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A criminal psychologist acts as a bridge between psychology and the justice system, focusing on why crimes happen and how to deal with offenders.

27/08/2025

1. Penal Code, 1860 (Section 84)
• Recognizes the “insanity defense”, where individuals not knowing the nature or wrongfulness of their actions due to unsoundness of mind cannot be held criminally responsible.   .

2. Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1898
• Contains provisions for handling accused persons of unsound mind:
• Section 465–471: Lays out procedures for determining mental incapacity, postponing trial, and detaining such individuals.  .
• Section 509, 509A, 176(2), 510: Allow courts to use medical and forensic expert statements (including mental health professionals) as part of evidence—without requiring the witness’s physical presence. .

3. Evidence Act, 1872
• Section 45: Permits testimony from experts in science or art—including forensic findings (such as handwriting, fingerprint, or psychiatric evaluations)—to be admitted in court. .

4. Mental Health Act, 2018
• Replaced the outdated Lunacy Act of 1912.
• Addresses mental health care, rehabilitation, and rights of individuals with mental illness but doesn’t specifically empower forensic psychologists in criminal contexts. Nevertheless, it’s an important touchpoint for any mental health-related judicial assessments.

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