02/10/2026
🤝 The way we interact shapes the way we cooperate.
Why does cooperation thrive in some groups and struggle in others?
In a new paper published in Physical Review E, Jaume Llabrés Rubio, Onkar Sadekar, Federico Malizia, and Federico Battiston explore how cooperation emerges when people interact in groups of different sizes.
The study shows that combining group sizes with different patterns of collective returns can generate alternative collective states: full cooperation or persistent coexistence between cooperators and free riders. The organization of groups and which individuals initially cooperate also play a key role in determining which collective state emerges.
📄 “Emergence of cooperation in nonlinear higher-order public goods games”
🔗 https://doi.org/10.1103/54zg-75zk