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Subject: Group Subject + Math
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Voice জানতে হলে কতগুলো জিনিস অবশ্যই জানা থাকতে তা হলো:
* Subject ও Object সম্পর্কে জানতে হবে।
* Strong verb ও Weak verb সম্পর্কে ভালো ধারনা থাকতে হবে।
* pronoun Tree সম্পর্কে ধারনা থাকতে হবে।
* Tense এর Structure সম্পর্কে ভালো ধারনা থাকতে হবে।
* Voice এ Auxiliary verb এর ব্যবহারের নিয়ম জানতে হবে।
* Voice এর সূত্র জানতে হবে।
এ সব বিষয় জানা থাকলে Voice করতে কোন সমস্যা হবে।

ইনশাআল্লাহ আমি প্রতিদিন আমার এ
পেইজে Voice নিয়ে আলাপ করব।

COMPLETING SENTENCES EXERCISES FOR SSC
1
(a) The beauty of a moon-lit night cannot —.
(b) It is —.
(c) It dazzles —.
(d) Everybody enjoys —.
(e) even little insects —.
Answer
(a) The beauty of a moon-lit night cannot be described in words.
(b) It is very charming.
(c) It dazzles our eyes.
(d) Everybody enjoys a moon-lit night.
(e) Even little insects fly here and there.
2
(a) There is nobody who —.
(b) Now-a-days flowers are used —.
(c) It is flowers which —.
(d) Now many people —.
(e) This will better the living condition —.
Answer
(a) There is nobody who doesn’t love flowers.
(b) Now-a-days flowers are used on various occasions.
(c) It is flowers which provide the opportunity to greet the respected guests.
(d) Now many people cultivate flowers.
(e) This will better the living condition of the poor flower sellers.
3
(a) Asif Ahmed is a student who is trying to —.
(b) He thinks he will complete —.
(c) His parents are —.
(d) They feel —.
(e) He should not —.
Answer-
(a) Asif Ahmed is a student who is trying to make a good result.
(b) He thinks he will complete all the subjects before march.
(c) His parents are also careful.
(d) They feel his absence.
(e) He should not miss the classes.
4
(a) Mujibnagar is a place which—.
(b) It is such a place where—
(c) There is a memorial which—
(d) There is a large Mosque where—.
(e) Let’s visit this place—.
Answer
(a) Mujibnagar is a place which is nice to look at.
(b) It is such a place where many people come.
(c) There is a memorial which has some pillars.
(d) There is a large Mosque where people say their prayers.
(e) Let’s visit this place as soon as possible.
5
(a) It is Asif Ahmed who —.
(b) I do not know what—.
(c) But I know the place where—.
(d) Though he is poor,—.
(e) It is he who—.
Answer
(a) It is Asif Ahmed who is a good boy.
(b) I do not know what his father’s name is.
(c) But I know the place where he has born.
(d) Though he is poor, he is honest.
(e) It is he who is the best player.
6
(a) A library is a place—.
(b) They help us—.
(c) A library is a source—.
(d) People gather knowledge—.
(e) It is we who—.
Answer
(a) A library is place where people go to gather knowledge.
(b) They help us in many ways.
(c) A library is a source that gives us knowledge.
(d) People gather knowledge from a library.
(e) It is we who should visit the library.
7
(a) It is spring which—.
(b) It is the time when—.
(c) The cuckoo sings sitting—.
(d) It is the song which—.
Answer
(a) It is Spring which is the best of all seasons.
(b) It is the time when the cuckoo sings.
(c) The cuckoo sings sitting on the branch of a tree.
(d) It is the song which is liked by all
8
(a) It is water which—.
(b) But is is polluted—.
(c) It is people who—.
(d) Men pollute—.
(e) So we should minimize—.
Answer
(a) It is water which is essential for life.
(b) But is polluted in many ways.
(c) It is people who are responsible for water pollution.
(d) Men pollute water.
(e) so we should minimize water pollution.
9
(a) It is health which—.
(b) A healthy poor man is happier than —.
(c) Though a healthy man is an asset, —.
(d) It is he who—.
(e) There is nobody who—.
Answer
(a) It is health which is wealth.
(b) A healthy poor man is happier than an unhealthy man.
(c) Though a healthy man is an asset, an unhealthy man is burden.
(d) It is he who can shine in life.
(e) There is nobody who must not be conscious of health.
10
(a) It is money which—.
(b) It is a must for—.
(c) It does not bring—.
(d) It is happiness which—.
(e) It is only moral and spiritual development that—.
Answer
(a) It is money which cannot buy happiness.
(b) It is a mus for our life.
(c) It does not bring our happiness.
(d) Is is happiness which is a mental thing.
(e) It is only moral and spiritral development that gives us happiness.
11
(a) An intellectual is one who—.
(b) he has to give light to others who—.
(c) He should—.
(d) An intellectual has the duty of—.
(e) The perception of the truth is—.
Answer
(a) An intellectual is one who is an enlightened person.
(b) He has to give light to others who are in need of it.
(c) He should come out of his ivory tower.
(d) An intellectual has the duty of seeing the truth and teaching it to others.
(e) The perception of the truth is almost the same as the perception of beauty.
12.
(a) We should `no’ to corruption because corruption is disgraceful.
(b) Corruption persons are not only dishonest but also criminals.
(c) Now, it is high time we removed corruption from the society.
(d) We should work together if we want to establish a corruption free society.
(e) But we are so self-centred that we always think of self-interest.
13.
(a) AIDS is a fatal disease which is incurable/is very dangerous.
(b) It is such a disease that leads the patient to death.
(c) The first AIDS patient was a man who worked in the Royal Navy.
(d) The doctors suggest that prevention is the only solution so far.
(e) There is no further remedy that can cure the patient.
(a) United we stand divided we fall.
(b) Don’t you know this wise saying?
(c) Unless you are united, you will not prosper.
d) The story of the old man and his sons teaches us that unity is strength.
e) It is high time we learnt the lesson.
14
(a) As flower is a symbol of love, beauty and purity, it is liked by all.
(b)There is hardly and person who does not hate a liar.
(c) We can turn our enemies into friends if we love them.
(d) It is said that those who do not love flowers are cruel.
(e) Many people cultivate flowers because they love flowers.

15.
(a) Since Bangladesh is an agricultural country her economy depends largely on agriculture.
(b) As her economy depends on agriculture, she needs to put emphasis on it.
(c) We have to develop cultivation scientifically so that we can grow more crops.
(d)Though our farmers work hard, they do not get what they need.
(e) They cannot improve their condition because they are poor and uneducated.
(a) We should be sincere because sincerity brings success.
(b)All great men are sincere and they become successful.
(c) If any work is not done properly, it will not result in success.
(d) But sincerity does not mean only to do any work properly; it also means to do any work honestly.e) Everybody must remember that without sincerity none can attain success.
16
(a) If we drink arsenic polluted water, we are sure to fall sick.
(b) Surface water is safe when it is boiled.
(c) Pond water is not safe as different types of filthy things are mixed with it.
(d)The illiterate people pf our country fall a prey to various diseases because they are not conscious of their health.
(e) Since there is scarcity of pure water, everybody living there fetches drinking water from the tubewell of the neighboring village.
17.
(a) A proverb goes that time and tide wait for none.
(b) If he makes the best use of his time, he will shine in life.
(c) But if he does otherwise, he is sure to lag behind in the race of life.
(d) If he once falls behind, he will not be able to compete with others.
(e) So he should make the use of his time so that he can be successful.
18.
(a) There goes a proverb that time tide wait for none.
(b) Though lost wealth can be regained by hard work, lost time can’t be regained.
c) Time is so valuable that we should not waste it.
(d) Those who have become great in life utilised their time properly.
(e) If we make the best use of time, we’ll shine in life.
19.
(a) I purchase books whenever I get the opportunity.
(b) On the 21st February I went to Ekushey Boi Mela which was organized at Bangla Academy.
(c) I went to the book fair so that I could buy books.
(d) There I found hundreds of book stalls where so many books ere nicely arranged.
(e) I was delighted that I could come close to renowned novelist Humayun Ahmed .
20.
(a) The sky is cloudy and the weather is gloomy.
(b) I think that it may rain.
(c) If it rains, I shall not go out.
(d)There are some boys who like to play in the rain.
(e) I don’t like to play in the rain because I may become sick.
21.
(a) A college is a seat of learning, so it should be calm and peaceful.
(b) It should be a clam and peaceful place where the students would be able to study attentively.
(c) But nowadays peaceful atmosphere is absent from the college because there are political violence’s and students clashes.
(d) The students who live in a noisy environment will face noise pollution.
(e) The sooner it can be controlled, the better the life will be.
1. (a) I do not like people who tell lies.
(b) I believe that everybody can shine in life.
c) I prefer wearing clean, ironed clothes and polished shoes.
d) People who are not punctual cannot shine in life.
e) I think those who are untidy in their lifestyle will lag behind.
14.
(a) Television serials are getting so popular that the children become addicted to them.
(b) Despite the widespread popularity, television serials have some demerits also.
(c) Those television programmes are affecting not only the attitudes of our youths but also
their dress style.
(d) Television programmes have to be entertaining as well as educative.
(e) By telecasting good programme, television can play a great role in respect of
entertainment.
15.
(a) Since Bangladesh is an over populated country, unemployment problem is acute here.
(b) Instead of being an asset, population has become a burden.

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ইনশাআল্লাহ প্রতিদিন English Grammar বিষয়ে পাঠ প্রদান করা হবে।

English Grammar

Voice Change (Passive to Active)


Voice-কে passive থেকে active করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:
Rule 1:
a) Passive voice-এর object active voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।

Passive voice’s object is changed to active voice’s subject.

b) Passive voice-এর subject Active voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।

Passive voice’s subject is changed to active voice’s object.

c) Subject এবং tense অনুসারে main verb বা এর past/ future রূপ ব্যবহার করা হয় verb-এর past participle-এর পরিবর্তে; auxiliary verb/ be verb এবং by উঠিয়ে দেয়া হয়।

Main verb or it’s past/ future form is used instead of verb’s past participle according to subject and tense; auxiliary verb/ be verb and by are being removed.

Example:

Designs are prepared by me. (Passive)
I prepare designs. (Active)
Rule 2:
⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:

a) Present- Subject-এর object+ am/is/are বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ am/is/are is removed+ Main verb instead of past participle according to subject+ by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I am supported by her. (Passive)
She supports me. (Active)
She is supported by me. (Passive)
I support her. (Active)
b) Past- Subject-এর object+ was/were বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর past form + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ was/were is removed+ Main verb’s past form instead of past participle + by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I was supported by her. (Passive)
She supported me. (Active)
They were supported by her. (Passive)
She supported them. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর object+ shall/will+ be বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে subject অনুযায়ী মূল verb by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ shall/will+ be is removed+ Main verb instead of past participle + by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I shall be assisted by her. (Passive)
She will assist me. (Active)
He will be assisted by her. (Passive)
She will assist him. (Active)
⇒ Continuous tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:

a) Present- Subject-এর object+ am/is/are+ being বাদ+ মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ am/is/are+ being is removed+ Main verb+ ing + by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I am being supported by her. (Passive)
She is supporting me. (Active)
He is being supported by her. (Passive)
She is supporting him. (Active)
They are being supported by her. (Passive)
She is supporting them. (Active)
b) Past- Subject-এর object+ was/were+ being বাদ + মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ was/were+ being is removed+ Main verb+ ing + by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I was being supported by her. (Passive)
She was supporting me. (Active)
They were being supported by her. (Passive)
She was supporting them. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর object+ shall/will + being বাদ+ মূল verb+ ing + by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ shall/will + being is removed+ Main verb+ ing + by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I shall be being supported by her. (Passive)
She will be supporting me. (Active)
They will be being supported by her. (Passive)
She will be supporting them. (Active)
⇒ Perfect tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:

c) Present- Subject-এর object+ has/have+ been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ has/have+ been is removed+ Verb’s past participle+ by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

He has been supported by her. (Passive)
She has supported him. (Active)
I have been supported by her. (Passive)
She has supported me. (Active)
b) Past- Subject-এর object+ had+ been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ had+ been is removed+ Verb’s past participle+ by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I had been supported by her. (Passive)
She had supported me. (Active)
c) Future- Subject-এর object+ shall have /will have + been বাদ+ Verb-এর past participle+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Subject’s object+ shall have /will have + been is removed+ Verb’s past participle+ by is removed+ Object’s subject

Example:

I shall have been supported by her. (Passive)
She will have supported me. (Active)
He will have been supported by her. (Passive)
She will have supported him. (Active)
Rule 3:
May/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to + be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ object-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:

Subject-এর object+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be বাদ+ past participle-এর পরিবর্তে মূল verb+ by বাদ+ Object-এর subject

Active voice’s structure in case of Sentence having may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to + be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ object

Subject’s object+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be is removed+ main verb instead of past participle+ by is removed + Object’s subject

Example:

You may be assisted by her. (Passive)
She may assist you. (Active)
The song must be sung by you. (Passive)
You must sing the song. (Active)
A picnic is going to be arranged by us. (Passive)
We are going to arrange a picnic. (Active)
Rule 4:
Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:

a) Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle-এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে+ Object-এর subject

Passive voice with this structure: Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle, will be turned into the active form in the following way-

Sentence will start with main verb+ Object’s subject

Example:

Let the design be prepared. (Passive)
Prepare the design. (Active)
b) Let not + Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Sentence “Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হবে+ মূল verb+ Object-এর subject

Passive voice with this structure: Let not + Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle will be turned into the active form in the following way-

Sentence will start with “Do not” + main verb+ Object’s subject

Example:

Let not the math be done. (Passive)
Do not do the math. (Active)
c) Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) - এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Let+ Personal object+ মূল verb+ Object-এর subject

Passive voice with this structure: Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) will be turned into active in the following way-

Let+ Personal object+ main verb+ Object’s subject

Example:

Let the poem be written by me. (Passive)
Let me write the poem. (Active)
Let the poem be written by him. (Passive)
Let him write the poem. (Active)
d) Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Never দিয়ে Sentence শুরু হবে+ মূল verb+ Object-এর subject

Passive voice with this structure: Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle will be turned into the active form in the following way-

Sentence will start with “Never” + main verb+ object’s subject

Example:

Let not anyone ever be (Passive)
Never mistreat anyone. (Active)
e) Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Sentence মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হবে+ personal object+ direct object

Passive voice with this structure: Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object (me/us/him/her/you/them) will be turned into active in the following way-

Sentence will start with the main verb+ personal object+ direct object

Example:

Let an eraser be given for (Passive)
Give me an eraser. (Active)
Rule 5:
Interrogative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর structure:

a) Sentence-এর শুরুতে auxiliary verb + Object’s subject+…. ……..+ by+ subject’s object+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (Tense অনুযায়ী করা)-এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Auxiliary verb+ Subject’s object+ Tense অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ + Object’s subject+?

Passive voice with this structure: auxiliary verb at the starting of sentence+ Object’s subject+…. ……..+ by+ subject’s object+ note of interrogation (Done according to Tense)

will be turned into the active voice in the following way-

Auxiliary verb+ Subject’s object+ verb’s form according to Tense+ Object’s subject+ ?

Example:

Has the assignment been prepared by you? (Passive)
Have you prepared the assignment? (Active)
b) By whom + Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + object’s subject+ কখনও কখনও tense অনুযায়ী “be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয় + Verb’s past participle+? -এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Who দিয়ে sentence শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী Verb-এর রূপ + subject’s object.

Passive voice with this structure: By whom + auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ object’s subject+ sometimes “be/being/been” is used according to tense+ Verb’s past participle+? -will be turned into the active voice in the following way-

The sentence will start with who+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s form according to tense and person+ subject’s object.

Example:

By whom is the proposal being prepared? (Passive)
Who is preparing the proposal? (Active)
c) Who+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? -এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Whom দিয়ে sentence শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+?

Passive voice with this structure: Who+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? -will be turned into the active voice in the following way-

The sentence will start with whom+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+?

Example:

Who was recommended by you? (Passive)
Whom did you recommend? (Active)
d) What+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? (Tense অনুযায়ী করা)- এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

What দিয়ে sentence শুরু হবে+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + subject’s object+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+?

Passive voice with this structure: What+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? (Done according to Tense) -will be turned into the active form in the following way-

The sentence will start with What+ + Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ subject’s object+ verb’s form according to tense and person+?

Example:

What has been done by you? (Passive)
What have you done? (Active)
Rule 6:
Object’s subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + Verb’s past participle+ present participle-যুক্ত একটি অংশ + by + subject’s object - এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-কে নিম্নরূপে active করা হয়-

Subject + verb + object +present participle+ Subject’s object

Passive voice having structure like this-

Object’s subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ a part having present participle+ by + subject’s object - will be turned into the active voice in the following way-

Subject + verb + object +present participle+ Subject’s object

Example:

He was seen singing the song by me. (Passive)
I saw him singing the song. (Active)
Rule 7:
Double object এবং এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

দুইটির মধ্যে যেকোন একটি object-কে subject হিসেবে ধরা হয় (সাধারণতঃ personal object-টি) + Verb’s past participle+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ অন্য object+ by+ Subject’s object- active form

হবে নিম্নরূপঃ

Subject’s object+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ personal object+ অন্য object.

Passive voice having double object and structure like this-

Anyone of the two object is taken as the subject (generally personal object is subject) + Verb’s past participle+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ the other object+ by+ Subject’s object- will be turned into the active form in the following way-

Subject’s object+ verb’s form according to tense and person+ personal object+ the other object.

Example:

She was given a book by me. (Passive)
I gave her a book. (Active)
Rule 8:
“It is known to me” structure-যুক্ত passive voice-কে

এই রূপে active করা হয়…..”I know that…”( Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী করা হয়)

Passive voice having “It is known to me” structure-

Will be transformed into active in this way…..”I know that…”(Done according to tense and person)

Example:

It is known to me that the speech was given by him. (Passive)
I know that he gave the speech. (Active)
দ্রষ্টব্য:

যদি passive voice-টি “It is said that” দিয়ে শুরু হয় তবে একে active রূপে নিতে শুরুতে “People say” ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Note:

If the passive voice is started with “It is said that” while transforming it into active “People say” is used in the beginning.

Example:

It is said that Bangladesh is the land of rivers. (Passive)
People say that Bangladesh is the land of rivers. (Active)
Rule 9:
সাধারণতঃ intransitive verb-এর passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি intransitive verb-এর পরে preposition যোগ করে একটি group verb তৈরী হয় এবং এটা intransitive verb-এর মত ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে passive রূপের কাঠামো হবে-

Subject+ Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ preposition+ by+ subject’s object.

একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়-

Object হবে subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ preposition+ subject হবে object.

Generally, the intransitive verb doesn’t have any passive voice. But if preposition is added after the intransitive verb it creates a group verb and it is used as an intransitive verb, the structure of the passive form will be-

Subject+ Auxiliary verb according to Tense+ Verb’s past participle+ given preposition+ by+ subject’s object.

It is turned into the active form in the following way-

The object will be subject+ verb’s form according to tense and person+ given preposition+ subject will be the object.

Example:

The cats were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)
The boy took care of the cats. (Active)
Rule 10:
নিম্নোক্ত কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে active voice-এর কাঠামো-

Subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ the reflexive object (myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি):

Subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর রূপ+ the reflexive object

Active voice’s structure in case of passive voice having structure like this-

Subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ the reflexive object (myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, etc.):

Subject+ Main verb’s form according to tense and person+ the reflexive object

Example:

He was hurt by himself. (Passive)
He hurt himself. (Active)
Rule 11:
নিম্নোক্ত কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে active voice-এর কাঠামো-

Subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject’s object:

Him, her, me, us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active রূপে নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী verb-এর রূপ+ subject’s object+ factitive object.

Active voice’s structure in case of passive voice having structure like this-

Subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject’s object:

Him, her, me, us, you, them etc. are taken to active form and used as subject+ Verb’s form according to tense and person+ subject’s object+ factitive object.

Example:

I was made the leader by them. (Passive)
They made me the leader. (Active)
দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি একটি বাক্যে একটি transitive verb যেমনঃ call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, প্রভৃতি থাকা সত্ত্বেও একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে না পারে এবং একটি অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহার করে পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করা হয় তবে এই অতিরিক্ত object-টিকে Factitive object/ Complementary object বলে।

Note: If a sentence has a transitive verb like call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, etc. but still can’t express a full meaning and an extra object is used to have the full meaning. This extra object is called Factitive object/ Complementary object.

Rule 12:
Cognate object এবং এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ Subject’s object-একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হবে-

Object হবে subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb-এর রূপ+ Cognate object.

Cognate object:

কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী object ব্যবহার করে এবং transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।

Passive voice having cognate object and having structure like this-

subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ Subject’s object-

will be taken to the active voice form in this way:

Object will be subject+ main verb’s form according to tense and person+ Cognate object

Cognate object: Some intransitive verbs use some supporting object and act as a transitive verb. These supporting objects are called as a Cognate object.

Example:

A pizza was made by him. (Passive)
He made a pizza. (Active)
Rule 13:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

subject+ মূল verb+ object + to be + verb-এর past participle-একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হবে:

Passive voice-এর subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ second person+ infinitive+ object.

Passive voice having structure like this-

subject+ main verb+ object + to be + past participle of the verb - will be taken to the active form in this way:

Passive voice’s subject+ main verb according to tense and person+ second person+ infinitive+ object.

Example:

He wants a song to be sung. (Passive)
He wants you to sing a song. (Active)
Rule 14:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

subject+ main verb (suggest/recommend/advise/propose) + that+ the object + should be+ verb’s past participle-কে এভাবে active রূপে নেয়া হবে:

Passive voice’s subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb + gerund+ object.

Passive voice having structure like this-

subject+ main verb (suggest/recommend/advise/propose) + that+ the object + should be+ verb’s past participle- will be taken to active form in this way:

Passive voice’s subject+ main verb according to tense and person+ gerund+ object.

Example:

He proposed that the song should be listened to. (Passive)
He proposed listening to the song. (Active)
Rule 15:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

subject+ main verb (determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, প্রভৃতি) + that+ the object + should be+ verb’s past participle-একে নিম্নরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়:

Passive voice’s subject+ Tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb + infinitive+ object.

Passive voice having structure like this-

subject+ main verb (determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.) + that+ the object + should be+ verb’s past participle- will be taken to active form in this way:

Passive voice’s subject+ main verb according to tense and person+ infinitive+ object.

Example:

He decided that the speech should be given. (Passive)
He decided to give the speech. (Active)
Rule 16:
এই কাঠামোযুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে-

Object’s subject+ should be+ Verb’s past participle-একে এইরূপে active রূপে নেয়া হয়:

One+ should+ মূল verb+ object

Passive voice having structure like this-

Object’s subject+ should be+ Verb’s past participle- will be taken to the active form in this way:

One+ should+ main verb+ object

Example:

The duty should be performed. (Passive)
One should perform the duty. (Activ

ত্রি-বার্ষিক সম্মেলন অনুষ্ঠিত

বেসরকারি শিকদের চাকরি জাতীয়করণের জোর দাবি চট্টগ্রাম শিক্ষক সমিতির

বেসরকারি শিাপ্রতিষ্ঠানে কর্মরত শিক-কর্মচারীদের চাকরি জাতীয়করণের আন্দোলনকে সফল করার ল্েয ঐক্যবদ্ধভাবে এগিয়ে আসার জন্য সর্বস্তরের শিক-কর্মচারীর প্রতি আহ্বান জানানো হয়েছে। গতকাল মুসলিম ইনস্টিটিউট হলে শিক সমিতি চট্টগ্রাম আঞ্চলিক শাখার সভাপতি মো: মুহিবুবুর রহমান চৌধুরীর সভাপতিত্বে অনুষ্ঠিত বাংলাদেশ শিক সমিতি চট্টগ্রাম আঞ্চলিক শাখার ত্রি-বার্ষিক শিক প্রতিনিধি সম্মেলনে প্রধান অতিথির বক্তৃতায় শিক-কর্মচারী ঐক্যজোটের চেয়ারম্যান ও বাংলাদেশ শিক সমিতির মহাসচিব অধ্য মো: সেলিম ভূঁইয়া এ আহ্বান জানান।
দেশের শিাব্যবস্থার সার্বিক উন্নয়নে, শিকদের সামাজিক মর্যাদা রায়, চাকরির নিরাপত্তা বিধানে এবং আর্থিক সচ্ছলতার প্রয়োজনে বেসরকারি শিকদের চাকরি জাতীয়তকরণ এখন সময়ের দাবি উল্লেখ করে প্রধান অতিথি আগামী ২০ ডিসেম্বরের মধ্যে এ দাবি মেনে নেয়ার জন্য সরকারের কাছে জোর দাবি জানান।
প্রধান অতিথি অধ্য মো: সেলিম ভূঁইয়া বলেন, আন্দোলনে যখন নেমেছি দাবি আদায় করে ঘরে ফিরব। ত্রি-বার্ষিক শিক প্রতিনিধি সম্মেলন উদ্বোধন করেন বাংলাদেশ কলেজ শিক সমিতির মহাসচিব চৌধুরী মুগিস উদ্দীন মাহমুদ।
সম্মেলনে বক্তব্য রাখেনÑ সম্মেলন প্রস্তুতি কমিটির আহ্বায়ক আবদুচ ছাত্তার মজুমদার, সদস্যসচিব এম এ ছফা চৌধুরী, গোলাম রহমান, বাকশিস চট্টগ্রাম জেলা সচিব মোহাম্মদ ওসমান গণি, কক্সবাজার জেলা সচিব মো: হোসাইনুল ইসলাম মাতব্বর, রাঙ্গামাটি জেলা সচিব শিবলী শান্তি চাকমা, খাগড়াছড়ি জেলা সচিব অংপ্র“ মারমা, বান্দরবান জেলা সচিব হিতোস্ময় বড়–য়া, চট্টগ্রাম মহানগর শাখার সচিব মো: সাইফুল ইসলাম চৌধুরী, চট্টগ্রাম উত্তর জেলা সচিব বাবু কমল কান্তি ভৌমিক, চট্টগ্রাম দণি জেলা মো: আবদুল হান্নান, মো: জাহাঙ্গীর আলম ও আবদুল মাবুদ। শিক নেতারা অষ্টম পে-স্কেল অনুযায়ী সরকারি স্কুল-কলেজের শিকদের অনুরূপ বার্ষিক ইনক্রিমেন্ট, বাড়িভাড়া, চিকিৎসাভাতা, পূর্ণাঙ্গ উৎসবভাতা, বৈশাখীভাতা প্রদানের এবং বিধি মোতাবেক নিয়োগপ্রাপ্ত নন-এমপিও শিকদের এমপিওভুক্ত করার জন্য সরকারের কাছে জোর দাবি জানান। এমপিওভুক্ত বেসরকারি শিক-কর্মচারীদের বেতন থেকে অবসরভাতা ও কল্যাণ ট্রাস্টের জন্য ৪ শতাংশ বর্ধিত চাঁদা কর্তনের গেজেট অবিলম্বে প্রত্যাহার করার জন্যও শিক নেতারা সরকারের কাছে দাবি জানান।
সম্মেলনে এম এ ছফা চৌধুরীকে সভাপতি, কমল কান্তি ভৌমিককে সচিব ও মুহাম্মদ সাইফুল ইসলাম চৌধুরীকে অতিরিক্ত সচিব করে ৫৭ সদস্যবিশিষ্ট কমিটি ঘোষণা করা হয়।