30/10/2025
đ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ narration āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻā§āĻļāϞ:
āĻ
āώā§āĻāĻŽ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ
âāĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻĨā§āĻĒāĻāĻĨāύ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻāϞāĻžāĻĒāĻā§ Direct Speech āĻĨā§āĻā§ Indirect Speech-āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ
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āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻāϰā§āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
âā§§. āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻž āĻ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤāĻāϰāĻŖ: āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ narration āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻž (Speaker) āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻžāĻā§ (Listener) āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻā§, āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻļāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
â⧍. āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āϧāϰāύ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ Reporting Verb-āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ: āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻā§ Assertive, Interrogative, ImperativeâāĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ Reporting Verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ, āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ (Assertive) āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ told āĻŦāĻž replied that āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ (Interrogative) āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ asked āĻŦāĻž inquired āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Direct Speech-āĻ "Good morning" āĻŦāĻž "Good evening" āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻļā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻŦā§ Reporting Verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠wished āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ 'Sir' āĻŦāĻž 'Madam' āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠respectfully āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻāĨ¤
âā§Š. āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻļāϞ: āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻž āĻĒāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞā§āύ, āϤāĻāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϞā§āϞāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ (āϝā§āĻŽāύ: Assertive) āĻ
āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ added that, further said that, āĻŦāĻž also mentioned that āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ⧠āĻļā§āϧ⧠"Yes" āĻŦāϞā§, āϤāĻŦā§ replied in the affirmative āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻŦāĻ "No" āĻŦāϞāϞ⧠replied in the negative āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻļāϞāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻĨā§āĻĒāĻāĻĨāύā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻš āϧāϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
âā§Ē. Person, Tense āĻāĻŦāĻ Adverb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ: āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāϰā§āĻļāύā§āĻ Sentence Narration-āĻāϰ āϏāĻāϞ āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻž āĻ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻž āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ Person (I, you, he, she) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ Reporting Verb āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Past Tense-āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻŦā§ Reported Speech-āĻāϰ Tense-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ (āϝā§āĻŽāύ: Present Simple \rightarrow Past Simple, Present Perfect \rightarrow Past Perfect)āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ, āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ (āϝā§āĻŽāύ: today \rightarrow that day, now \rightarrow then, here \rightarrow there) āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
âāĻāĻ āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻ
āύā§āĻļā§āϞāύ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āĻ
āώā§āĻāĻŽ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰāĻž āĻā§āĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻā§āĻ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠Passage Narration-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āϏāĻā§āώāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ :
Direct Speech
The teacher said to the student, "You have done very well in the test. Why were you so nervous yesterday?"
The student replied, "Sir, I was afraid that I might fail."
The teacher said, "Do not worry about the result, but always study hard."
āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ (Answer):
Indirect Speech
The teacher told the student that he had done very well in the test and asked him why he had been so nervous the previous day.
The student respectfully replied to the teacher that he had been afraid that he might fail.
The teacher advised him not to worry about the result, but to always study hard.