Rahim's IELTS Bangladesh

📚 Hard Words Made Easy
Passage 3 (Reading)

Initially encounter misinformation → First see false information

Tremendous importance → Very important

Estimating the potential for subsequent problems → Predicting future problems

Philosophical debate → Deep argument or discussion

Human information engagement → How people handle new information

Conflicting predictions → Opposite ideas

Empirically tested → Proven by research

Accepts or rejects after considering → Decides after thinking

Accept by default → Believe automatically at first

Verify or reject → Check or say no later

Cognitive process → Thinking process

Empirical evidence → Scientific proof

Encode as true → Take in as true

Tag as true or false → Mark later as true or false

Mental resources for skepticism → Brain power for doubt

Reside in a different part of the brain → Live in another brain area

Perceiving and encoding → Understanding and storing info

From Cambridge IELTS 19, Reading Test 1, Passage 1
Topic: How Tennis Rackets Have Change- Part 2

🔹 Manufacturer (n.) – a company that makes products
বাংলা: প্রস্তুতকারী
👉 Example: The rackets are sent from the manufacturer (প্রস্তুতকারী) to Florida.
🔹 Thorough (adj.) – complete and detailed
বাংলা: সম্পূর্ণ, গভীর
👉 Example: The rackets go through a thorough (গভীর) customisation process.
🔹 Experimented (v., past) – tried different things to find what works best
বাংলা: পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করা
👉 Example: They experimented (পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করেছে) with different kinds of paint.
🔹 Denser (adj.) – having more things packed closely together
বাংলা: ঘন, ঘনত্ব বেশি
👉 Example: The rackets have a denser (ঘন) string pattern.
🔹 String pattern (n.) – the way strings are arranged on a racket
বাংলা: তারের বিন্যাস
👉 Example: A string pattern (তারের বিন্যাস) shows how crosses and mains are placed.
🔹 Primary (adj.) – main or most important
বাংলা: প্রধান, মূল
👉 Example: The primary (প্রধান) reason for changes is to win more matches.
🔹 Modification (n.) – a small change made to improve something
বাংলা: পরিবর্তন, সংশোধন
👉 Example: Players make modifications (পরিবর্তন) to their rackets to perform better.
🔹 Line (n.) – a point or level that separates two things
বাংলা: সীমা, রেখা
👉 Example: The line (সীমা) between winning and losing is very thin.
🔹 Slight (adj.) – small in amount or degree
বাংলা: সামান্য, ক্ষুদ্র
👉 Example: Even a slight (সামান্য) change can affect the game.
🔹 Competitive advantage (phrase) – something that helps someone win or succeed more easily
বাংলা: প্রতিযোগিতামূলক সুবিধা
👉 Example: Players want to increase their competitive advantage (প্রতিযোগিতামূলক সুবিধা).
🔹 Creative (adj.) – able to make new and original ideas
বাংলা: সৃজনশীল
👉 Example: Players are becoming more creative (সৃজনশীল) with their racket changes.
🔹 Amateur (adj.) – not professional; someone who does something for pleasure, not money
বাংলা: অপেশাদার
👉 Example: Werner Fischer was an amateur (অপেশাদার) player.
🔹 Spaghetti-strung racket (n.) – a racket with an unusual string pattern that creates lots of spin
বাংলা: স্প্যাগেটি-স্ট্রং র‌্যাকেট (বিশেষ ধরনের তারের বিন্যাস)
👉 Example: The spaghetti-strung racket (স্প্যাগেটি-স্ট্রং র‌্যাকেট) gave extra topspin.
🔹 Topspin (n.) – a type of spin on the ball that makes it drop faster
বাংলা: টপস্পিন (বল ঘুরানোর বিশেষ ধরন)
👉 Example: The racket created a lot of topspin (টপস্পিন).
🔹 Banned (v., past) – officially not allowed
বাংলা: নিষিদ্ধ করা
👉 Example: The racket was quickly banned (নিষিদ্ধ) by the tennis authorities.
🔹 International Tennis Federation (ITF) (n.) – the global organization that governs tennis
বাংলা: আন্তর্জাতিক টেনিস ফেডারেশন (আইটিএফ)
👉 Example: The International Tennis Federation (আন্তর্জাতিক টেনিস ফেডারেশন) set the rules.
🔹 Regularity (n.) – something done often or repeatedly
বাংলা: নিয়মিততা
👉 Example: Racket modification became a regularity (নিয়মিততা) in tennis.
🔹 Significance (n.) – importance
বাংলা: গুরুত্ব
👉 Example: Racket modification is of equal significance (গুরুত্ব) to training.
🔹 Nutrition (n.) – the process of eating food to stay healthy
বাংলা: পুষ্টি
👉 Example: Nutrition is important for tennis players.
🔹 Modification (n.) – a small change made to improve something
বাংলা: পরিবর্তন, সংশোধন
👉 Example: Modifications (পরিবর্তনগুলি) to rackets can improve a player's game.
🔹 Categories (n.) – groups or types
বাংলা: বিভাগ, শ্রেণী
👉 Example: Changes can be divided into two categories (বিভাগ): strings and frames.
🔹 String bed (n.) – the area of the racket where the strings are placed
বাংলা: তারের বিছানা (র‌্যাকেটের তারবোনা)
👉 Example: The string bed (তারবোনা) affects how the ball bounces.
🔹 Racket frame (n.) – the outer part of the racket that holds the strings
বাংলা: র‌্যাকেটের ফ্রেম (বাহ্যিক অংশ)
👉 Example: Some players modify the racket frame (র‌্যাকেটের ফ্রেম) for better grip.
🔹 Former (pronoun) – the first of two things mentioned
বাংলা: প্রথমটি
👉 Example: The former (প্রথমটি) is more common than the latter.
🔹 Latter (pronoun) – the second of two things mentioned
বাংলা: দ্বিতীয়টি
👉 Example: The latter (দ্বিতীয়টি) is less common.
🔹 Tension (n.) – the tightness of the strings on a racket
বাংলা: টেনশন, চাপ
👉 Example: Players change the tension (টেনশন) of their strings depending on the court.
🔹 Installed (v., past) – put something in place for use
বাংলা: স্থাপন করা
👉 Example: The strings are installed (স্থাপন করা) with different tensions.
🔹 Experiment (v.) – to try different things to find what works best
বাংলা: পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করা
👉 Example: Players often experiment (পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করে) with string tension.
🔹 Continually (adv.) – happening over and over without stopping
বাংলা: অবিরত, ক্রমাগত
👉 Example: They continually (অবিরত) adjust their rackets.
🔹 Court surface (n.) – the material of the tennis court (e.g., grass, clay, hard)
বাংলা: কোর্টের পৃষ্ঠ
👉 Example: String tension changes with the court surface (কোর্টের পৃষ্ঠ).
🔹 Climatic conditions (phrase) – the weather and environment
বাংলা: আবহাওয়া পরিস্থিতি
👉 Example: Players change strings based on climatic conditions (আবহাওয়া পরিস্থিতি).
🔹 Game styles (n.) – different ways players play the game
বাংলা: খেলার ধরন
👉 Example: Game styles (খেলার ধরন) affect string tension choices.
🔹 Natural gut (n.) – strings made from the intestines of sheep or cows
বাংলা: প্রাকৃতিক গাট (ভেড়া বা গরুর অন্ত্র থেকে তৈরি তার)
👉 Example: Early rackets were strung with natural gut (প্রাকৃতিক গাট).
🔹 Synthetic (adj.) – made by chemical processes, not natural
বাংলা: কৃত্রিম
👉 Example: Synthetic (কৃত্রিম) strings are cheaper and more durable.
🔹 Durable (adj.) – able to last a long time without breaking
বাংলা: টেকসই
👉 Example: Nylon is a durable (টেকসই) material.

📚 From Cambridge IELTS 19, Reading Test 1, Passage 1
📝 Topic: How Tennis Rackets Have Changed

🔹 Professional (adj.) – relating to a paid occupation
বাংলা: পেশাদার
👉 Example: Andy Murray is a professional tennis player.
🔹 Ranked (v., past) – placed in order, especially by skill or score
বাংলা: অবস্থান নির্ধারণ করা
👉 Example: He was ranked as the world’s number one.
🔹 Incredible (adj.) – very hard to believe; amazing
বাংলা: অবিশ্বাস্য
👉 Example: It was an incredible achievement.
🔹 Achievement (n.) – something important that is done successfully
বাংলা: অর্জন
👉 Example: Becoming world number one was a great achievement.
🔹 Remarkable (adj.) – very special or unusual
বাংলা: চমকপ্রদ, ব্যতিক্রমী
👉 Example: His progress was remarkable.
🔹 Period (n.) – a length of time
বাংলা: সময়কাল
👉 Example: This happened during a difficult period.
🔹 Considered (v., past participle) – thought about in a particular way
বাংলা: বিবেচিত
👉 Example: It was considered one of the strongest periods.
🔹 Competing (v., present participle) – trying to win against others
বাংলা: প্রতিযোগিতা করা
👉 Example: He was competing against great players.
🔹 Outsider (n.) – someone not expected to win
বাংলা: বহিরাগত, কম সম্ভাবনাময় প্রতিযোগী
👉 Example: He was regarded as an outsider.
🔹 Major tournaments (n.) – big and important competitions
বাংলা: বড় টুর্নামেন্ট
👉 Example: He entered major tournaments but never won.
🔹 Transformation (n.) – a big change in form or character
বাংলা: রূপান্তর, বড় পরিবর্তন
👉 Example: Andy Murray’s transformation in tennis was impressive.
🔹 Visible (adj.) – easy to see
বাংলা: দৃশ্যমান, চোখে পড়ে এমন
👉 Example: One change was very visible to fans.
🔹 Widely publicised (phrase) – made known to many people
বাংলা: ব্যাপকভাবে প্রচারিত
👉 Example: The coaching change was widely publicised.
🔹 Former (adj.) – previous; having had a particular role before
বাংলা: প্রাক্তন
👉 Example: Ivan Lendl is a former number one player.
🔹 Coaching team (n.) – a group of people who train and guide a player
বাংলা: প্রশিক্ষণ দল
👉 Example: Murray invited a new member to his coaching team.
🔹 Valuable (adj.) – very useful or important
বাংলা: মূল্যবান, গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
👉 Example: The coach was a valuable addition.
🔹 Impact (n.) – a strong effect or influence
বাংলা: প্রভাব
👉 Example: The coach had a visible impact on Murray’s playing style.
🔹 Playing style (n.) – the way a player plays a sport
বাংলা: খেলার ধরন
👉 Example: His playing style improved after coaching.
🔹 Subtle (adj.) – small and not easy to notice
বাংলা: সূক্ষ্ম, অস্পষ্ট
👉 Example: Another change was subtle and not noticed by many.
🔹 Pass unnoticed (phrase) – to not be seen or noticed
বাংলা: চোখ এড়িয়ে যাওয়া
👉 Example: The change passed mostly unnoticed.
🔹 String (n.) – thin cords on a racket used to hit the ball
বাংলা: তার (র‍্যাকেটের)
👉 Example: The racket has strings for hitting the ball.
🔹 Mains (verticals) (n.) – vertical strings on a racket
বাংলা: মেইনস (উল্লম্ব তার)
👉 Example: The mains run up and down the racket.
🔹 Crosses (horizontals) (n.) – horizontal strings on a racket
বাংলা: ক্রসেস (আড়াআড়ি তার)
👉 Example: The crosses run across the racket horizontally.
🔹 Natural (adj.) – made from natural materials, not artificial
বাংলা: প্রাকৃতিক
👉 Example: Murray used natural strings for the crosses.
🔹 Synthetic (adj.) – made by humans; artificial
বাংলা: সিন্থেটিক, কৃত্রিম
👉 Example: He switched to synthetic strings for the mains.
🔹 Underestimate (v.) – to think something is less important than it really is
বাংলা: কম মূল্যায়ন করা
👉 Example: The importance of the change should not be underestimated.
🔹 Modification (n.) – a small change made to improve something
বাংলা: পরিবর্তন, সংশোধন
👉 Example: Murray made a modification (পরিবর্তন) to his racket strings.
🔹 Tweak (v.) – to make small adjustments
বাংলা: সামান্য পরিবর্তন বা সমন্বয় করা
👉 Example: Players tweak (সামান্য পরিবর্তন করে) their rackets to improve their game.
🔹 Customised (adj.) – specially made or changed for a particular person
বাংলা: ব্যক্তিগতকৃত
👉 Example: Touring professionals have customised (ব্যক্তিগতকৃত) rackets.
🔹 Specific (adj.) – clearly defined or particular
বাংলা: নির্দিষ্ট
👉 Example: Each player has specific (নির্দিষ্ট) needs for their racket.
🔹 Performance maximisation (phrase) – making performance as good as possible
বাংলা: কর্মক্ষমতা সর্বোচ্চ করা
👉 Example: Customising rackets is important for performance maximisation (কর্মক্ষমতা সর্বোচ্চ করার জন্য).
🔹 Elite (adj.) – the best or most skilled group
বাংলা: শ্রেষ্ঠ, উৎকৃষ্ট
👉 Example: The world’s elite (শ্রেষ্ঠ) players have special rackets.
🔹 Readily available (phrase) – easy to get or find
বাংলা: সহজলভ্য
👉 Example: The exact rackets are not readily available (সহজলভ্য) to the public.
🔹 Individually (adv.) – one by one; specially for one person
বাংলা: এককভাবে, ব্যক্তিগতভাবে
👉 Example: Each racket is individually (এককভাবে) made for the player.
🔹 Specifications (n.) – detailed descriptions of how something is made
বাংলা: স্পেসিফিকেশন, বিশদ বিবরণ
👉 Example: They are very particular about their racket specifications (স্পেসিফিকেশন).

A Day in the Life of Alex: A Journey Through Time

Present Tenses

Alex wakes up early every morning. (Present Simple – habitual action)
Right now, he is stretching his arms and yawning. (Present Continuous – action happening now)
He has already brushed his teeth. (Present Perfect – action with relevance to now)
He has been running for thirty minutes. (Present Perfect Continuous – action started in the past and still continuing)

Past Tenses

Yesterday, Alex woke up late. (Past Simple – completed action)
While he was brushing his teeth, his phone rang. (Past Continuous – ongoing action interrupted by another action)
By the time he left for work, he had already missed his bus. (Past Perfect – an action completed before another past action)
He had been waiting at the bus stop for 20 minutes before the next bus arrived. (Past Perfect Continuous – action continuing up to another past moment)

Future Tenses

Tomorrow, Alex will wake up early. (Future Simple – prediction)
At 8 AM, he will be jogging in the park. (Future Continuous – action in progress at a specific future time)
By noon, he will have completed his morning workout. (Future Perfect – action completed before a specific future time)
By the end of the month, he will have been training for a full year. (Future Perfect Continuous – ongoing action continuing up to a future time)

Mixed Sentences

Alex has been working as a software developer for five years, but he is planning to switch careers soon. He will start a full-stack development course next month. If he had known about this career path earlier, he would have started learning coding years ago.

মৃত্যুর চেয়ে
ভবিষ্যতের চিন্তা বেশি
অথচ মৃত্যুই ভবিষ্যৎ 😭

It was never luck, it was always Allah who made the impossible things possible!

"La ilaa ha illa Anta Subhaanaka inni kuntu minazzoaalimeen"

May Allah ease our conditions and relieve us of all difficulties. Ameen.

Always remember:

No matter which situation you're in right now, Allah chose it for you. Do not be sad, do not complain. Allah knows best and he will give you the best, even if it takes time. Be thankful for everything and say Alhamdulillah ❤️

Soon your Lord will give you so much that you will be happy.

[Surah Doha-05]

Alhamdulillah..! 🌻🍁