12/08/2026
๐ INTAMBARA YA MBERE YA KONGO (1996โ1997): UKO YATANGUYE, UKO YAGENZE N'ICO YASIZE
๐ Intambara ya mbere ya Kongo, izwi kandi nk'Intambara yo Kwibohora, yabaye hagati y'umwaka wa 1996 na 1997. Ni yo yahinduye amateka ya Zaรฏre, kuko yarangiye Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko akuwe ku butegetsi yari amaze imyaka irenga 30 ariho.
๐ค Abarwanyi bo mu Alliance des Forces Dรฉmocratiques pour la Libรฉration du Zaรฏre (AFDL), bayobowe na Laurent-Dรฉsirรฉ Kabila, bafashijwe cane n'u Rwanda na Uganda, ni bo batsinze iyo ntambara. Inyuma y'intsinzi yabo, igihugu caciye gihindura izina, kiva kuri Zaรฏre kiba Rรฉpublique Dรฉmocratique du Congo (RDC).
๐๏ธ Mobutu yari yafashe ubutegetsi mu 1965, ashigikiwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu gihe c'Intambara y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga (Cold War). Ariko mu myaka ya 1990, isi yatanguye guhinduka. Ibihugu vya Afrika vyatanguye gusaba demokarasi, maze ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu butangura gutakaza ababushigikiye.
โ๏ธ N'aho yari yemeye ivugururwa rya politike mu 1991, benshi babona ko ritashizwe mu ngiro nk'uko ryari ryasezeranywe. Ivyo vyatumye abatavuga rumwe na Leta barushiriza kwiyongera.
โ Muri abo barwanya Mobutu harimwo Laurent-Dรฉsirรฉ Kabila, yiyita uwukurikiye umurage wa Patrice Lumumba. Yashoboye kwegeranya imitwe itandukanye y'abarwanyi kugira bahangane n'ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu.
๐ท๐ผ Mu 1994, inyuma ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni zibiri, ahanini Abahutu, bahungiye muri Zaรฏre bakambika hafi y'Urwanda. Muri bo harimwo n'abahoze ari abasirikare hamwe n'abarwanyi b'Interahamwe, bashaka gusubira gutera u Rwanda.
๐ฅ Ivyo vyatumye umutekano mu buseruko bwa Zaรฏre urushiriza kuzamba. Abanyamulenge na bo batanguye guhura n'ibitero n'iterabwoba, mu gihe u Rwanda rwavuga ko ayo makambi y'impunzi zahun z'Urwanda yari abangamiye umutekano warwo.
โ๏ธ Mu kwezi kwa Gitugutu 1996, intambara yaratanguye ku mugaragaro. Hashinzwe , Laurent-Dรฉsirรฉ Kabila aba umuvugizi wayo. Mu misi mike gusa, abarwanyi bafashe Uvira na Bukavu, batanguza urugendo rurerure rugana i Kinshasa.
๐ถโโ๏ธ Mobutu ntiyabonye hakirikare ko Kabila yari ikibazo gikomeye. Yari kandi arwaye kanseri ya prostate, ivyo bikaba vyatuma bimugora gukurikirana neza ibikorwa vya gisirikare. N'aho yagerageje gukoresha abasirikare b'abacangero n'abagaba b'inararibonye, AFDL yarabandanyije itsinda.
๐ฃ๏ธ Ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu bwari bumaze gucika intege. Amabarabara yari yaratitutse, indege zabuze igitoro, abasirikare benshi badahembwa, mu gihe AFDL yari ifise inguvu nshasha n'abarwanyi benshi bari bafise ishaka ryo guhindura igihugu.
๐ Mu 1997, AFDL yafashe Kisangani, Mbuji-Mayi na Lubumbashi, ibisagara vyari bifise ubutunzi bwinshi bw'amadiyama, umuringa n'ayandi mabuye y'agaciro. Ivyo vyatumye abarwanyi baronka uburyo bwo kubandanya urugamba.
๐ Mu mpera z'intambara, Angola na yo yarungitse ingabo zayo gufasha . Mu nyuma y'urugamba rwa nyuma i Kenge, abarwanyi barash*tse i Kinshasa.
๐ Ku wa 17 Rusama 1997, AFDL yinjiye i Kinshasa ata rugamba rukomeye rubaye. Bukeye bwaho, Mobutu arahunga, hanyuma ku wa 20 Rusama 1997, Laurent-Dรฉsirรฉ Kabila afata ubutegetsi ku mugaragaro, ahindura izina ry'igihugu rica riba Rรฉpublique Dรฉmocratique du Congo.
๐๏ธ Ariko intambara ntiyasize amahoro gusa. Mu rugendo rwo gufata ubutegetsi, habaye ivyagirizo vy'ubwicanyi n'ihohoterwa ryakorewe impunzi z'Abahutu n'abandi basivile. Raporo zitandukanye z'Ishirahamwe Mpuzamakungu(ONU) hamwe n'amashirahamwe aharanira agateka ka zina muntu zarasavye ko ayo mabi akorerwa amatohoza yimbitse.
๐ N'aho Intambara ya Mbere ya Kongo yarangiye mu 1997, ntiyaciye izana amahoro arama. Kutumvikana hagati ya Laurent-Dรฉsirรฉ Kabila n'abahoze ari abafatanyabikorwa biwe cane cane igihugu c'Urwanda cari kiyobowe na ,kuko ubwicanyi bwose bwari bwakozwe muri RDC bwagirijwe Urwanda, hamwe n'ibibazo vy'umutekano mu buseruko bwa Kongo, vyaciye bituma mu 1998 haduka Intambara ya , yabaye imwe mu ntambara zikomeye kandi zahitanye abantu benshi kuruta izindi muri Afrika yo muri iki gihe.
๐ฌ Ni ibihe vyigwa dukwiye gukura muri aya mateka kugira amahoro, ubutungane n'ubwiyunge birangwe mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari? Dusangize iciyumviro cawe mu bitekerezo.
๐Mwipfuza kumenya ido n'ido kuntambara ya mbere,ya kabiri,ya gatatu n'iya kane zabaye mugihugu kibanyi ca RDC,kurikira FM 96,6 MHz, Samedi 12h-16h avec Prof Samuel Ntahiraja ร la prรฉsentation.