Fern Hill Learning English

Participle আসলে Verb-এর একধরনের non-finite form, যা Adjective এর মতো কাজ করে। এটি মূলত Noun/Pronoun-কে বর্ণনা বা বিশেষণ করে।

✅ Participle-এর প্রকারভেদ :-

1. Present Participle (V + ing)
✔A crying baby needs milk.
✔He is running fast.

2. Past Participle (V³ form)
✔A broken chair is useless.
✔The letter was written by him.

3. Perfect Participle (Having + V³)
✔Having finished his homework, he went to play.
✔Having seen the movie, I can say it was excellent.

👉 সহজভাবে মনে রাখবেন:

Present Participle = Verb + ing → Adjective/continuous
Past Participle = Verb³ → Adjective/passive
Perfect Participle = Having + V³ → কাজ আগে সম্পন্ন হয়েছে

Gerund হলো Verb + ing রূপ, যা বাক্যে Noun হিসেবে কাজ করে।

অর্থাৎ, দেখতে Verb-এর মতো হলেও আসলে Noun-এর কাজ করে।

Gerund মূলত ৫ ভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়:

Example :

➤Gerund as subject :-
✅Swimming is good for health.

➤Gerund as object :-
✅I enjoy reading.

➤Gerund as Compliment :-
✅Her hobby is dancing.

➤Gerund as Object of a Preposition :-
✅She is fond of dancing.

➤Gerund as Appositive :-
✅My favorite activity, swimming, keeps me healthy.

গঠন: Verb + ing → playing, eating, writing ইত্যাদি।

সুতরাং, Gerund বসতে পারে—

1. Subject হিসেবে
2. Object হিসেবে
3. Complement হিসেবে
4. Preposition-এর Object হিসেবে
5. Appositive হিসেবে

Some Common Verb

Action Verbs (describe actions)

Run: To move quickly on foot.

Walk: To move at a regular pace by lifting and setting down each foot in turn.

Jump: To push oneself off the ground using the legs.

Eat: To consume food.

Sleep: To rest by lying down and becoming unconscious for a period of time.

Read: To look at and understand written words.

Write: To form letters or words on a surface.

Speak: To say words aloud.

Sing: To make musical sounds with the voice.

Dance: To move rhythmically to music, often with a set pattern of steps.

State-of-being Verbs (describe a state or condition)

Be: To exist or live; forms include am, is, are, was, and were.

Seem: To give the impression of being something.

Appear: To come into view or seem to be a certain way.

Feel: To experience an emotion or physical sensation.

Look: To direct one's gaze in a particular direction or appear in a certain way.

Sound: To produce a sound or appear to be a certain way when heard.

Taste: To perceive flavor through the sense of taste.

Become: To start to be something or change into something.

Auxiliary Verbs (help form different tenses, moods, or voices)

Have: To possess or experience something; also used to form perfect tenses (have, has, had).

Do: To perform an action or task; also used in questions and negative statements (do, does, did).

Will: Used to indicate future actions or willingness.

Shall: Used to express the future tense, often more formal than "will."

Can: To be able to do something.

May: To be allowed to do something.

Might: Indicates a smaller possibility than "may."

Must: Indicates necessity or strong obligation.

Modal Verbs (express possibility, necessity, or ability)

Can: To be able to do something.

Could: The past tense of "can"; indicates possibility or ability in the past.

Will: Indicates future actions or willingness.

Would: The past tense of "will"; used for polite requests or hypothetical situations.

Shall: Expresses future action, often formal.

Should: Indicates obligation, advice, or expectation.

May: To express possibility or permission.

Might: Indicates a weaker possibility than "may."

Must: Indicates necessity or strong obligation.

Phrasal Verbs (combinations of verbs with prepositions or adverbs)

Look after: To take care of someone or something.

Give up: To stop trying or quit doing something.

Turn on: To activate or start something (e.g., a device).

Turn off: To deactivate or stop something.

Pick up: To collect or lift something from a surface.

Set up: To arrange or prepare something.

Get up: To rise from bed or a seated position.

Take off: To leave the ground (as in an airplane) or remove something.

Some Common Adverb

Adverbs of Manner (how something happens)

These describe the way in which something is done.

Quickly: At a fast speed.

Slowly: At a slow speed.

Easily: Without difficulty.

Happily: In a joyful or contented manner.

Well: In a good or effective manner.

Loudly: In a loud or strong voice.

Quietly: In a silent or soft manner.

Smoothly: Without problems or interruptions.

Adverbs of Time (when something happens)

These tell when something happens.

Now: At the present moment.

Then: At that time.

Soon: In the near future.

Yesterday: On the day before today.

Today: On the present day.

Tomorrow: On the day after today.

Later: After a while.

Recently: A short time ago.

Adverbs of Place (where something happens)

These tell where something happens.

Here: In this place.

There: In or at that place.

Everywhere: In all places.

Nearby: Close to the location.

Inside: Within an area or space.

Outside: In an open space, not inside.

Upstairs: On a higher floor.

Downstairs: On a lower floor.

Adverbs of Frequency (how often something happens)

These describe how often something occurs.

Always: At all times; constantly.

Never: At no time; not ever.

Often: Frequently, many times.

Sometimes: Occasionally; not always.

Usually: In most cases; typically.

Rarely: Not often; infrequently.

Occasionally: From time to time.

Frequently: Happening often.

Adverbs of Degree (to what extent something happens)

These describe the intensity or extent of an action.

Very: To a great extent.

Too: To a greater extent than desirable.

Quite: To some degree or extent.

Almost: Nearly, but not quite.

Completely: Totally, in every way.

Enough: Sufficiently, to an adequate degree.

Extremely: To a very high degree.

Barely: Only just; scarcely.

Some common adjectives

Appearance and Physical Attributes

Beautiful (সুন্দর) - Attractive, pleasing to look at

Elegant (অলংকারপূর্ণ) - Graceful and stylish

Shiny (ঝকঝকে) - Reflecting light, glossy

Colorful (রঙিন) - Full of colors, bright

Ugly (কুৎসিত) - Unpleasant to look at

Tall (লম্বা) - Having great height

Short (খাটো) - Having little height

Tiny (ছোট্ট) - Very small

Gigantic (বিশাল) - Extremely large or big

Quantity and Size

Few (কিছু) - A small number

Many (অনেক) - A large number

Several (কয়েকটি) - More than two, but not many

Massive (বৃহৎ) - Very large, heavy, or solid

Huge (বিশাল) - Very big

Small (ছোট) - Little in size

Narrow (সংকীর্ণ) - Not wide, limited in width

Broad (প্রশস্ত) - Wide, extensive

Color

Red (লাল) - A primary color, like blood or roses

Blue (নীল) - A primary color, like the sky or ocean

Green (সবুজ) - A color between blue and yellow, like grass

Golden (স্বর্ণালী) - The color of gold, bright yellow

Silver (রূপালী) - The color of silver, shiny gray

Purple (বেগুনি) - A color between blue and red

Mood or Emotions

Happy (খুশি) - Feeling joy or pleasure

Sad (দুঃখিত) - Feeling sorrow or unhappiness

Joyful (আনন্দিত) - Full of joy and happiness

Angry (রাগান্বিত) - Feeling or showing anger

Calm (শান্ত) - Peaceful, relaxed, not agitated

Excited (উত্তেজিত) - Eager, enthusiastic, or thrilled

Personality Traits

Brave (সাহসী) - Showing courage

Kind (দয়ালু) - Generous, helpful, friendly

Honest (সৎ) - Truthful, sincere

Friendly (বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ) - Warm, kind, easy to make friends with

Curious (কৌতূহলী) - Eager to know or learn something

Stubborn (একগুঁয়ে) - Unwilling to change one's mind or behavior

Condition

Clean (পরিষ্কার) - Free from dirt, neat

Dirty (নোংরা) - Unclean, messy

New (নতুন) - Recently made or obtained

Old (পুরানো) - Made or used a long time ago

Broken (ভাঙা) - Damaged, not in working condition

Fresh (তাজা) - Recently made or picked, not stale

Time

Early (আগে) - Before the expected time

Late (বিলম্বে) - After the expected time

Modern (আধুনিক) - Relating to the present time, recent

Ancient (প্রাচীন) - Very old, from a long time ago

Recent (সম্প্রতি) - Not long ago

Taste or Smell

Sweet (মিষ্টি) - Pleasantly sugary taste

Bitter (তিক্ত) - Sharp, often unpleasant taste

Sour (টক) - Acidic taste, often tangy

Spicy (ঝাল) - Hot, seasoned with spices

Fragrant (সুগন্ধযুক্ত) - Having a pleasant smell

Sound

Loud (জোরে) - High volume

Quiet (নিঃশব্দ) - Low or no sound

Melodious (সুরেলা) - Pleasant-sounding, musical

Harsh (রূঢ়) - Unpleasant, rough sound

Mina's mother has gone __ school to see her.

(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) no article

He went to ___ hospital as a patient.

(a) a
(b) an
(c) the
(d) no article

1. Beautiful -------possessing qualities or
characteristics that are pleasing to
the eye or mind.
2. Intelligent ----having the mental capacity to
understand complex ideas and
learn quickly.
3. Happy ----------feeling or expressing joy and
contentment in one's life.
4. Mysterious --difficult or impossible to
understand, explain or solve.
5. Brave ---------- showing courage and willingness
to face danger or difficulty.

She lives __ Mirpur Road in Dhaka.
(1) in
(2) on
(1) at
(4) to