An Effort By Gazi Mofazzel Hossain

SUMMARY
Dreams
D. H. Lawrence
All people dream, but not equally,
Summary: All people do not dream equally. Some People dream in sleep in the subconscious state. It is all fake. But some people dream consciously. They are sincere to their dreams and they reach their target.

Dreams
Langston Hughes
Hold fast to dreams
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Summary: Man should hold his dream strongly because if a man loses his dream, he cannot move forward. He turns into a broken winged bird. He becomes a person like a barren field that cannot produce anything.
The Schoolboy
William Blake
I love to rise in a summer morn,
Summary: A school boy tells of his experience in the school. All his joys at summer morning fade away when he thinks of going t school. The school is very unpleasant to him. The teachers are tired, unkind and cruel to students. The lesson is tasteless and tiring. He cannot pay attention to the lesson. Rather his mind loiters about outside the classroom. He tries to convince his parents to rescue him from the unhappy environment of the school. He pleads with examples of buds, flowers and tender plants that if his youthful spirits are spoiled, he will not be prepared for the future. He will not be able to withstand the hard realities of life.

SUMMARY
Those Winter Days
Robert Hayden
Sundays too my father got up early
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Summary: The poet's father got up early in the morning and did the routine work like warming the house. He prepared the writer for school. All he did out of responsibility and love. But his expression of love was natural and unostentatious. All his services went unthanked because the poet could not realize the soft corner of his father inside his hard behaviour. Now the poet gets nostalgic and can feel his father.

Paragraph : Public vs Private University

In Bangladesh three types of educational institutions provide tertiary education. They are public universities, private universities and colleges affiliated with the National University. But most students rush for independent universities and obviously almost all of them prefer public universities. Both public universities and private universities offer the same subjects but there are lots of differences between them. In private universities education is very expensive. Only students of affluent families can avail themselves of the opportunity there. But students can study public universities at a nominal cost. Because, the government gives subsidies to the public universities. But no private university can enjoy such subsidies. Rather, they have to pay taxes, vats etc. to the government. Then public universities do complimentary courses with the main subject. So, their courses become wider and more effective. Whereas, private universities tend to limit their courses. So, most often they avoid complimentary courses. To speak of teachers: the best scholars of the country join public universities as teachers while private universities do not get such scholars as teachers. Most often they get the courses done by part time teachers or retired teachers. As a result they cannot ensure quality education like the public universities. In regard to facilities: public universities have better library facilities, wider research opportunities , bigger stipends and scholarships for the students which are not available in private universities. In addition, a public university has a big campus containing residential halls, play grounds, ponds and green vegetation which are beyond imagination in a private university. Public universities have funds for different cultural and co-curricular activities and students can enjoy better entertainment opportunities. In private universities such opportunities are very limited. Moreover, public universities have wider recognition than most private universities. The good thing in private universities is that they complete the courses in time. There is no session jam in private universities. But students sometimes suffer from session jam in public universities. Most private universities do not allow political activities. So, a tranquil academic atmosphere prevails in private universities. On the contrary, unhealthy political practices, chaos, violence etc. hamper the academic atmosphere of public universities. Finally, students have a wider circle in public universities than private universities which become helpful for them in the latter life. In conclusion, we have too many students for our public universities. Hence, there is the need for private universities. Private universities are also playing significant roles in higher education along with the public universities.

Censorious: 3
English For Today (for class 11 and 12)
Unit - 1/Lesson - 1
"Observe the general strike we have called peacefully." ---এই বাক্যটি বঙ্গবন্ধুর ভাষণের ৭ম প্যারা থেকে নেয়া হয়েছে। এই বাক্যটি ব্যকরণগত দিক থেকে শুদ্ধ নয়। এখানে দুটো clause আছে। clause দুটি নিম্নরূপ: Observe the general strike peacefully. ----main clause. (That) we have called.--- subordinate adjective clause. এই clause টি main clause এর 'general strike' কে modify করছে।
Analysis: peacefully adverb টি main clause verb ’observe’ কে modify করে। সুতরাং উহাকে main clause এর সাথে ব্যবহার করতে হবে। কিন্তু উহাকে subordinate clause সাথে ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। এটা ব্যকরণ সম্মত নয়। এখানে সমস্যা হলো main clause এর শেষে adverb টি ব্যবহার করলে এর পরে adjective clause ব্যবহার করা যাচ্ছে না। এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে নিয়ম হলো ঐ adverb টি main clause এর শুরুতে নিয়ে আসা। সেক্ষেত্রে sentence টি নিম্নরূপ হলে শুদ্ধ হয়:
Peacefully observe the general strike we have called.

Censorious - 2: English For Today: Unit - 1: Lesson - 1
বঙ্গ বন্ধুর ৭ মার্চ এর ভাষণের একটা বাক্য এরকম: “কী অন্যায় করেছিলাম, নির্বাচনে বাংলাদেশের মানুষ সম্পূর্ণভাবে আমাকে আওয়ামী লীগকে ভোট দেন।”
বইটিতে এই বাক্যটির অনুবাদ করা হয়েছে এরূপ: “What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the Awami League."
অনুবাদের প্রথম বাক্যটির অনুরূপ সর্বজন স্বীকৃত দুইট প্রবাদ বাক্য খেয়াল করূণ:
What is lotted cannot be blotted. What cannot cured must be endured.
প্রবাদ বাক্য দুটিতে দেখা যাচ্ছে যে, বাক্য শুরূ হয়েছে what দিয়ে এবং পরে কোন that নেই। এটাই ঠিক। কারণ what এমন একটি relative pronoun যার কোন antecedent থাকে না। what এর মধ্যেই antecedent ও অন্য একটি relative pronoun, that বা which নিহিত থাকে। কিভাবে তা লক্ষ করূণ:
Something that is lotted cannot be blotted. Something/diseases that cannot be cured must be endured.
তাছাড়া বক্তব্যের বাক্যটি কো প্রশ্ন নয়। এটা এক ধরণের খেদোক্তি। এর অনুবাদ হওয়া উচিৎ: " What wrong we did, at the elections, the people of Bangladesh absolutely voted for me; for the Awami League."
বইয়ের অনুবাদে দেখা যাচ্ছে, ‘নির্বাচনে’ শব্দটির জন্য after the elections ইংরেজি ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। কিন্তু এটা হওয়া কথা at the elections.

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Juvelile Deliquency
The term juvelile refers to persons who are not adult. The term deliquency means law breaking or wrong doing. So, the phrase 'Juvenile Deliquency' indicates offences done by young people. The phrase also means immoral behaviour or action done by young people. The main business of the juvenile persons is to study. Along with studies, they should mould a moral character. They may get involved in different social activities at crisis moments of the nation. But nowadays some young people are getting derailed and being involved in immoral as well as criminal activities. There are many reasons behind juvenile delinquencies. Firstly, lack of proper treatment with children in the family pushes them out of the track. Secondly, want of healthy and friendly environment in educational institutions make some young students truants and then they go under the control of wrong-doers senior to them. Thirdly, some movies and television serials encourage young ones to show heroism by doing wrongs in filmy ways. Misuse of social media like face book also do the same to the young people with weak morality. Young people form groups to commit such crimes. Fourthly, the god fathers of the crime world take hold of the derailed youngsters and make them do different criminal activities. Juvenile delinquencies include violent activities, eve-teasing, extorting money by threatening, stabbing, hijacking, killing and so on. Derailed young people go under the clutches of big brothers in the crime world. They begin to take drugs. When they get dependent on drugs, they carry drugs for their big boss' drug business. Even they do different killing mission designed by their bosses. Immoral politicians also keep juvenile gangs to get their evil motives done. They use those juveniles to sn**ch away win in the elections. However, juvenile delinquencies are not treated as the crimes done by adult people. There are juvenile courts for juvenile delinquents. Juvenile delinquents are usually sent to different correction centers for the young offenders. But the more important point is how to stop such juvenile delinquencies. Family elders must be more conscious about dealing with young ones. They should pass more time with the young children. They should also keep an eye on their movement and the people with whom they are mixing. Teachers in educational institutions should be loving and caring so that young students can share their problems with them. Educational institutions should increase co-curricular activities. They should find out every student's interest and talent and persuade him to get involved in that activitiy. In fine, co-ordinated efforts of parents, other family elders, community elders, teachers and the other people concerned can prevent juvenile people from going astray and also can stop juvenile delinquencies.