Bangladesh Youth Space Education Society

Pluto has been a part of the Solar System, till 2006 when it was labeled as a ‘Dwarf Planet’. Located at the furthest of the Solar System, it also is one of the coldest planets. But interesting fact about it is that scientists have almost ensured there’s an ocean beneath the surface of Pluto. Crazy right?
While our present day earth was just a surface of molten lava, forming it’s base, Pluto and it’s ocean were already forming. The current day Pluto has thick chunks of ice all around it. But what scientists discovered was through New Horizons s**cecraft, which revealed a complex and active surface geology from under the thick ice. Scientists then thought it to be an ocean. After years of research, scientists conclude that as Pluto was forming, it was gathering rocks and chunks of ice from the s**ce very slowly, gradually becoming big. Done that, the internal energy of Pluto caused the ice to melt inside and thus create a body of ocean beneath the thick ice. Further this was backed by revealing that the bottom of the ocean of Pluto could be explained by the decay of radioactive elements. This discovery truly unraveled a whole lot of questions for astrobiology, scientists till then have been on the work for more future discoveries!
















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Ever wondered how sailors from the early age used to navigate through the mighty oceans without a GPS or perhaps, a compass? Quite mesmerising isn’t it? Well till the enthusiastic sailors decided not to memroise shores for navigating and chose to rather dig deep into the oceans and travel, they started to realise their only hope for navigation were “stars, sun and moon”.
Constellations became actually a thing among sailors in the past, they started to memorise patterns of constellations, started to learn mathematical equations and trigonometry to calculate elevations of stars in the night sky. They also needed a general sense of knowledge of constellations to figure which direction they are facing depending on the sky. The most important star is probably the Polaris, commonly known as the Pole Star or simply, North Star. It is located at the tip of the constellation ‘The Little Dipper’. It can easily be found by finding the Big Dipper in the Northern Sky. No matter where you are in the Northern Hemisphere, if you are looking at the Polaris means you are looking towards North! You can also notice Orion’s Belt nearby lower in the sky, which indicates winter is coming!.

We all are amazed by the beauty of Auroras. The brightest auroras of our solar system are found on the largest planet of our solar system which is Jupiter.

Jupiter's auroras also emit X-rays due to the ions surfing electromagnetic wave⚛ and fluctuations of Jupiter's magnetic field 🧲.

The mechanism works like this:
Electrically charged atoms, or ions, are surfing electromagnetic waves in Jupiter's magnetic field down into the gas giant's atmosphere.

To learn more check out the
📎Juno Mission.









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99 percent of our solar system's mass is the sun.

Our star, the sun, is so dense that it accounts for a whopping 99 percent of the mass of our entire solar system. That's what allows it to dominate all of the planets gravitationally.

Technically, our sun is a "G-type main-sequence star" which means that every second, it fuses approximately 600 million tons of hydrogen to helium. It also converts about 4 million tons of matter to energy as a byproduct.

When the sun dies, it will become a red giant and envelop the Earth and everything on it. But don't worry, that won't happen for another 5 billion years.















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A quasar is a region of spectacular luminosity at the center of a galaxy, powered by a supermassive black hole, with a mass that exceeds that of our sun by millions or billions.

Quasars are formed when gaseous matter is drawn by gravitations forces towards a supermassive black hole. As this gas approaches the black hole, it forms an ‘accretion disk’ which orbits the black hole. Energy is released from the disk in the form of electromagnetic radiation, and it is this radiation that produces the quasar’s luminosity.










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Robert Goddard, American Physicist, was the first person to build the Liquid Propulsion System for Rocket. Liquid propulsion system consists of two separate propellants: Fuel and Oxydizer. Combustion of the Fuel takes place under the presence an Oxydizer. These propellants are stored in High Pressure, and Low Temperature. These are known as Cryogenic Propellants. These have Specific Impulse of about 200 to 450, which results in an exhaust velocity of about 4000m/s. We will get back to you with the description of different type of propellants.

Some simple Planetary Sciences ☀️🪐

Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system and has an average surface temperature of around 450° C. But Venus isn't the closest planet to the Sun, it is Mercury. You would think that Mercury would then be the hottest, but Mercury has no atmosphere (which regulates temperature), resulting in big fluctuations. On the other hand, Venus has a thick atmosphere (more than 90 times than that of Earth) which makes the surface of it hotter because the heat doesn't escape back into s**ce.










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The interaction of two doomed stars has created this spectacular ring adorned with bright clumps of gas ­– a diamond necklace of cosmic proportions. Fittingly known as the “Necklace Nebula,” this planetary nebula is located 15,000 light-years away from Earth in the small, dim constellation of Sagitta (the Arrow).










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BYSES team wishes you all Eid Mubarak! May this Eid Bring you joy, prosperity and happiness all in all. Stay home and stay safe!

Incase you ever, you know, build a rocket 🚀,

Do you know about Galloping Gertie? Yes, it is the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, that collapsed because of Resonance. You may ask, "What is this Resonance thing?" When an object oscillates with the maximum amplitude because of constructive interference is called the Resonance. Rockets can also go through this type of destruction due to the frequency of the launch vehicle. To tackle this resonance, the rule is that the frequency of the s**cecraft will have to be greater than that of the launcher. To increase the frequency of the s**cecraft, the thickness of the body (cylindrical) structure should be taken into account depending on the selected material, its dimension, and Youngs Modulus (E). Finally, the required thickness is determined from this concept. This is how engineers use this concept to tackle Resonance to avoid destruction.

Something magical thanks to Astrochemistry🌌🔮

Just as colors are made more dramatic in sunsets on Earth, sunsets on Mars, according to NASA, would appear bluish to human observers watching from the red planet. Fine dust makes the blue near the Sun's part of the sky much more visible, while normal daylight makes the Red Planet's familiar rusty dust color the most perceptible to the human eye.

Some clarifications in Rocketry🚀🛰:

Launch Vehicles are used to send s**cecrafts/satellites into any orbit or further. These vehicles are designed in such a way that it will have the necessary energy to put any object in a selected orbit or can provide the sufficient energy to escape the gravitational force of Earth.

On the other hand, Sounding Rockets are used to study the upper atmosphere. These rockets don't have enough energy to put something in an orbit. Sounding Rockets are somewhat equivalent to High Power Rockets, but operates with more power.