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Confined space means a space that:
(1) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and
(2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry.); and
(3) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Reference:
OSHA 1910.146(b)- Definitions

Lock out, tag out or lockout–tagout (LOTO) is a safety procedure used to ensure that dangerous equipment is properly shut off and not able to be started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or repair work.

Why is lockout/tag out important?
Safety devices such as barrier guards or guarding devices are installed on systems to maintain worker safety while these systems are being operated. When activities such as maintenance, repair, or set-up or the removal of jams, clogs or misaligned feeds are performed, these safety devices may be removed if other controls are in place to reduce or eliminate the hazards.
A lockout/tag out program and procedures for these scenarios will reduce the risk of injury due to the unintended or inadvertent release of hazardous energy.
Compliance with the lockout/tagout standard prevents an estimated 120 fatalities and 50,000 injuries each year.

Lockout Procedure:
1. Prepare for Shutdown
2. Notify all Affected Personnel
3. Equipment Shutdown
4. Isolation of System (De-energization)
5. Dissipation (Removal) of Residual or Stored Energy
6. Lockout/Tag Out
7. Verify Isolation
8. Perform Maintenance or Service Activity
9. Remove Lockout/Tag out devices

Note: Never attempt lockout/tagout procedures unless your employer has trained and certified you under an approved Energy Control Program. Never loan or share your lock, combination, or key with anybody else. Please always ensure all lockout/tagout devices are compatible with the environment in which they will be used i.e. corrosive, humid, etc.

References:
1. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS), Health and Safety Programs, Lockout/Tag out
2. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)- 29 CFR 1910.147
3. Lockout/Tagout OSHA Fact Sheet, U.S. Department of Labor OSHA 2002
4. The Canadian Standards Association's standard- CSA Z460

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