Internal Medicine

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Biologics in Asthma

Biologics in Asthma

✅Omalizumab: For allergic asthma with elevated IgE

✅Mepolizumab/Reslizumab: For eosinophilic asthma

✅Benralizumab: For eosinophilic asthma, especially when rapid eosinophil depletion is desired

✅Dupilumab: For eosinophilic asthma with high FeNO, and in patients with comorbid atopic diseases

✅Tezepelumab: Most broadly applicable, can be used regardless of eosinophil count or allergic status

Asthma exacerbation

Asthma-COPD Overlap

Asthma

To test if data is normally distributed, you can use both visual and statistical methods:

➡️➡️ Visual Methods

1️⃣ Histogram: A bell-shaped curve suggests normality.

2️⃣ Q-Q Plot (Quantile-Quantile Plot): Points falling approximately along a straight line indicate normality.

3️⃣ Boxplot: Symmetrical box and whiskers without many outliers suggest normality.

➡️➡️ Statistical Tests

1️⃣ Shapiro-Wilk Test

👉Best for: small to moderate sample sizes (< 2000)

👉 Null Hypothesis (H₀): Data is normally distributed

👉 p > 0.05 → fail to reject H₀ → data is likely normal

2️⃣ Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (with Lilliefors correction)

👉 Used for: all sample sizes

👉 p > 0.05 → data is likely normal

3️⃣ Anderson-Darling Test

👉 Provides critical values for different significance levels

👉 Better for detecting deviations in tails

4️⃣ D’Agostino and Pearson Test

👉 Combines skewness and kurtosis

👉 Useful for large datasets

➡️ Summary

👉 Visual methods help get an idea.

👉 Statistical tests confirm normality.

👉 Always combine both for a reliable conclusion.

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