Career Help Center

https://www.teachers.gov.bd/blog/details/751661

ICT in Education

English Grammar and Composition, English Second paper, Affirmative to Negative Part-1, Class:IX-XII After completing the lesson, the students will be able to---Differ conversation or transformationLearn the definition of transformation of sentenceTra...

1. Identify the adjectives :
a) Haider ali is a notorious manager.
b)Bangladesh is a plain land.
c) I know this man.
d) Each student goes to school by bus.
e) Every person wants to be free.

2. Make a sentence with every following adjectives:
Much, many, some, no, none, enough.

বিচক্ষণ নেতা ঠিকই বুঝতে পেরেছেন। কিন্তু গর্দভ নেতাকর্মীরা মনে করতেছে ক্ষমতায় চলে আসছে।

Tag Question
কথোপকথনের সময় Sentence এর শেষে যে, একটি সমর্থন সূচক প্রশ্ন সংযোগ করা হয় তাকে Tag Question বলে।

Rule:-01
সাহায্যকারী verb + Subject বসাতে হবে।
Rule:-02
Sentence টি হ্যাঁ বোধক হলে, না বোধক এবং না বোধক হলে হ্যাঁ বোধক করার সময় সাহায্যকারী verb সাথে n`t বসাতে হবে।
Rule:-03
Let us/ let's থাকলে shall we হবে।
Let's go to the wedding ceremony.
Rule:- 04
Sentece টি যদি Imperative হয় তাহলে Will you হবে।

Attend the class in time.
Shut the door.
Rule:- 05
Subject যদি some body/ someone/ everybody/ every one/ any one/ any body হয় তাহলে tag এ Subject "they" হয়।
Sombody is responsible for this works.
Don't they?

Someone is coming. Aren't they?
Nobody asked for me. Did they?

Rule:- 06
Sentence টি তে যদি hardly/ barely/ rarely/ scareely/ seldom/ little/ few থাকে তাহলে tag এ হ্যাঁ বোধক হবে।
Because of some barriers, we go the Concert rarely.

Rule:- 07
Let her/ him/ them/ me থাকে এবং place/ kindly থাকে তাহলে tag এ will you হয়।
Let him go. Will you?

Rule:- 08
Subject যদি বস্তুবাচক এবং ইতর বাচক হয় তাহলে tag এ it হয় ।

Rule:- 09
ইতর বাচক প্রাণী বহু বচন হলে Tag এ Subject "they" হয়।

Rule:-10
something/ anything/ everything/ nothing/ thing থাকলে Subject হিসেবে it হবে।

Rule:-11
Subject এ Noun থাকলে tag এ Pronoun হবে।

Rule:-12
সাহায্যকারী verb "am" হলে tag এ aren't হয়।

Rule:-13
verb এর সাথে s/es থাকলে tag এ subject যদি they থাকে তাহলে সাহায্যকারী verb "do" হয়।

Rule:-14
Subject যদি all of us/ none of us/ some of us/ any of us/ many of us/ each of us/ every of us হয় tag এ subject হিসেবে "we" হয়।

Rule:-15
Subject যদি all of you/ none of you/ some of you/ any of you/ many of you/ each of you/ every of you হয় tag এ subject হিসেবে "you" হয়।

Rule:-16
Subject যদি all of them/ none of them/ some of them/ any of them/ many of them/ each of them/ every of them হয় tag এ subject হিসেবে "they" হয়।

Rule:-17
Tag Questions এ একাধিক sentence থাকলে উত্তর করার সময় মুল sentence টির Tag নির্ণয় করতে হয়।

Tag Questions এ সাহায্যকারী verb এর ব্যাবহার

Do =don't
does= doesn't
did =didn't
am =aren't
is=isn't
are= aren't
have = haven't
has =hasn't
was =wasn't
were =weren't
had =hadn't
can=can't
could = couldn't
will =won't
shall = shan't
would =wouldn't
should =shouldn't
ought to =oughtn't

Positive -Comparative -Superlative :

Subject verb agreement:

1) কোন Sentence এ Subject singular হলে verb ও singular হবে। কিন্তু subject plural হলে verb ও plural হবে।
The elevator works very well.
The elevators work very well.
Jamil enjoys the lecture.
Many students are there.
A selection of Nazrul's poem has been published in the Journal.

2) কোন senrence এ একাধিক singular subject and দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে এবং একই ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা সমষ্টিগত ধ্যান-ধারনাকে বুঝালে verb singular হবে।
Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.
Slow and steady wins the race.
The principal and secretary of the College is coming.

3) কোন senrence এ একাধিক singular subject and দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে এবং পৃথক পৃথক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝালে /প্রতিটি subject এর the থাকলে verb plural হবে।
The principal and the secretary of the College are coming.
Rony and Jony are two friends.

4) Any, anyone, anything, anybody, nobody, every, everyone, everything, everybody, someone, somebody, something, nothing, no, no one, more than one, one of, each of, none of, either of, Neither of ইত্যাদি কোন বাক্যে subject হিসেবে ব্যবহ্ত হলে verb singular হবে।
Each boy and girl has got a prize.
None of them knows the matter.
Neither of the two boys is present.

5. Either... or, Neither... nor অথবা or, বা nor দ্বারা যুক্ত বাক্যে or বা nor এর পরের subject singular হলে verb singular হবে, এবং or বা nor এর পরের subject
Plural হলে verb plural হবে।
Either Fariha or her sister is present.
Neither he nor his brothers are present.

6) As well as, in addition to, including, with, along with, together with, accompanied by, no less than ইত্যাদি দ্বারা দুটি subject যুক্ত হলে পুর্ববর্তী subject অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
Arina as well as her friends sings well.
The teachers along with his student are busy.
The teacher with four students has gone there.

7) এক জাতীয় সবাইকে বুঝাতে noun এর পুর্বে the বসালে verb singular হবে। কিন্তু এক জাতীয় সবাইকে বুঝাতে adjective এর পুর্বে the বসালে verb plural হবে।
The cow is a domestic animal.
The rich are not always happy.

8) Distance, time, weight..... এর ক্ষেত্রে verb singular হবে।
Ten miles is a long distance.
Sixty cents of it is in pennies.

9) People, public, peasantry, mankind, Aristocracy, cattle, poultry ইত্যাদি plural হওয়ায় এদের পর plural verb হয়।
Cattle are grazing.
People are gossiping in the field.
The peasantry in Bangladesh is poor.

10) Uncountable noun..... এর পর singular verb হয়।
No news is good news.
A huge quantity of sugar was exported.

11) নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যাবাচক Adjective (pair, dozen, hundred, thousand etc....) noun এর পূর্বে বসলে verb singular হবে।
A pair of shoes was bought.
A dozen of pens was distributed among us.

12) fraction এর সাথের subject uncountable হলে/ subject countable হলে এবং এর লব 1 হলে verb singular হবে। কিন্তু fraction এর সাথের subject countable হলে এবং এর লব 1 ভিন্ন অন্য সংখ্যা হলে verb plural হবে
Three-fourths of the people have gone.
One-fourths of the people has gone.
Three-fourths of the work has been finished.

13) A number of +plural verb কিন্তু The number of+ singular verbs হবে।
The number of people was very high.
A number of people were gone.

14) Collective noun দ্বারা অখণ্ড সমষ্টি বুঝালে verb singular কিন্তু খন্ডিত বুঝালে verb plural হবে।
The committee has approved the bill.
The committee were divided into their opinion.

15) Antecedent এর ক্ষেত্রে,
You are the man who have always troubled me.
He is the man who has obtained GPA-5.
It is I who am to blame.
It is you who are to attend the meeting.

16) Many +plural subject, plural verb কিন্তু, Many a+ singular subject, singular verb.
Many a man has tried to the best for success
Many men have gone there to help him.

17) When subject and verb are separated by the prepositional phrase, the prepositional phrase has no effect.
The study of languages is very interesting.
Several theories on this subject have been proposed.

18) Impersonal 'one' যদি বাক্যের Subject থাকে তাহলে Pronoun টিও Impersonal অর্থাৎ One's হবে।
One should be careful about one’s duty.

19) Everyone, everybody, nobody, each, either, neither, a person ইত্যাদি Subject হলে তাদের pronoun singular হবে।
Everybody should respect his parents.

20) Introductory 'There' এর পরের verb singular হবে যদি তার পরের Subject singular হয়। কিন্তু,
Introductory 'There' এর পরের verb plural হবে যদি তার পরের Subject plural হয়।
There is a playground in front of our College.
There are three academic buildings in our College.

Some rules of the Right form of verbs :

1. Present Indefinite Tense এর subject যদি third person singular number হয় তাহলে verb এর শেষে s, es যোগ হবে। কিন্তু অন্য কোন tense এর ক্ষেত্রে হবে না।

He eats rice.
He plays football.
Present Indefinite Tense এর subject যদি plural number হয় তাহলে verb এর শেষে s/es যোগ হবে না।

They play football.
They eat rice.

2. Present Indefinite Tense এর subject, third person singular number হলেও সেটি যদি negative sentence হয় তাহলে does not ব্যবহৃত হবে। তখন verb এর শেষে s/es যোগ হবেনা।

He does not go to school.
Ashish does not eat rice.

3. Past tense or future tense হলে verb এর শেষে s/es যোগ হবে না। তখন সেই tense এর structure অনুযায়ী verb বসবে।

He went to school.
He will go to school.

4. Modal Auxiliary verb (যেমন: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, have to, must etc.) এর পরে verb এর present form বসে এবং verb এর সাথে কোন কিছু যোগ হয় না।

He can do the work.
I shall go to the school.
You must come home.
He should study hard.

5. বাক্যটি যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) হয়, habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কাজ) বোঝায় তাহলে present indefinite tense হবে।

The sun rises in the east.
Ice floats on water.

6. Sentence এ Now, at present, at this moment, day by day ইত্যাদি থাকলে সেটি
present continuous tense হয়।
Boys are playing cricket in the field now.
Day by day, we are losing our national resources.
At present, he is doing the sums.

7. Sentence টি passive voice হলে এবং modal auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare, have to, must etc.) এর পরে be + past participle form of verb বসে।

It can be done by you.
All the fruits could be taken.

8. Had, rather, let, would better, had better, need not, do not, does not, did not, did never, ইত্যাদি এর পর present form of verb বসে।

I let them use my shoes.
I had better go to the market by this time.
I need not do the work.

9. বাক্যে have/has থাকলে সেটি present perfect tense হবে।

He has done the work.
They have eaten rice.

10. Sentence এ just, just now , already, yet, ever, lately, recently ইত্যাদি থাকলে present perfect tense হবে।

He has taken his lunch just now.
They have already come home.
I have met him recently.

11. Sentence এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last year, last week, last month, that day, day before, ইত্যাদি থাকলে past indefinite tense হবে।

He came home
I went to Cox's Bazar last month.
A long time ago, there lived a poor farmer.

12. To এর পরে সবসময় verb এর present form বসে।

You need to do the work in time.
He went to the market to buy a shirt.

13. Since বা for এর পর সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকলে সেটি present perfect continuous tense হবে।

He has been doing the work since the morning.
It has been raining for two hours.

14. If দ্বারা যুক্ত clause টি যদি present indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি future indefinite tense হবে।

If he comes, I’ll go.
If you work hard, you’ll shine in life.

15. With a view to/look forward to, object to, confess to, accustomed to এর পর verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হবে।

I’m looking forward to getting a job.
I went shopping with a view to buying a shirt.

16. By এর পর verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হবে।

She expressed her feelings by crying.
By digging the land, she planted trees.

17. For, of, in, without, with, before, after ইত্যাদি preposition এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।

I’ve never been tired of going there.
She can’t go without waiting for me.

18. Mind, would you mind, past, worth, could not help, cannot help এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।

Would you mind giving me the book?
He cannot help doing the assignment.

19. Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পর could বসে এবং এরপর verb এর present form বসে।

Would that I could be a writer like Humayun Ahmed.
Would that I could buy a Toyota car.

20. To be/having/got থাকলে verb এর past participle form হয়।

The assignment is to be completed immediately.
The thief ran away having seen the police.
I got the certificates sent by the Headmaster.

21. ব্র্যাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/was/were/been হবে।

It (be) two years ago.
It was two years ago.
Allah (be) everywhere.
Allah is everywhere.
One of my friends (be) an honest person.
One of my friends is/was an honest person.

22. বর্তমান কালে চলছে এমন কোন কাজ বোঝালে present continuous tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত at present/now/at the moment ইত্যাদি adverb ব্যবহৃত হয়।)

He is watching the Television at this moment.
They are playing football.
Now, they are doing their assignment.

23. If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite (if যুক্ত clause টি present indefinite tense হলে পরের clause টি হবে future indefinite)

If you come, I’ll go.
If you drink milk, you will be healthy.

24. যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি তে subject এর পর would/could/might বসে এবং verb এর present form হয়।

If he came, I would go to the market.
If I were rich enough, I would help the poor.
যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি তে subject এর পর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb এর past participle form হয়।

If he had come, I would have gone to the market.
If you had walked fast, you could have reached the station.

25. Wish/fancy/it is time/it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর past tense হবে।

I wish I won the first prize.
It is high time you changed your bad habits.
I fancy I flew in the sky.

26. As if/as though থাকলে were বসে।

He speaks as if he were the leader.
He acts as though he were a hero.

27. Each, every, everyone, any, anyone, many a, everybody, everything, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, someone, something, one of, either, neither ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর singular number ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Each of the students was present.
Every father dedicates his life to his children.
One of the students was very talented.
Neither of the two brothers was present in the class.

28. While এর পর verb থাকলে সেটির সাথে ing যোগ হয়।

While waIking in the zoo, I saw a tiger.

29. অতীত কালে কোন একটি কাজ বা ঘটনা চলা অবস্থায় অন্য একটি কাজ বা ঘটনা ঘটলে সেটির বর্ণনায় verb এর past indefinite tense হয়।
When I was sleeping, the phone rang.
He saw me when I was gong there.

30. অতীত কালে দুটি কাজ বা ঘটনা প্রায় একই সাথে সংঘটিত হয়েছিল বা ঘটেছিল এরুপ বুঝালে as soon as, when, while, as ইত্যাদির সাথে past indefinite tense হয়।
While she danced on the stage, I sang a melancholy.
As soon as he reached the station, the train left.
As the dog lay close to him, it found comfort there.

31. অনেক সময় একই স্থান, দৈর্ঘ্য বা পরিমাপ বোঝালে subject দেখতে plural মনে হলেও verb টি singular form হয়।

Twenty miles was a long way.
Two hundred miles is not a long distance in this modern era.

32. Main clause এর verb টি past tense হলে ও পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে subject এর পরে should/would বসে।

He told that he would go home the next week.
She said that she would buy land next year.

33. After এর পরের এবং before এর আগের clause টি past perfect tense হবে এবং অন্য clause টি past indefinite tense হবে।

The train had left the station before we reached.
The doctor came after the patient had died.

34. Passive voice এর সময় tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ও verb এর past participle form বসে।

English is spoken all over the world.
We are taught English.

35. অতীত এর কোন অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বুঝালে Verb এর past indefinite tense হয় এবং used to ব্যবহ্ত হয়। আর নিয়মিত অভ্যাস বুঝালে used to এর পরিবর্তে would বসে।
We used to go to Cinema.
He would play football before his marriage.

36. অসম্ভব ইচ্ছা বা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশক বাক্যে If +subject এর পরে be verb থাকলে were বসে, have -verb থাকলে had বসে, principal verb থাকলে এর past form বসে।
If I were a Millionaire.
I wish I sang.
If I had a iPhone.

37. ব্যতিক্রমগুলো ছাড়া Principle clause এর verb যদি past tense হয় তাহলে subordinate clause এর verb ও past tense হবে এবং একটি present tense হলে অন্যটিও present tense হবে।

He was so ill that he would not go to the school.
They understood that he would not come.