Sajal's English

Easy Graph/Chart Writing Techniques for HSC Students (by Sajal's English )

This note is designed for weak and vulnerable students so that they can easily remember sentence patterns and write graph/chart descriptions independently.
SampEasy Sentence atterns for Graph/Chart Writing

Introduction 1
The graph/chart shows the comparative selling rates of different types of books in Ekushey Boi Mela.
The horizontal axis shows the types of books and the vertical axis shows the number of books sold.

1
-------- (Number/Percentage) -------- (Name of books) were sold in the book fair.
: 4500 novel books were sold in the book fair.
2
The number of -------- (Name of books) sold in the book fair was --------.
: The number of history books sold in the book fair was 2500.


From the chart it is seen that --------

-------- (Name of books) were sold -------- (Number of copies) in the Boi Mela.
Example: Science fiction books were sold 3000 copies in the Boi Mela.
4

Among all categories, -------- books were sold the most/least.
: Among all categories, novel books were sold the most.

It means people like to read -------- books more/less.
: It means people like to read novel books more.

we analyse the chart, it can be seen that -------- .

Patterns

In conclusion, the graph reflects the readers’ choice.
Overall, the graph shows that novels were more popular than other books.


The bar graph shows the comparative selling rates of different types of books in Ekushey Boi Mela. The horizontal axis shows the types of books and the vertical axis shows the number of books sold.

From the chart it is seen that novel books were sold 4500 copies. It means most of the people like to read novels. Science fiction books were sold 3000 copies. The sale of history books was 2500 copies. On the other hand, poetry books were sold only 500 copies, which was the lowest among all categories.

If we analyse the chart, it can be seen that novels were more popular than all other books. Science fiction books also attracted many readers. History books had a moderate sale, whereas poetry books were less popular among the readers.

In fine, the graph clearly presents the readers’ choice in Ekushey Boi Mela and shows that novels were the most demanded books.

The chart shows the export sectors in Bangladesh that earn foreign currency. According to the chart, the major export sectors are garments, manpower, tea, fish, leather, and others.

Based on the data provided in the chart, it is clearly evident that garment products are the prime sector for earning foreign currency in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has achieved a remarkable reputation worldwide for its ready-made garments (RMG). Consequently, 54% of the total export earnings come from the garment sector. Therefore, our country earns a huge amount of foreign currency every fiscal year. Moreover, this sector creates employment opportunities for a large number of people.

The second most significant sector is manpower export. Every year, a considerable number of Bangladeshis go abroad for employment and send remittances to the country. As a result, Bangladesh earns 30% of its total foreign currency from manpower export. In addition, remittance plays a vital role in strengthening the national economy.

Furthermore, tea, fish, and leather jointly earn a small percentage of the total foreign currency. Besides these sectors, Bangladesh also earns foreign currency from several other sources. Although their contributions are comparatively lower, they are also important for the economic development of the country.

Overall, the garment sector plays the most dominant role in the economy of Bangladesh, while other sectors also contribute significantly to earning foreign currency.

Important Word Meanings (Bangla)

Prime sector = প্রধান খাত
Remarkable = অসাধারণ / উল্লেখযোগ্য
Consequently = ফলস্বরূপ
Employment opportunities = কর্মসংস্থানের সুযোগ
Considerable = উল্লেখযোগ্য / অনেক
Vital = অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
Contribution = অবদান
Dominant = প্রভাবশালী / প্রধান
Strengthening = শক্তিশালী করা
Economic development = অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়ন

The Sources of Air / Environment pollution in Dhaka City ( pie chart)

The pie chart illustrates the sources of air pollution in a city. Air is polluted by five major sources: vehicles, industry, power plants, heating and air conditioning, and waste disposal.

According to the chart, vehicles are responsible for 50% of air pollution, which clearly indicates that traffic is the main cause of poor air quality in the city. Industry is the second largest source, contributing 20% of the total pollution. This means that mills and factories emit a huge amount of harmful and toxic gases into the atmosphere. Similarly, power plants account for 12% of air pollution. Besides, heating and air conditioning contribute 10% to environmental pollution. Finally, waste disposal is responsible for the smallest share, accounting for only 8% of the total air pollution.

It is evident from the chart that human activities are mainly responsible for increasing air pollution in the city. Excessive air pollution causes various environmental and health problems. Therefore, effective and immediate steps should be taken by the government and the public to control these sources and ensure a cleaner, safer, and healthier environment for city dwellers. (By Sajol Robi Das)

Composition

Importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence, commonly known as AI, is one of the most remarkable inventions of modern science. It refers to the ability of machines and computer systems to think, learn, and perform tasks like human beings. In today’s world, AI plays a vital role in almost every sector of our life and has become an indispensable (অপরিহার্য / একান্ত প্রয়োজনীয়) part of modern civilization.
Day by day, AI is becoming increasingly popular not only in our country but also in other countries of the world. In the field of education, AI has brought a revolutionary change. Nowadays, students use AI to make questions, find solutions to difficult problems, translate texts, and practise for international exams like IELTS. Teachers also use AI to prepare lesson plans, set question papers, and evaluate students’ performance more effectively. Thus, AI is making teaching and learning easier, faster, and more meaningful.
AI has also made a significant contribution to the medical sector. Doctors in different countries now use AI to diagnose diseases accurately, analyse medical reports, and even assist in complex surgeries. AI-powered systems help save time and reduce human error. In a densely populated country like ours, such technology can greatly improve healthcare services and save countless lives.
In the field of agriculture, AI is proving to be a great blessing. Farmers use AI-based tools to predict weather conditions, detect crop diseases, and increase agricultural production. This is extremely important for our country, where agriculture is the backbone of the economy. AI helps ensure food security and promotes sustainable development.
Moreover, AI is widely used in communication, transportation, banking, and industry. Smart assistants, language translation tools, traffic control systems, online banking security, and automated industries are making daily life more comfortable and efficient. People from different professions are now depending on AI for accuracy and speed.
However, the misuse of AI may create some problems, such as unemployment and threats to privacy. Therefore, it is essential to use AI wisely and ethically. Proper training and awareness can help reduce its negative effects.
In conclusion, Artificial Intelligence is a powerful invention that has immense (বিপুল / অপরিসীম) importance in modern life. If used properly, AI can contribute greatly to the development of our country and the world as a whole. It can help students, teachers, doctors, and professionals move forward towards a smarter, more advanced, and prosperous future.

A Fox And A Crane

Once upon a time, a fox and a crane (সারস পাখি) lived in a jungle. They were good friends and often visited each other’s houses. One day, the fox invited (আমন্ত্রণ জানাল) the crane to his home for dinner. The crane gladly accepted the invitation.
At dinner time, the fox served (পরিবেশন করল) the food in a flat dish. The fox ate his food easily, but the crane could not eat because of his long beak (ঠোঁট). The fox did not care (পরোয়া করল না) and kept eating. The poor crane felt very sad and hungry. Without eating anything, he quietly returned (ফিরে গেল) to his home.
A few days later, the crane decided (সিদ্ধান্ত নিল) to teach the fox a lesson (শিক্ষা দিতে). He invited the fox to his house for dinner. The fox gladly accepted the invitation and went there.
This time, the crane served the food in a long, narrow jug (লম্বা ও সরু কলসি). The crane easily put his long beak into the jug and ate all the food. But the fox could not eat because his mouth could not reach inside (ভেতরে পৌঁছাতে পারল না) the jug. He could only smell the delicious (সুস্বাদু) food.
At last, the fox realized (উপলব্ধি করল) his mistake and felt ashamed (লজ্জিত) of his behavior (আচরণ). He understood that one should not treat others badly.

Moral: Tit for tat (যেমন কর্ম তেমন ফল).

A College Library / Our College Library

A college library is an essential part (অত্যাবশ্যক অংশ) of higher study. It is a collection (সংগ্রহ) of books that helps students to gain (অর্জন করা) knowledge beyond their classroom lessons. Our college has a rich and well-organized (সুশৃঙ্খল) library for the students. It is situated on the first floor (প্রথম তলা) of the main building, which makes it easily accessible (সহজে প্রবেশযোগ্য). The library is spacious (প্রশস্ত), quiet, and well-furnished (সজ্জিত), providing a proper academic atmosphere (শিক্ষার পরিবেশ) for reading. Inside the library, there are rows of shelves (তাক) filled with textbooks, reference (তথ্যসূত্র) books, novels, story books, journals (সাময়িকী), and magazines. Daily newspapers are also kept to enrich (সমৃদ্ধ করা) our knowledge of current affairs (সমসাময়িক বিষয়). A large reading room is attached where students prepare lessons attentively (মনোযোগ সহকারে). Students can borrow (ধার নেওয়া) books with their library cards for a certain period. The librarian is polite (ভদ্র) and helpful, and he guides us to find the right book. Thus, the library not only helps us in examinations but also broadens (প্রশস্ত করা) our outlook and builds (গঠন করা) the habit of reading. Truly, our college library is a blessing (আশীর্বাদ) for us, without which our education would remain incomplete (অসম্পূর্ণ).

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Importance of Moral Values

Moral values are the principles that help us understand what is right and what is wrong. They include honesty, kindness, patience, respect, responsibility, and fairness. These values guide our actions and decisions in daily life. The importance of moral values is very high because they help a person build a good character and become a good human being. A student with moral values is loved by all, trusted by teachers and friends, and respected in society. Without moral values, education is meaningless because true education is not just about gaining knowledge, but also about becoming honest, kind, and responsible. Moral values also create peace and unity in families, schools, and society. They help reduce crime, corruption, and violence, which are common problems today. Sadly, we see that moral values are declining in many places due to bad influences, social media misuse, and lack of proper guidance. To solve this problem, parents, teachers, and society must work together. Moral lessons should be taught at home and in schools. Religious teachings and cultural traditions can also play a strong role in shaping the minds of the young. The media should promote positive messages to inspire the youth. If the young generation learns and practices moral values from an early age, they will grow up to be honest, responsible, and caring citizens. Therefore, moral values must be protected and practiced to build a better future for all.

Graffiti (দেয়াল চিত্র / প্রতিবাদী দেয়াল লিখন / চিত্র)

Graffiti is a type of street art that shares strong messages of protest (প্রতিবাদ) and resistance (প্রতিরোধ). In Bangladesh, graffiti has played an important role in different movements (আন্দোলন) by helping people speak out against injustice (অবিচার) and unfair rulers (অন্যায় শাসক). It became popular in the 1960s during protests against the authoritarian (কঠোর শাসক) rule of Ayub Khan, when students painted slogans like “Down with Ayub Khan” (আয়ুব খান নিপাত যাক) on walls. This act of defiance (অবাধ্যতা / প্রতিবাদ) showed the power of young voices. During the Liberation War of 1971, graffiti became a tool to inspire (অনুপ্রাণিত করা) freedom fighters. In the 1980s, the tragic (দুঃখজনক) death of Noor Hossain, who had “Down with Autocracy” (স্বৈরশাসন নিপাত যাক) written on his chest, became a powerful symbol (প্রতীক) of protest against military rule. More recently, during the July Uprising of 2024, students again used graffiti to demand justice (ন্যায়বিচার) and democracy (গণতন্ত্র) with messages like “The country is nobody’s father's.” (দেশটা কারও বাপের না). These examples show how graffiti has supported major movements in Bangladesh by spreading messages quickly and boldly. It gives a voice to the oppressed (নিপীড়িত), reminds us of past struggles, and keeps the hope for freedom and equality (সমতা) alive. To sum up, graffiti stands as a bold expression of youth power and a reminder that even a wall can speak for justice.

Sajal's English This page has been created to support those students who think themselves weak in English..

যেভাবে লিখলে Summary তে maximum নাম্বার পাওয়া যাবে।

The passage predominantly (প্রধানভাবে / মূলত)
throws light upon (আলোকপাত করে / তুলে ধরে)
the miserable life of a street boy named Amerigo. He was abandoned by both of his parents and now lives on the streets. He did various jobs like collecting trash and selling ice cream, but they were painful and poorly paid. One of his friends died in a trash heap, and another lost an eye in a factory accident. Street children like Amerigo suffer from hunger, danger, and uncertainty every day.In a nutshell, ( সংক্ষেপে) it can be said that the passage reveals / reflects on the harsh reality and helplessness faced by children living on the streets.

You can begin your letter in the following ways

1. My dear [Name],
Your letter came to me like a fresh breeze. I’m glad to know that you and your family are in good health.

2. Dear [Name],
I hope this letter finds you in good health and cheerful mind. I am also well and passing my days nicely.

3. My dearest [Name],
I am very happy to write to you today. It has been a long time since we last communicated.

4. My dear [Name],
At the beginning / outset of the letter, accept my heartfelt love. I hope you are in good health and sound mind. I am also well by the grace of the Almighty.

5. Dear [Name],
At first, take my salam and best wishes. I hope you are well and leading a happy life. I am writing this letter to share something important with you.

6. My dear [Name],
It’s a pleasure to write to you again. I pray to the Almighty that this letter reaches you in the best of health and happiness.

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Sajal's English This page has been created to support those students who think themselves weak in English..