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Spoken English With AH Shakib
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English Sentence Patterns with "Earlier" â¨
1ī¸âŖ Subject + verb + earlier
đš āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰā§āĻā§
Example:
She arrived earlier.
(āϏ⧠āĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤)
2ī¸âŖ Subject + verb + earlier than + comparison
đš āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰā§āĻā§
Example:
I left earlier than him.
(āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤)
3ī¸âŖ Earlier + time phrase, + subject + verb
đš āϏāĻŽā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻļā§āϰā§
Example:
Earlier this morning, he called me.
(āĻāĻ āϏāĻāĻžāϞā§āĻ āϏ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻĢā§āύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤)
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1. Reluctant
* Meaning: Unwilling or hesitant
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻ / āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāĻā§āϰāϏā§āϤ
* Example: She was **reluctant** to speak in public.
⤠āϏ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠**āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āĻ** āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
2. Abandon
* Meaning: To leave behind or give up
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž / āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
* Example: They had to **abandon** their home during the flood.
⤠āĻŦāύā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ **āϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤā§** āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝ āĻšā§āĨ¤
3. Essential
* Meaning: Absolutely necessary
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϝ / āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύā§ā§
* Example: Water is **essential** for life.
⤠āĻā§āĻŦāύāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ **āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϝ**āĨ¤
4. Observe
* Meaning: To watch carefully or follow
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻž / āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāĻž
* Example: We must **observe** the safety rules.
⤠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻž āύāĻŋā§āĻŽ **āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāϤā§** āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
5. Rapid
* Meaning: Very fast or quick
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ / āĻ
āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ
* Example: Technology is changing at a **rapid** pace.
⤠āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ **āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤāĻāϤāĻŋāϤā§** āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
---
6. Vivid
* Meaning: Bright, clear, and full of life
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāϞ / āĻā§āĻŦāύā§āϤ / āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ
* Example: I have **vivid** memories of my childhood.
⤠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻļā§āĻļāĻŦā§āϰ **āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āϏā§āĻŽā§āϤāĻŋ** āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
7. Confrontationalist
* Meaning: A person who often starts conflict or argument
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āϏāĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖ / āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ
* Example: He is known as a **confrontationalist** in political debates.
⤠āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāϰā§āĻā§ āϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻāύ **āϏāĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ** āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
8. Diametrically
* Meaning: Completely or totally (often used with "opposite")
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧠/ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ
* Example: Their views are **diametrically opposite**.
⤠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ **āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ**āĨ¤
9. Rivalry
* Meaning: Competition or conflict between two sides
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻŦāύā§āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž / āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻž
* Example: There is a strong **rivalry** between the two teams.
⤠āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĻāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ **āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻŦāύā§āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž** āϰā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
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10. Power Vacuum
* Meaning: Absence of leadership or control
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āύā§āϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻšā§āύ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž / āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϤāĻž
* Example: The presidentâs resignation created a **power vacuum**.
⤠āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ **āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϤāĻž** āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
11. Ignite
* Meaning: To set fire or spark strong emotion
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻāĻā§āύ āϞāĻžāĻāĻžāύ⧠/ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻĒāύāĻž āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž
* Example: Her speech **ignited** hope in people's hearts.
⤠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻā§āϤā§āϤāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻŽāύ⧠**āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻŋā§ā§ āϤā§āϞā§**āĨ¤
12. Procrastination
* Meaning: Delaying tasks unnecessarily
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāϏā§āϤā§āϰāϤāĻž / āĻĸāĻŋāϞā§āĻŽāĻŋ
* Example: **Procrastination** is the thief of time.
⤠**āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāϏā§āϤā§āϰāϤāĻž** āϏāĻŽā§ā§āϰ āĻā§āϰāĨ¤
13. Diplomatic Autonomy
* Meaning: A country's independent control over foreign policy
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻā§āĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž / āϏā§āĻŦāĻžā§āϤā§āϤāĻļāĻžāϏāύ
* Example: The country is trying to maintain **diplomatic autonomy** despite foreign pressure.
⤠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§ āĻĒā§ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻāĻŋ **āĻā§āĻāύā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž** āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤
14. Fictitious
* Meaning: Not real; made up
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ / āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨā§āϝāĻž / āĻŦāĻžāύā§ā§āĻžāĻ
* Example: He gave a **fictitious** name to avoid trouble.
⤠āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻž āĻā§āĻžāϤ⧠āϏ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ **āĻŦāĻžāύā§ā§āĻžāĻ āύāĻžāĻŽ** āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
15. Craving
* Meaning: A strong desire for something
* āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž / āĻāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āώāĻž
* Example: She had a **craving** for chocolate last night.
⤠āĻāϤ āϰāĻžāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāϞā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰ **āϤā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž** āĻšā§ā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Verb+ing â āĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻ āϰā§āĻĒ, āĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ!
āĻāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϏā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻŦ verb+ing āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠noun, verb, adjective, āĻāĻŦāĻ adverb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻž + āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ â
Verb+ing as a Noun (Gerund)
Verb+ing = name of an action
Examples:
Reading is my hobby.
(Reading = subject, a noun)
āĻĒā§āĻžāĻļā§āύāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻāĨ¤
I love singing.
āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻŋāĨ¤
Verb+ing as a Verb (Continuous Tense)
Used in continuous tenses with am/is/are/was/were/have been, etc.
Examples:
She is singing.
āϏ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§āĨ¤
They were playing football.
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻŦāϞ āĻā§āϞāĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Verb+ing as an Adjective (Participle Adjective)
Describes a noun, tells what kind of thing it is.
Examples:
It was a boring movie.
āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϰ āϏāĻŋāύā§āĻŽāĻžāĨ¤
The running water was cold.
āĻŦā§ā§ āĻāϞāĻž āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤
Clue: It answers âWhat kind?â about a noun.
Verb+ing as an Adverb (Participle Phrase)
Describes how, when, or why something happens.
Often used to show two actions happening at the same time.
Examples:
She walked home, crying.
āϏ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻĻāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻĻāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžā§ āĻā§āϞāĨ¤
Smiling, he entered the room.
āĻšā§āϏ⧠āϏ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āĻĸā§āĻāϞā§āĨ¤
Clue: It answers âHow?â or âWhen?â about the verb.
Challenge
(Identify the function of verb+ing)
In the sentence: "The barking dog seldom bites." (barking) verb+ing acts as a/an:
a) Noun
b) Verb
c) Adjective
d) Adverb
Let us know your answer below the comment section----
Vocabulary Day-2
Day-1 vocabulary
The voice used in this vedio is given by artificial intelligence.
Translate the Sentence:
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ?
(English)
đPut your answer in the comment sectionđ
Hello, Everyone
I am back after a long period of time.
How are you doing, everyone?
Translate the Sentence:
āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϰāĻā§?(English)
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