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Niels Henrik David Bohr (7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. In 1943, having a Jewish mother, he fled to Sweden to escape nazi-persecution and pleaded with the Swedish king to allow all 8.000 Danish Jews refuge in the neutral kingdom. The escape succeeded.

Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom with the atomic nucleus at the centre and electrons in orbit around it, which he compared to the planets orbiting the Sun. He helped develop quantum mechanics, in which electrons move from one energy level to another in discrete steps, instead of continuously. He founded the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, which opened in 1920. Bohr mentored and collaborated with physicists including Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, George de Hevesy and Werner Heisenberg. He predicted the existence of a new zirconium-like element, which was named hafnium, after Copenhagen, when it was discovered. Later, the element bohrium was named after him. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analysed as having contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated his thinking on both science and philosophy.

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy ( হোসেন শহীদ সোহ্‌রাওয়ার্দী ; September 8, 1892 - December 5, 1963, Beirut) was a 20th-century Bengali leftist liberal politician and statesman in British India and Pakistan. He served as the third Premier of Bengal under British rule and was appointed as the fifth Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1956, serving until 1957, when he resigned under pressure from the Pakistani establishment.[1] Suhrawardy worked closely with C R Das, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Mahatma Gandhi during the Indian independence movement, and was the political mentor of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[1][2]

Born into a prominent Bengali Muslim family, Suhrawardy was educated in Calcutta and Oxford, and returned to India in 1921 to join active politics. He headed the Government of Bengal in 1946 and proposed the creation of an independent, united Bengal as opposed to partition, but was vetoed by the Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha and the Congress party.[1] A close associate of Jinnah, he became a leading populist leader of East Pakistan after the partition of India. Suhrawardy left the ruling Muslim League in 1949, shortly after the death of Jinnah, to join the newly established centre-left Awami League. Along with A K Fazlul Huq and Maulana Bhashani, he led the United Front to a resounding victory in the 1954 East Bengal elections, which witnessed a crushing defeat of the Muslim League in East Pakistan.[1][3]

In 1956, the Awami League formed an alliance with the Republican Party to lead a coalition federal government in Pakistan. Suhrawardy became prime minister and pledged to resolve the energy crises, address economic disparities between East and West Pakistan, and strengthen the armed forces. His initiatives included supply side economic policies, planning nuclear power and energy and reorganizing and reforming the Pakistani military. In foreign policy, he was a close ally of the United States and made Pakistan a member of the SEATO and CENTO alliances in Asia. He also pioneered relations with the People's Republic of China and was the first Pakistani leader to visit China in 1957. Faced with pressure from the bureaucracy and business community, he was forced to resign on October 10, 1957, under threat of dismissal by President Iskandar Mirza.[3] Under the military rule of Ayub Khan, he formed the opposition National Democratic Front along with other leading politicians of West and East Pakistan. Suhrawardy died from a massive heart attack whilst in Beirut, Lebanon, on December 5, 1963. He is buried at a mausoleum in Dhaka alongside A K Fazlul Huq and Khwaja Nazimuddin.

Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq (Bengali: আবুল কাশেম ফজলুল হক Abul Kashem Fozlul Hôk) (26 October, 1873—27 April, 1962), often referred to as Sher-e-Bangla (Bengali: শেরে বাংলা Shere Bangla, from Urdu: Sher-e Banglā "Tiger of Bengal") was a well-known Bengali statesman in the first half of the 20th century. He held different political posts including those of General Secretary of Indian National Congress (1918-1919), Education Minister (1924), the first Muslim Mayor of Calcutta (1935), Chief Minister of undivided Bengal (1937-1943) and East Pakistan (1954), Home Minister of Pakistan (1955-56), Governor of East Pakistan (1956-58), Food and Agriculture Minister of Pakistan (1958-61)

Huq was born to Kazi Muhammad Wajed, from Chakhar, and his wife Saidunnissa Khatun, in his mother's town of Saturia in Jhalokati district (present day Bangladesh). His primary education began at a local Madrassah ( Islamic school). Later he got admitted to Barisal Zilla School and from there passed the Entrance examination in 1890 and the FA Examination in 1892 from Kolkata. He then obtained a BA degree (with triple Honours in Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics) from Presidency College, Kolkata and an MA on Mathematics from Calcutta University (De & Rahim 2003). His formal education was completed with a BL degree in 1897 from the University Law College. He was the second Muslim in the Indian subcontinent to obtain a law degree (Gandhi 1986,

Alternate name(s): Sher-e-Bangla (Tiger of Bengal)
Date of birth: October 26, 1873
Place of birth: Saturia, Bakerganj District, British India
Date of death: April 27, 1962
Place of death: Dacca, East Pakistan
Movement: Khilafat movement
Non-cooperation movement
Peasant rights movement
Bengali Language Movement
Major organizations: Indian National Congress
Muslim League
Krishak Praja Party
Sramik-Krishak Da

Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, marketer, and inventor, who was the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields, transforming "one industry after another, from computers and smartphones to music and movies". Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. He also played a role in introducing the LaserWriter, one of the first widely available laser printers, to the market.

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