Medical Quiz:
āĻāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋ āĻāϏ ⧍⧠āĻŦāϰā§āώā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ-
āĻāĻāĻāύ ā§Šā§Ļ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ⧠āϰā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧠āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻāώā§āĻ āĻ wheezing-āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āϏāĻ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāύ āϰā§āĻā§āϰ airway obstruction reversible āύāĻžāĻāĻŋ irreversibleāĨ¤
*āĻā§āύ test āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§?
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āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ, āĻĄā§āύā§āĻāĻžāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻšā§āϞāĻĨ āϏāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āύā§āϏā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§āύ Learn Physiology with Dr. Hasanat-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§āĨ¤
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Dear students, put your answer in the comment box.
Q. Which transport process requires a carrier protein but does not require ATP?
A. Primary active transport
B. Secondary active transport
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Exocytosis
Answer:?
âŗBasal Insulin and Fasting Blood Glucose
đFasting blood glucose (FBG) is primarily regulated by basal insulin secretion.
đBasal insulin suppresses hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis) during fasting.
đIf basal insulin secretion is inadequate, the liver releases excessive glucose, causing an increase in fasting blood glucose.
Basal InsulinââHepatic Glucose OutputââFasting Blood Glucoseâ
Blood is a specialized form of connective tissue.
đWhy connective tissue?
đWhy specialized?
Cortisol prevents early stage of inflammation by-
lysosomal membranes
permeability of capillaries
migration of WBC cells
the immune system
release of interleukin-1 from WBC
Ref: Guyton and Hall 14th Ed. Page :965
physiology with Dr. Hasanat
Justify blood as a specialized connective tissue.
Genesis of steroid hormone (Part-1): Covered by Dr. Hasanat.
Part-2 Coming soon!
# Function of Insulin #
- Dr. Hasanat.
Net result:
1.Decrease blood glucose conc.
2. Protein synthesis
3. Fat synthesis
4. Inhibit protein & fat catabolism.
Discussion:
Insulin āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāϞ blood āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāĻ fuel āϝā§āĻŽāύ glucose, amino acid āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ potassium āĻā§ cell āĻāϰ āĻā§āϤāϰ⧠āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϏāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋāϰ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ āϰāĻžāύā§āύāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋāϤ⧠āύāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāϏā§! So insulin
đincrease uptake of glucose, amino acid & k+ into the insulin sensitive tissues. (Rapid action of insulin)
āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻŽā§āύā§āϤ⧠āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§āϰ āĻĒāĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻā§ āĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§ā§āĻž āĻšā§! insulin āĻ āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āύāĻž!!!! āϤāĻžāĻ cell āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāϤāϰ glucose & amino acid āĻā§, āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϞāĻžāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻ insulin āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦā§đ
āĻāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŋ insulin āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŦ responsible, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ fuel store āĻāϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§!
so, insulin āĻŦāϞāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ glucose āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻā§ store āĻāϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§! āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻŽāĻžāϏ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ⧠fuel āĻāϰ crisis āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§! Glucose āĻāϰ storage form āĻšāϞ glycogen āϝāĻž liver & muscle āĻ store āĻāϰ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āϝāĻžā§ . So insulin stimulate glycogenesis in Liver & muscle but inhibit glycogenolysis!
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋ glucose utilize āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻāύ energy production āĻāϰ⧠( glycolysis)! glycolysis āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ glucose utilize āĻāϰ⧠energy demand meet up āĻšāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ glucose āĻ
āĻŦāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āϤāĻžāĻā§ fat āĻ convert āĻāϰ⧠in adipose tissue & LiverāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§ā§āĻāύ āĻāϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻžā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ carbohydrate āĻāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ fatty āĻšāĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āύ đ!
āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ⧠amino acid āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŦāĻž! amino acid āĻā§āϞāĻž protein āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϞāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ! (protein synthesis)
āĻāϰ āĻāĻŦāϰāĻĻāĻžāϰ āύāϤā§āύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻā§āϞāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§āĻž āĻā§āύ glucose āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻŦāĻž āύāĻž (inhibit gluconeogenesis)!
āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāĻŋ āĻā§ā§āĻžāϞ āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻž hormone sensitive lipase āϝā§āύ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ Fat āĻāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āĻāĻāĻā§ Fat āĻ āϤā§āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻžāϰā§āύ āϞāĻžāĻā§đ
(Effective for 1st n 2nd yr students or 1st prof examines)
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