want a really super-shallow depth of field as I wanted Steven ALL in focus to go along with the body language. I didn't want to make him too soft - that wouldn't support this image. The happy place for balance on this was f4 on a Canon 85mm 1.2 lens.
I hope this helps in considering Aperture choice for supporting your story. I choose Aperture ahead of shooting with my workflow WAMSI. I have a great easy online course on it - you can find it up by the "watch video" button on the top right.
If you got something from this tutorial, let me know! And please pass it along to other photography enthusiasts that you feel may learn. I am hear to help!
Cheers,
Alec