17/03/2022
BAUC, Department of English
to teach, to instruct , to guide , to advise, to suggest, to preach the light of education
17/03/2022
05/03/2022
đŖī¸Reference books for
HSC SESSION @2021-22
1. English For Today, By NCTB New Edition'22
2. Captain/Popy/Advanced -1st/ 2nd paper.
01/03/2022
đHSC'22.......
21/02/2022
Re-revised syllabus for HSC'22; Subject : English First & Second paper.
10/10/2021
đ§đŠReference book, HSC@2022đ§đŠ
23/09/2021
đ§đŠđ§đŠđ¤Reference Books For HSC-2022 according to short & revised syllabus.đ§đŠđ§đŠ
23/09/2021
HSC-2022, Reference book
đđ§đŠđHSC - xi/xii
Preposition đ§đĨī¸đ˛đģâĨī¸
âĨī¸đ§đŠHSC - xi/ xii, đ§đŠ
đđ§đŠModifier āĻā§?
āĻā§āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ/āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻā§āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ/āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ, āϰā§āĻĒāĻžāύā§āϤāϰ āĻāϰāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Modifier āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
Modifier āĻāĻžāϰāĻž?
Modifier āĻšāϞ⧠Adjective, Compound Adjective, Adverb, Definite article, Possessives words āĻ Noun āϏāĻš āĻāϰ⧠āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰāĻā§āĻĻ
Modifier ⧍ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ:
(i) Pre-modifier
(ii) Post-modifier
āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻļā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋāĻļā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻā§, āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāύ Noun/Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§, āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻāύ Noun/Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻļā§āϧ⧠Pre-modifier āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤
ā§§āĨ¤ Adjective: āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§ Adjective Noun, Pronoun āĻā§ āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻŋ-
(a) Itâs such a beautiful day
(b) She is a talented photographer
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠Day āĻāĻŦāĻ Photographer āĻšāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§âāĻāĻŋāϰ NounāĨ¤ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻāĻĻāĻŽ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āϧāϰā§āĻā§, āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏāĻž Adjective âBeautifulâ āĻāĻŦāĻ âTalentedâ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ Pre-Modifier āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻļāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
⧍āĨ¤ Adverb: āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§, Adverb Noun, Pronoun āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
(a) We finally decided to stay where we were.
(b) At their age, they are still playing tennis.
āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠Finally āĻ Still āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ Adverb āϝāĻž Noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
ā§ŠāĨ¤ Participle as Pre-modifier: āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§, Participle āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž Adjective āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž Adverb āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ Participle āϤāĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āϝāĻž Pre-modifier āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
(i) Present Participle: āĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻāϰ base form āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ ing āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āϤā§āĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻļā§āύ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻā§-
(a) Barking dog seldom bites. (āĻāϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ: āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤)
(b) He saw a running train.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠Dog, Train āĻšāϞ⧠Noun āĻāϰ Barking (Bark+ing), Running (Run+ing) āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ Pre-ModifierāĨ¤ āϝāĻž Present Participle Form āĻ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
(ii) Past Participle: āĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻāϰ past participle form āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ past participle āĻāĻŋ noun āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠adjective āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ-
(a) A broken chair
(b) I have bought some rotten fishes
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠Chair, Fishes āĻšāϞ⧠Noun āĻāϰ Broken, Rotten āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ Pre-ModifierāĨ¤ āϝāĻž Past Participle Form āĻ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
(iii) Perfect Participle: āĻāĻāĻŋ having + verb āĻāϰ Past participle form + āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ Clause āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĻāĻā§āϤ Clause-āĻāĻŋāĻā§ Modify āĻāϰ⧠āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ Adverb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻšāĻā§āĻā§? āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻāĻžāϞā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāύā§āϰ āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻŦā§!
(a) Having defeated the soldiers, the Captain sent them to prison.
(b) Having taken her meal, Nowshin went to college.
āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϞā§āĻĄ āĻāϰāĻž āĻ
āĻāĻļ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āϏā§āĻ Perfect participle Pre-ModifierāĨ¤ āϏā§āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āύāĻžāĻ!
ā§ĒāĨ¤ Specific Determiners: āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϝāĻž Noun āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ:
(i) Definite article: The
(a) Can you pass me the book please? (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŦāĻāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§)
(b) The boy was sick. (āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāĻā§āĻā§)
(ii) Possessives: My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their, Whose
(a) The fault in our stars
(b) My friends are nice human being
(iii) Demonstratives: This, That, These, Those
(a) âTaxi! Follow that car!â
(b) Grandpa: âBoy, those were great old days.â
(iv) Interrogatives: Which
Which is your favourite colour?
Which places in Bangladesh have you visited?
(v) The general determiners are: A, An, Any, another, other
(a) Itâs very easy. Any child can do it
(b) Would you like another glass of water?
ā§ĢāĨ¤ Quantifier as Pre-modifier: Quantifier āĻšāϞ⧠Noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ (Quantity) āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĨ¤
Singular, non-countable noun quantifier: much, little, a little, a great/little amount of, a lot of, a lot, more, less, some, adequate, enough āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
Plural, countable noun quantifier: many, some, few, a great/good number of, a lot of, a lot, three, ten, more, less, several, adequate, enough āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
āĻāϞ⧠āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āύā§āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ!
(a) She bought ten books from the book fair.
(b) I donât spend much money unnecessarily.
(c) One night, I saw a strange dream.
(d) Bill Gates has a lot of money.
āϧāϰ⧠āĻĢā§āϞā§āĻā§, āϤāĻžāĻ āύāĻž? Ten, Much, One, A lot of āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ Pre-ModifierāĨ¤
ā§ŦāĨ¤ Noun as Pre-modifier: āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠noun-āĻ noun-āĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āϝāĻāύ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ noun āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŦāϏā§, āϤāĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ noun-āĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ noun-āĻāĻŋāĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻĢāϞā§, āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ noun-āĻāĻŋ noun āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻ adjective-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύ:
(a) I lost my money bag
(b) We went to a book fair
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠Money, bag, book, fair āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ noun. āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠money āĻāĻŦāĻ book āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ adjective āϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠modifier āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤
ā§āĨ¤ Compound Adjective: Compound Adjective āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ Adjectives āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
(a) Our leader is a hard-working man.
(b) The fair attracted a record-breaking 10,678 visitors.
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠hard-working āĻāϰ record-breaking Adjective āĻĻā§āĻā§ Man āĻ Visitors Noun āĻā§ Modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
đ§đŠđModifiers āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāϞā§? āĻāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ?
Modifiers āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāϤāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώā§āĻāĻŋ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āύāϤā§āύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Modifiers are words or a set of words that describe or provide additional information of other words in the sentence. It can be a single word, a clause or a phrase.
đđ§đŠExample:
The boy with the school bag is my brother.
The teacher with the question paper entered into the class.
There are mainly two types of modifiers. These are:
đ§đŠAdjectives Modifiers
Adverbs Modifiers
These are described below:
đ§đŠAdjectives Modifiers:
Adjective Modifiers āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ noun āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻāϰ āĻĻā§āώ, āĻā§āĻŖ, āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āύāϤā§āύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Adjective modifiers modify or describe nouns and pronouns.
đ1. Single-word Adjective as modifiers: Adjective may appear before or after the word it modifies.
Example:
He caught a small (Here the adjective âsmallâ modifies the noun âfishâ)
She is an outstanding (Here the adjective âoutstandingâ modifies the noun âsingerâ)
2. The adjective phrase as modifiers: It is a prepositional phrase which modifies a noun or pronoun.
đAdjective phrase āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ prepositional phrase āϝāĻž noun āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ noun āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
Example:
Have you read the novel âPother Panchaliâ by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay?
Here, the bold portion is an adjective phrase modifying the noun ânovelâ.
3. The adjective clause as modifiers: The dependent clause which modifies a noun or pronoun and starts with a relative pronoun (who, which, whose, ) is called Adjective clause.
đĒāϝāĻāύ dependent clause āĻā§āϞ⧠relative pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ noun āĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻāύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§āĻ āϏā§āĻ noun āĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Example:
The boy who read the book is my friend.
I need a boy who will work hard wholeheartedly.
Adverbs Modifiers:
đ§đŠAdverb Modifiers āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ verb, adjective, āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ adverb āĻā§ modify āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Adverb Modifiers modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb and make the meaning of the sentence more specific.
đ§đŠ1. Adverbs modifying a verb: Adverb āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ verb āĻā§ modify āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
Example:
He is doing the work slowly. (Here, the adverb âslowlyâ is modifying the verb âdoingâ)
đ§đŠ2. Adverb modifying adjective: Adjective āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ noun āĻā§ modify āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠adverb āϏā§āĻ adjective āĻā§āĻ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Example:
She is a very good singer. (Here, very is modifying the adjective âgoodâ)
3. Adverb modifying another adverb: Adverb āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ adverb āĻā§āĻ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Example:
He is going very fast. (Here âveryâ is modifying the adverb âfastâ)
đ§đŠ4. Adverb phrase as a modifier: Very often an adverb phrase is a prepositional phrase which modifies an adjective, an adverb, or a verb.
Adverbđ§đŠ phrase āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ prepositional phrase āϝāĻž adjective, adverb āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž verb āĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Example:
I was excited to see my family was seated in the front row.
đ§đŠ5. Adverb clause as modifiers: The dependent clause which modifies a verb, an adjective or an adverb is called an adverb clause.
āϝāĻāύ dependent clause āĻā§āϞ⧠relative pronoun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ verb, adjective, āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ adverb āĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§, āϤāĻāύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ clause āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§āĻ āϏā§āĻ noun āĻŦāĻž pronoun āĻā§ modify āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
Example:
When you were three years old, your father
(Here, âwhen he was nine years oldâ is an adverb clause and is modifying the verb, âdiedâ.)
đđĨī¸đ¤HSC sentences
Part-3đđŠ
Click here to claim your Sponsored Listing.
Location
Category
Contact the school
Telephone
Website
Address
Companigonj, Muradnagar
Comilla
3540