24/03/2018
This post is specially for H.S.C candidates
good wishes for all and happy learning
Simple Sentence: āϝ⧠sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ subject āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ finite verb āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻžāĻā§ simple sentence āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ I saw him running, She heard me singing, I want to watch that movie.
Complex sentence: āϝ⧠sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ principal Clause āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ subordinate Clause āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Complex Sentence āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ I know what he says (noun pharse),
As I was ill, I could not go to school.
Though he is poor, He is honest.
We eat eat so that we can live.
We could not go to school because the weather was bad.
Compound sentence:āϝ⧠sentence āĻ āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ Principal āĻŦāĻž Dependent clause coordinating conjunction āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§,Compound Sentence āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ He is poor but honest. Study hard otherwise you will fail. Not only karim but also Mehedi joined the party. Sakira had no money nevertheless she wanted to buy the shirt.
Some other examples:
She met me and discussed the matter ( Double sentence)
You must do it or you will be in danger( Double sentence)
He came to our house , took some rest and went away.(Multiple sentence)
I thought, thought and thought (Contracted sentence)
He danced and sang fine song (Contracted sentence)
Neither he nor his sister has passed
Kamal as well as jamal will go
From Simple to Complex
Simple: I know his address (āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻžāύāĻž āĻāĻžāύāĻŋ)
Complex: I know what his address is.( āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻžāύāĻž āĻāĻŋ)
Simple: I saw his pen
Complex: I saw the pen which was his.
Simple: Tell me the address of the man
Complex: Tell me what the address of the man is.
Simple: Show me the picture
Complex: Show me what the picture is
Simple: He asked me of my name.
Complex: He asked me what my name was.
Simple: Speak the truth.
Complex: Speak what the truth is.
āĻā§āύ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠where āĻŦāϏ⧠āϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠when āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Simple: I know his birth place
Complex: I know where he was born
Simple: I know his birthday
Complex: I know when he was born.
Simple: This is my birth place
Complex: This is the place where I was born
or,
This is where I was born.
Simple: I canât tell the time of his coming.
Complex: I canât tell the time when he will come
Simple sentence āĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ NP +be+ too + adjective+ to +v1 āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠Complex sentence āĻ āĻāϰ structure āĻĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻŦā§ NP+ be+ so + adjective+ that + NP2+ canât+ v1
too...to āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§ negative sentence āĻ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ, he was so talented that he could pass the exam
āĻāĻ sentence āĻāĻž simple āĻāϰāϞ⧠meaning change āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύ, he was too talented to pass the exam. ( āϏ⧠āĻāϤāĻāĻžāĻ āĻŽā§āϧāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻŋ) āϤāĻžāĻ meaning āϝāĻžāϤ⧠change āύāĻž āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻ āϞāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§
he was too talented to fail the exam ( āϏ⧠āĻāϤāĻāĻžāĻ āĻŽā§āϧāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻĢā§āϞ āĻāϰā§āύāĻŋ) āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻā§ā§āĻŋā§ā§ āϞāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Simple: He is too weak to walk.ā§āĻŖā§(āϏ⧠āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ)
Complex: He is so weak that he canât walk. (āϏ⧠āĻāϤāĻāĻžāĻ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞ āϝ⧠āĻšāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻž)
Simple: He is too foolish (āĻŦā§āĻāĻž) to understand it.
Complex: He is so foolish that he canât understand it.
Simple: I am too tall to enter the room.
Complex: I am so tall that I canât enter the room.
Simple: The man is too dishonest to speak the truth.
Complex: The man is so dishonest that he canât speak the truth.
Simple: The puzzle is too difficult for me to solve it.
Complex: The puzzle is so difficult that I canât solve it.
Simple: The box was too heavy for me to carry.
Complex: The box was so heavy that I could not carry.
Simple: Going to Nilkhet, he bought a book.
Complex: When he went to market, he bought a book
Simple: Completing the work, he felt satisfied.
Complex: When he completed the work, he felt satisfied
Simple: Singing a song, he wanted some money.
Complex: When he sang a song, he wanted some money.
Simple: Having taken a cup of tea, he went away. (āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϞ⧠āĻā§āϞ)
Complex: When he had taken a cup tea, he went away.( past participle)
Simple: Having gone to market, I bought some cosmetics.
Complex: When I had gone to market, I bought some cosmetics.
Simple sentence āĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ to+v1 āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ā§ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠complex sentence āĻ NP+ verb+ in order that+ NP2+may/might+v1
Simple: We eat to live (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻ)
Complex: We eat in order that we may live (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ)
Simple: We lived in houses to be comfortable
Complex: We lived in houses in order that we might be comfortable
Simple sentence āĻ In order to āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠complex sentence āĻ so that + may āĻŦāĻž might / can/could āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
Simple: He studied hard in order to pass the exam in the first division. (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻžāĻļā§āύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āϏā§āĻ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝāĨ¤)
Complex: He studied hard so that he could /might pass the exam in the first exam (āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻžāĻļā§āύāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āϏā§āĻ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤)
Simple: We earn money in order to lead a happy life
Complex: we earn money so that we may lead a happy life
Simple: She practices singing in order to be a good singer
Complex: She practices singing so that she may be a good singer.
Simple: I worked hard in order to recover my debt. (āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŖ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ)
Complex: I worked hard so that I could recover my debt. (āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŖ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ)
Simple: I went there in order to meet him
Complex: I went there so that I could I might/could meet him.
Simple: We studied hard for the purpose of passing in the first division
Complex: We studied hard so that we could pass in the first division.
Simple sentence āĻ in spite of āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠complex sentence āĻ though āĻŦāĻž although āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is happy (āĻŋāĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ āϏ⧠āϏā§āĻā§)
Or
In spite of his being poor, he is happy
Complex: Though he is poor, he is happy. (āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ āϏ⧠āĻāϰāĻŋāĻŦ, āϏ⧠āϏā§āĻā§)
Simple: In spite of the bad weather, we went there
Or,
In spite of the weather being bad, we went there.
Complex: Though the weather was bad , we went there.
Simple: In spite of his cruelty, I love him
Complex: Though he is cruel, I love him.
Complex to simple
Complex sentence āϝāĻĻāĻŋ if + Np+ auxiliary verb+ Verb+ object āĻĨāĻžāĻā§,āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠simple sentence āĻ by + v1 + ing āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed in your life.
Simple: By working hard, You will succeed in your life.
Complex: If you earn money, you will live better.
Simple: By earning money, you will live better.
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ If+ Np+ auxiliary verb+ not+ verb + object āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠simple sentence āĻ without + v1 + ing āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
ComplāϤāĻžāĻšāϞā§ex: If you donât study hard, you will not pass the exam
Simple: Without study hard, You will not pass the exam.
Complex: If you donât earn money, you will live better
Simple: Without earning money, you will not live better.
Simple to complex
Simple: By drinking milk, you can get vitamins
Complex: If you drink milk, you can get vitamins
Simple: Without working hard, you canât get success
Complex: If you donât work hard, you canât get success.
Some other exceptional examples:
Complex: If you succeed, I shall be happy. (āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšāĻ,āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āϏā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻŦ)
Simple: Your success makes me happyā§ā§āĻŦā§(āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻĢāϞāϤāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āϏā§āĻā§ āĻāϰāĻŦā§)
Complex: If you arrive here in time, I shall be glad (āϤā§āĻŽāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāϤ āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻžāĻ, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ)
Simple: Your arrival here in time āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āϏ makes me glad. (āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āϏāĻŽā§ā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻŦā§)
Simple: I am glad to hear of your passing the exam
Complex: I am glad to hear that you have passed the exam.
Simple: I am sure of his success
Complex: I am sure that you will succeed
Simple: I am not sure of his failure
ComplexāĻāĻāĻ āĻI am not sure that he will fail.
Simple: Prokash, son of Jadeza Roy, is very devoted to his study
Complex: Prokash, who is son of Jadeza Roy, is very devoted to his study.
Simple: We waited till sunset
Complex : We waited until the sun will set
Simple: They slept till sunrise
Complex: They slept until the Sun rose.
Simple to compound
Simple: You must work hard in order to succeed.
Compound: Work hard and succeed.
Compound: Do it and (you will ) get money.
Simple: Do it in order to get money.
Simple: Walk regularly in order to be happy
Compound: Walk regularly and be happy
Simple: Love others in order to be loved by them
Compound: Love others and be loved by them
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ simple sentence by + v1+ing āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠compound sentence āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Simple: By eating a balanced diet, We can be healthy
Compound: We eat a balanced diet and we can be healthy.
Simple: By studying hard, you can pass the exam
Compound: Study hard and you can pass the exam.
Simple: By reading the newspaper, you can be wise
Compound: read the newspaper and be wise
āϝāĻĻāĻŋ simple sentence without + v1+ing āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠compound sentence āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
Simple: Without reading hard, you canât pass
Compound: Read hard or (otherwise) you canât pass
Simple: Without loving others, you canât be loved by them
Compound: Love others otherwise (or) you canât be loved by other
Simple: Without being punctual, you canât prosper in your life
Compound: Be punctual otherwise you canât prosper in your life.
Simple: Without taking risk, you canât reach your goal
Compound: Take risk otherwise you canât reach your goal
Compound to simple
Compound: He is poor but he is honest
Simple:In spite of his poverty, he is an honest man
Compound: He is rich but he is an honest man
Simple: In spite of his riches, he is an honest man
Compound: They are strong but they have been defeated
Simple: In spite of their strength, they have been defeated
Compound: we worked hard but we could not succeed
Simple: In spite of working hard, we could not succeed.
Compound: We received the news and started weeping
Simple: With the receipt of the news, we started weeping.
Simple: Seeing me, the thief ran away
Compound: The thief saw me and ran away.
Simple: Looking at the moon, the child laughed.surprised.
Simple āĻ To my surprise, he fell on the floor.
Compound: He fell on the floor and I was surprised.
Simple to complex:
Simple: He was the first boy to win the prize.
Complex: He was the first boy who won the prize.
Simple: Only poor will be given relief
Complex: Only those who are poor will be given relief
Simple: Do not annoy the sleeping dog
Complex: Do not annoy the dog which is sleeping
Simple: A rolling stone gathers no moss.
Complex: A stone which is rolling gathers no moss.
Complex to Compound
Complex: As soon as we reached there , the rain started
Compound: We reached there and the rain started at once.
Complex: Hardly had she heard the news when she started weeping
Compound: She heard the news and started weeping.
If āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ Complex sentence āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ compound sentence āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
Complex: If you study hard you will succeed.
Compound: Study and you will succeed.
Complex: If you eta a balanced diet, you will remain healthy
Compound: Eat a balanced diet and you will remain healthy
Complex: If you do not earn money, you will not be able to live better
Compound: Earn money or ( otherwise) you will not be able to live better
Complex: If you love people, they will love you
Compound: Love people and they will love you
Some other examples:
Complex: I know that he is honest
Compound: He is honest and I know him
Complex: He had said that he had gone to Khulna
Compound: He had gone to Khulna and he said that
Complex: We saw that he entered the room
Compound: He had entered the room and we saw that
Though āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻž although āϝā§āĻā§āϤ complex sentence āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§ā§ compound āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
Complex: Though he was poor, he is honest
Compound: He was poor but honest
Complex: Though he won the game, he did not get the prize
Compound: He won the game but did not get the prize.
As /since āϝā§āĻā§āϤ complex sentence āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§ā§ compound āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
Complex: As we climbed up the hill, we saw many interesting things
Compound: We climbed up the tree and saw many interesting things.
Complex: We could not go out for a walk as the weather was bad.
Compound: The weather was bad and we could not go out for a walk.
Complex: As she was angry with me, she did not talk with me for two days
Compound: She was angry with me and she did not talk with me for two days.
Some interesting examples:
Complex: The doctor came after the patient had died
Compound: The patient had died and then doctor came
Complex: The rain started before we reached home
Compound: The rain started and then we reached home
Complex: We went to the dining room after the work had been completed
Compound: The work had been completed and then we went out.