World Of Medical Science

Billions of dead jellyfish have washed up around the world:

The dead jellies form a 'crunchy carpet' of corpses, one expert said.

The jellyfish, known as Velella velella, thrive in large colonies boasting millions of members— or more. But they can be stranded en masse when seasonal winds change, washing up on beaches worldwide.

A 2006 event in New Zealand involved millions of jellyfish. In 2015, about a billion washed up on West coast beaches in the United States, prompting researchers to investigate the factors behind such massive die-offs.

Once stranded, these jellies dry up and die, leaving behind a "crunchy carpet" of corpses on the sand.

A study, based on 20 years of citizen-science observations along the U.S. Pacific coast, revealed that the largest Velella strandings occurred from 2015 to 2019, coinciding with a marine heat wave known as "the blob."

This period of unusually warm ocean surface temperatures likely fueled the jellyfish's population growth by extending the spawning season of certain fish, providing more food for the jellies.

While the blob may have helped Velella populations thrive, it disrupted the marine ecosystem, causing die-offs in other species. As climate change increases the frequency of marine heat waves, Velella may become more common, resulting in even larger stranding events in the future.

Image: Tiffany Boothe, Seaside Aquarium

Deadly centipede discovered in a cave that hasn't seen daylight in 5.5 million years:

A venomous centipede species, Cryptops speleorex, was discovered as the top predator in Romania's Movile Cave, a dark, toxic environment that has been sealed off from daylight for over 5.5 million years.

Movile Cave, located 65 feet below the surface, is filled with warm, moist air low in oxygen and rich in toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide and methane, which support chemosynthetic bacteria.

Despite these extreme conditions, the cave hosts a variety of life, including spiders, scorpions, and earthworms.

The newly found centipede, nicknamed the "king of the cave," is the largest of its predatory arthropods, measuring around 2 inches long and equipped with deadly venomous bites.

Living in complete darkness, C. speleorex has evolved unique features, including longer antennae and specialized saw teeth on its legs, to thrive in this harsh environment.

It preys on other cave-dwelling creatures, such as spiders and beetles, ruling over an ecosystem that includes 51 invertebrate species, 34 of which are found only in Movile Cave.

Researchers found that this centipede has genetically diverged from its surface-dwelling relatives over millions of years, adapting to the poisonous, lightless conditions of the cave to become an entirely new species.

mage credit: Varpu Vahtera, Pavel Stoev, Nesrine Akkari/Zookeys,

Stem cell therapy successfully reversed diabetes in a patient.

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