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21/06/2022

Behn has given a vivid picture of the horrors of slavery and the harsh treatment of the European colonists towards the natives. The names of the slaves were changed by the plantation owners. They were separated from their families and friends. The conditions denied them any possibility of seeing them again. They were forced to do menial jobs and live in the poorest of conditions. There was the least possibility of having any hope of freedom. If they tried to escape they were caught and beaten up mercilessly and if any one of them tried this attempt to escape twice he was put to death. So the slaves or the captured natives were frightened and did not try such an attempt to escape Behn has boldly given an account of an anti-colonial, abolitionist tract. As soon as the slaves arrived, they were given new names and in this way, their personal identification was blotted out Oroonoko was given the name Caesar and Immoinda had also a changed name. On their arrival in Surinam, Oroonoko was alienated from all that was familiar. By a stroke of luck, he found the overseer Trefry who treated him like his brother. He became a true friend of Oroonoko. Clemens ( Imoinda ) also had the same fate

21/06/2022

Veil
The Royal Veil is a piece of cloth sent by the king to a woman of his choice to make her one of his concubines. It is the highest of honors, which no girl is allowed to refuse. The girl to whom it is sent either has to accept it or face death. In Oroonoko, Behn expresses the tyranny of the politico-socio-economic custom through the Royal Veil. In reality, the Royal Veil demonstrates a variety of negative meanings. It deprives the women of their personalities and dignity. It compels them to lead a new life of concubinage. It takes away the woman's value at home and in society and makes her a physical object to be used for entertaining and gratifying the king's desires. It represents tyranny, repression, and the dictatorship of the king. It also means the king's complete possession of the woman who accepts it. It is an extremely powerful means of enslaving a woman. It is the symbol of the old African society that Aphra Behn satirizes. Though the Royal Veil is supposed to cover and hide quite a good part of a woman's face, its undeclared objective is to reveal that woman's whole body afterward to the king.

19/06/2022

crisis over the capture of Chryseis Achilles ' quarrel with Agamemnon Or
, and The conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon In the First Book of Homer's Iliad we find that a conflict arose between Achilles and Agamemnon. The cause of the quarrel was a girl named Chryseis. That girl was the daughter of Chryses, a priest of Apollo. She was given to Agamemnon as a war prize after her native land had been raided by the Greeks. One day Chryseis ' father, a priest of Apollo went to meet Agamemnon with many rich gifts. He hoped that those gifts could induce the Greek commander-in-chief to release his daughter. But Agamemnon rudely sent back the priest without his daughter. While returning to his native land, Chryses prayed to Apollo to unleash his arrows upon the Greeks and consequently the plague raged over the Achaeans for nine days . On the tenth day Achilles asked Calchas , a sooth sayer , about the cause of the plague. Calchas revealed that Agamemnon's refusal to release Chryseis had brought this destruction upon the Greek camp. Then Agamemnon was requested to return Chryseis to her father. He agreed to do so but demanded a new prize. He threatened to take a girl named Briseis from Achilles. Naturally. Achilles felt dishonored and almost drew his sword to slay Agamemnon. But Athena bade him control his wrath. Then Achilles declared his intention of withdrawing from the fighting. Soon, Agamemnon sent Chryseis back to her father under the care of Odysseus and sent two heralds to bring Briseis from Achilles ' camp . Achilles did not offer any resistance but he abstained from going to the battlefield . His absence weakened the Achaeans and gave temporary advantage to the Trojans .

# Task - MasterA Task - Master is one who imposes tasks or duties upon his slaves. In Milton's sonnet " On His Having A...
07/06/2022

# Task - Master
A Task - Master is one who imposes tasks or duties upon his slaves. In Milton's sonnet " On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty Three " God is the Task - Master who makes men work hard. He always watches over all His creatures in the Universe and is just and merciful. The idea may be illustrated from a biblical parable. Once the owner of a vineyard employed three groups of workers in his garden, one group in the morning, the second group at noon, and the third group in the afternoon. At the end of the day, he called all the laborers near Him and paid all equally. When the first group of laborers told that they deserved more than the two other groups, the Master replied that he judged on the basis of intention, not action and that everybody had good intention to work hard. In the poem, Milton as a true Christian holds his strong faith in God. his great Task Master '. He believes that whether his mental maturity is more or less. whether it comes sooner or later, it shall be strictly in proportion to that lot which God has fixed for him. God never shuts His all-seeing eye to a man's work. He always keeps watch over all his creatures. Therefore, Milton believes that God would never forget him. Surely he will write great poetry, but only when God wills it and only according to His plan and will. The will of God will lead him to that destiny which He has fixed for him, only if he has the grace to make the best use of his time and talents.

01/04/2021

Number - 2

♦ Conceit

Conceit এর শাব্দিক অর্থ অহমিকক,দাম্ভিকতা, ধারণা ইত্যাদি। পারিভাষিক দিক থেকে এর সংজ্ঞা হচ্ছে, দুটি ভিন্ন,অসদৃশ (dissimilar) বস্তুর তুলনা বা উপমা।
এই তুলনা হতে পারে startling (চমকপ্রদ), farfetched (কষ্টকল্পিত), fanciful (কল্পনাপ্রসূত) অথবা highly intellectual...

→দুটি ভিন্ন জিনিস,বস্তুর তুলনা কিভাবে করা হয়? কবিরা করে দেখিয়েছেন। রিমেম্বার কবিরা!.. অন্যদের জানিনা,কিন্তু এই যে conceit তার উদাহরণ কবিতার মধ্যে পাওয়া যায়।

♠একজন মানুষের সাথে চাঁদ, সূর্য,তারা,নদী ইত্যাদি ইত্যাদির সাথে তুলনা করার নাম conceit কেননা মানুষের সাথে চাঁদ বা সূর্য একই না। কিন্তু তাদের মধ্যে উপমা দেওয়ায় হল কবিদের কাজ।

♦Conceit ২ ধরণের হয়।
1. Petrarchan Conceit
2. Metaphysical Conceit

1. Petrarchan Conceit
→petrarchan conceit হল ইতালিয়ান প্রেমের কবিতা থেকে নেওয়া। যেখানে কবিতার সাবজেক্ট কে গোলাপ, সূর্য, অবস্থা, অথবা অন্য কোনো বস্তুর সাথে তুলনা করা হয়।
তক্ব কে শ্বেতস্ফটিক, দাতঁকে মুক্তা ইত্যাদির সাথে উপমা!..
Petrarchan conceit ব্যবহার হত Elizabethan প্রেমের কবিতা এবং সনেটে।
→সনেটের মধ্যে উল্লেখযোগ্য William Shakespeare এর "My Mistress" সনেটটি।
যেখানে কবি তার প্রেয়সীর চোখ কে সূর্যের সাথে উপমা দিয়েছেন, তার লাল ঠোটঁ কে প্রবালের সাথে।

2. Metaphysical Conceit
→metaphysical conceit হল metaphysical poetry এর একটি সাধারণ বৈশিষ্ট্য। একই ভাবে এটির তুলনা ও চমকপ্রদ, কল্পনাপ্রসূত ও হয়।

seventeenth,eighteenth, nineteenth এ এই metaphysical conceit ব্যবহার হয়। জন ডান ও তার কবিতার মধ্যে এই metaphysical conceit ইউজ করেন।

♣তার "A valediction :forbidding morning " কবিতায় তিনি তার প্রেয়সী আর নিজেকে কম্পাস এর সাথে তুলনা করেছেন.. in the poem he says:
→তিনি কোন এক জায়গায় ছিলেন,আর তার প্রেয়সী ছিলেন ঘরে। তাই তিনি বললেন, কম্পাসের এক কাটা যেভাবে এক জায়গায় স্থির থাকে ঠিক তেমনি তার প্রেয়সী ঘরে স্থির, আর অন্য কাটা যা চারিদিকে ঘুরে circle তথা বৃত্ত বানায় তার মত তিনিও চারিদিকে ঘুরেন। ঘূর্ণ্যমান কাটা যেমন ঘুরে বৃত্ত বানিয়ে শেষে স্থির কাটার সাথে এক হয় তেমনি কবিও সব জায়গায় ঘুরে দিন শেষে তার প্রেয়সীর কাছে ফিরবে এবং এক হবে।

তাহলে এখানে সাবজেক্ট ২জন, কবি ও তার প্রেয়সী, কবি নিজেদেরকে কম্পাসের সাথে তুলনা করলেন।

♥সো ফাইনালি, Conceit হল উপমা-তুলনাময় এক শব্দ। এই শব্দের মাধ্যমে আমরা একটি figure of speech শিখলাম। জানলাম কবিরা সব কিছুর সাথেই তাদের logic তথা যুক্তি দিয়ে উপমা করতে পারে।

09/01/2021

character sketch


Ravi is the protagonist of “Games at Twilight.” Ravi is one of the younger members of his family, illustrated by the fact that when Desai introduces him he is nervously picking his nose in fear of being caught by the older Raghu in a game of hide and seek. Ravi also laments the fact that he isn’t very tall and knows that in comparison to Raghu’s athleticism, he doesn’t stand a chance at escaping him if he had to run from Raghu. Thus, Desai quickly establishes a distinct social hierarchy between Ravi and Raghu and illustrates Ravi’s hopes of gaining greater status. When Ravi figures out that he can hide in the locked shed, he prides himself on his quick thinking and begins to dream of the glory that will come with his beating all of the other “older, bigger, luckier children.” He is so rapt by this vision of victory that he both overcomes the fear he feels in the dark, creepy shed, and also forgets that he needs to reach the family’s veranda in order to win the game. Ravi remains in the shed for what feels like hours, until he realizes that he could have run to the den much earlier. When he does so, tears streaming down his face at having waited so long, he realizes that his victory has been rendered hollow because the other children have completely forgotten about him and had finished the game of hide and seek a long time ago. Thus, Ravi is confronted with the reality of his own insignificance. His understanding is further heightened by the fact that the children are playing a game in which they are chanting about being dead. Ravi recognizes the irony in this and gains an understanding of how insignificance is connected to death. Desai implies that Ravi could be (or could have been) dead and no one would notice—a thought that contributes to his maturation and a loss of innocence at the end of the story.

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