17/09/2026
★★★ Narration ( উক্তি)
★★ বক্তা যা বলে তাই Narration। Narration হলো ২( দুই) প্রকার:
১. Direct Narration( প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি)
২. Indirect Narration ( পরোক্ষ উক্তি)
* ১ম অংশকে -> Reporting verb বলে।
* ২য় অংশ কে -> Reported speech বলে।
★★ Inverted Comma এর ভেতরের পরিবর্তন ।
১. 1st Person: I থাকলে sub অনুসরণ করে she/he বসবে।
২. 2nd Person: you থাকলে obj অনুসরণ করে।
৩. 3rd Person: Third person থাকলে তাই বসবে কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।
Example:
Hamima said, "I am ill".
-> Hamima said that she was ill.
Example:
He said to me, "You are ill".
-> He told me that I was ill.
Example:
Saddam said to Manik, "Saddam dance well".
-> Saddam told Manik that Saddam dance well.
★★★ Tense অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন (২য় অংশ / Reported Speech):
Rule-01:
১ম অংশ -> Present / Future Tense হলে, Verb এর পরিবর্তন হয় না। Person এর পরিবর্তন হয়।
Example:
He says, "I have finished my work."
-> He says that he has finished his work.
Rule-02:
চিরন্তন সত্য, ঐতিহাসিক সত্য, অভ্যাসগত সত্য বোঝালে Verb এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
Example:
He said, "Honesty is the best policy".
-> He said that honesty is the best policy.
Rule-03:
Present Indefinite -> Past Indefinite
Example:
He said, "I read a poetry".
-> He said that he read a poetry.
Rule-04:
Present Continuous -> Past Continuous
Example:
She said, "She is working."
-> She said that she was working.
Rule-05:
Present Perfect -> Past Perfect
Example:
She said, "She has done her duty."
-> She said that she had done her duty.
Rule-06:
Present Perfect Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous
Example:
John said, "He has been reading a book."
-> John said that he had been reading a book.
Rule-07:
Past Indefinite -> Past Perfect
Example:
He said, "I wrote a letter."
-> He said that he had written a letter.
Rule-08:
Past Continuous -> Past Perfect Continuous
Example:
Sumaya said, "I was eating rice."
-> Sumaya said that she had been eating rice.
Rule-09:
Past Perfect + Past Perfect Continuous থাকলে কোনো Change হবে না।
Example:
She said, "I had written a letter."
-> She said that she had written a letter.
Rule-10:
Future Tense হলে -> পরের অংশে would/could/should/might বসে।
Example:
He said to me, "I will go home tomorrow."
-> He told me that he would go home the next day.
★★★ Inverted Comma এর ভেতরের Adverb এর পরিবর্তন:
This -> That
These -> Those
Here -> There
Ago -> Before
Come -> Go
Thus -> So
Hither -> Thither
Hence -> Thence
That -> That
Today -> That day
Tomorrow -> The next day / The following day
Last month -> The previous month
Last night -> The previous night
Tonight -> That night
Yesterday -> The previous day
Next week -> The following week
Now -> Then
★★ Reporting Verb বা ১ম অংশের পরিবর্তন:
১. Say / tell -> tell (present হলে)
২. Said / told -> Said এরপর obj না থাকলে -> Said; Said এরপর obj থাকলে -> Told
৩. Say -> ask (Interrogative + present)
৪. Says -> asks (Interrogative)
৫. Said -> asked (Interrogative + past)
৬. Said to -> asked (Interrogative + past)
৭. Said -> Ordered (আদেশ + Imperative)
৮. Said -> Commanded (সৈনিক + Imperative)
৯. Said -> Forbade (নিষেধ)
১০. Said -> Advised (উপদেশ)
১১. Said -> Requested (অনুরোধ)
১২. Said -> Told (এগুলোর কোনো কিছুই না বোঝালে)
১৩. Said -> prayed (প্রার্থনা বোঝাতে)
১৪. Said -> Wished (ইচ্ছা) + for বসে (obj থাকলে)
১৫. Said / Told -> Exclaimed with joy / sorrow (আনন্দ / দুঃখ বোঝালে)
১৬. Said / Told -> Exclaimed with wonder (বিস্ময় / আশ্চর্য)
★★ Assertive Sentence এর পরিবর্তনঃ-
Rule-01:
Say -> Said বসে
Tell -> Told বসে (সাথে object থাকলে)
Inverted comma -> উঠে That বসবে
Example:
John said, "I am writing a letter."
-> John said that he was writing a letter.
Rule-02:
Remark, hope, believe, comment, declare, affirm থাকলে—
Ex:
Tom said, "I hope I may pass in the exam."
-> Tom hoped that he might pass in the exam.
★★ Interrogative Sentence এর পরিবর্তন:
Rule-01:
* Say / Said এর পরিবর্তে -> ask, wonder বসে।
* Reported Speech এ -> Do, does, did, shall, will, am, is, are, was, were, may এর পূর্বে If / whether বসে।
Ex:
Hasan said to Rasel, "Do you know the man?"
-> Hasan asked Rasel if he knew the man.
Rule-02:
Who, Whom, Whose, What, How, Where, When, Why থাকলে মাঝখানে -> ঐগুলোই বসে।
Example:
He said to me, "What are you doing?"
-> He asked to me what I was doing.
Rule-03:
একই বাক্যে পরপর ২ বার প্রশ্ন থাকলে—
Example:
She said to me, "Who are you and what do you want?"
-> She asked me who I was and what I wanted.
★★ Imperative Sentence:
Rule-01:
* অনুরোধ -> Requested বসে
* আদেশ -> Ordered বসে
* উপদেশ -> Advised বসে
* অন্যথায় -> Tell / Told বসে
Rule-02:
Let দ্বারা proposal বা suggestion বোঝালে,
Let -> Should বসবে।
Examination: My friend said to me, "Let us go for a walk."
-> My friend proposed me that we should go for a walk.
Rule-03:
Let দ্বারা proposal বা suggestion না বোঝালে,
Let + sub + v + obj -> Sub + might + verb + obj
Examination: He said, "Let him discuss the issue."
-> He said that he might discuss the issue.
Rule-04:
Sir থাকলে -> respectfully / with respect বসে
Example: The girl said to the teacher, "Sir, lend me your book please."
-> The girl requested the teacher respectfully (with respect) to lend her (g) his (t) book.
★★★ Optative Sentence:
Rule-01:
Wished / Prayed বসে,
-> Sub + might + বাকি অংশ
Ex: He said to me, "May Allah bless you."
-> He prayed that Allah might bless me.
★★★ Exclamatory Sentence:
Rule-01:
* Hurrah / Alas থাকলে -> Exclaim with joy/sorrow
* How থাকলে -> very বসে
* What থাকলে -> A very বসে
Rule-04
Sir থাকলে → respectfully / with respect বসে।
Example:
The girl said to the teacher, "Sir lend me your book, please."
→ The girl requested the teacher respectfully (with respect) to lend her his book.
Optative Sentence
Rule-01
Wished / Prayed বসে।
→ Sub + might + বাকি অংশ।
Ex: He said to me, "May Allah bless you."
→ He prayed that Allah might bless me.
Exclamatory Sentence
Rule-01
Hurrah / Alas / শাবাস থাকলে → Exclaimed with joy / sorrow.
How থাকলে → very বসে।
What থাকলে → A very বসে।
Extra নিয়ম
পরের অংশে Good Morning থাকলে → ১ম অংশে wished
পরের অংশে Good-Night → ১ম অংশ → bade
শুরুতে, By Allah / By God → Swearing Allah / God বসে
শুরুতে, Yes থাকলে → Replied in the Affirmative and Said that (না বোধক হলে negative বসবে)
Ok থাকলে → agree with বসে
Sub/Obj না থাকলে → The Speaker said to the person spoken to that বসে।
Thank you → Sub + thanked + obj
২য় অংশে ব্যক্তি বা প্রাণীর নাম থাকলে → শেষে বসে।
২য় অংশে Hi, Hellow থাকলে → ১ম অংশে greeted বসে।
Thanks by.
Md Nur Nabi Alom Sir
