ESP & Koko

🍁Bonus Idioms

🍂Old chestnut
M: a joke, story, or subject that has become tedious and uninteresting through constant repetition.

“My dad has a few old chestnuts he always likes to bring out at dinner parties.”

🍃Squirrel away
M: to squirrel away is to save something up or create a stash of something for use in the future.

“I’ve been squirreling away a little bit of money each month so that I can afford a vacation.”

🍁As easy as falling off a log
M: something that is very easy to do.

“I’ve finally passed my driving test. It was as easy as falling off a log.”

🍂To take/borrow a leaf out of someone's book
M: to behave or to do something in a way that someone else would

"I decided to take/borrow a leaf out of his book and invest some money in the stock market."

🌦A Rainy Day
M: a day when we really need some extra cash

"My father sent me some money for my birthday. I think I'll save it for a rainy day.”

👩🏻‍🏫 Քերականությունը A1 մակարդակում

📚Քեարականական թեմաներ, որոնք ուսումնասիրում են A1 մակարդակում

📎to be բայը
📎a/an, the հոդերը
📎there is/are
📎Բառերի հերթականությունը
📎հարցական նախադասություններ what? who? where? when? why? how? how much (many)?
📎Գոյականի թիվը (-s, -es)
📎can/can't մոդալ բայը
📎Անձնական դերանուններ I, you, he, she, it, we, they
📎Անորոշ դերանուններ some/any
📎Ցուցական դերանուններ this, that, these, those
📎Ստացական դերանուններ my, your, his, her, its, our, their
📎Հաճախականության մակդիրներ always, often, usually, sometimes, never
📎Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple
Present Continuous

✅ Ավարտելուց հետո Դուք կարող եք

📌Կառուցել հասարակ արտահայտություններ և նախադասություններ, ներկայանալ, հակիրճ պատմել ընտանիքի, ընկերների մասին, հարցնել և հետևել ուղղություններին

🗣Հասկանալ զրուցակցի դանդաղ և հստակ խոսքը

👀 Բնականաբար միայն քերականական գիտելիքները բավարար չեն

‼️ Լեզվին լիարժեք տիրապետելու համար հարկավոր է նաև ժամանակ հատկացնել բառապաշարի ընդլայնմանը։

🎧 Ինչպես բարելավել ունկնդրելու կարողությունները

👩🏻‍🏫 Մաս I

Շատերը կփաստեն, որ կաշկանդվում են օտար լեզվով խոսել։ Սակայն քչերն են անդրադառնում օտար լեզվով խոսքը հասկանալու խնդրին։
Ահա թե ինչպես էլ ավելի կատարելագործել անգլերեն խոսքը ունկնդրելու կարողությունը

1️⃣ Պարբերաբար լսեք անգլերեն ձայնագրություններ
Ինչպես բոլոր այլ պարագաներում, ինչ-որ բան սովորելու համար պետք է տեսությունից անցնել պրակտիկայի, այլ կերպ ասած, խոսքից՝ գործի:
Երբևէ պարել սովորե՞լ եք միայն այլ պարուհիների պարը դիտելով, կռահում եմ, որ պատասխանն է ո՛չ: Անհրժեշտ է` ինքդ սկսես պարել:
Պարելու հետ ամեն ինչ պարզ է, իսկ ինչպե՞ս հասկանալ անգլերեն խոսքը առանց ջանք գործադրելու։
Ամենահեշտ և հաճելի մեթոդը. դիտեք ֆիլմեր և սերիալներ անգլերեն լեզվով, լսեք երգեր: Անգլերեն խոսքը դարձրեք ձեր առօրյայի անբաժան մասը: Առաջնայինը հետաքրքրաշարժ նյութն ընտրելն է: Փորձեք հետաքրքրություն առաջացնել ձեր մեջ, հաճույքով լսեք, և անգլերեն խոսք լսելը շատ ավելի հեշտ կլինի։

💁🏻‍♀️Ինչ ռեսուրսներից կարող եք օգտվել՝

📌https://www.ted.com/
📌https://www.eslfast.com/ Beginner/elementary/pre-intermediate/intermediate
📌https://www.esl-lab.com/ Beginner +
📌https://www.talkenglish.com/listening/listen.aspx Elementary +
📌https://www.elllo.org/ Pre-intermediate +

Պարզելու համար, թե որքան եք բարելավել անգլերեն խոսքը հասկանալու հմտությունները և ստուգել ուղղագրության գիտելիքները, այցելեք անգլերեն առցանց թելադրությունների կայքերից մեկը`

📌http://www.dictationsonline.com/ Elementary – Advanced
📌https://www.rong-chang.com/eslread/eslread/dict/contents.htm Pre-intermediate
📌https://www.englishclub.com/listening/dictation.htm Beginner +
📌https://breakingnewsenglish.com/dictation.html Intermediate
📌https://www.learnenglish.de/dictationpage.html Elementary / Intermediate

Հաջորդ կարևոր նախապայմանը կանոնավոր զբաղվելն է: Եթե օրական առնվազն 20-30 րոպե տրամադրեք անգլերեն լեզվով տարբեր ձայնագրություններ լսելուն, ապա որոշ ժամանակ անց առաջընթաց կզգաք (ժամկետը կախված է ձեր ունակություններից և ցանկությունից):

English For Social Interaction

Ways of Telling or Asking Someone to Wait

📌hold on PHRASAL VERB
used for telling someone to stop or wait

📌just wait until/till PHRASE
used for saying that someone should be patient for a moment

📌hang on/hold on a minute PHRASE
used for asking someone to wait for a short period of time, especially someone who you are talking to on the telephone

📌wait a minute/second PHRASE
used for telling someone to stop and wait for you

📌just a minute/moment/second PHRASE
used for asking someone to wait for a short time

📌let me see/think PHRASE
used for saying that you need a moment to think about something

📌bear with me/us PHRASAL VERB
used as a polite way of asking someone to be patient while you do or finish something

📌something will have to wait PHRASE
used for saying that there is no time to do something now and it will have to be done later

📌all in good time PHRASE
used for telling someone to wait for something and not try to make you hurry

📌not so fast PHRASE
used when you are telling someone to wait and not be too quick to do something or believe something

Business English Expressions
1. get/have one's foot in the door
2. give someone a pat on the back
3. go broke
4. go down the drain
5. go the extra mile
6. go through the roof
7. gray area
8. ground-breaking
9. hands are tied
10. have someone's work cut out
M: If you have a lot of work to do or a particularly
difficult assignment, you "have your work cut out for
you."
E.g.
She has to sell $35,000 worth of products by the
end of the month. She has her work cut out for her.
11. hit the nail on the head
M: To "hit the nail on the head" means to do or say
something 100% correctly.
E.g.
I agree with John 100%. I think he really hit the nail
on the head.
12. in a nutshell
M: "In a nutshell" means in a few words.
E.g.
In a nutshell, this book is about how to motivate
employees.
13. in full swing
M: If a project is "in full swing," it means that it has
been completely started and that it is progressing
or moving as fast as it ever will.
E.g.
Construction on the new site is in full swing now.
14. in the black
M: If a company is "in the black," it means that it is
making a profit.
E.g.
We're not having a great year, but at least we're in
the black.
15. in the red
M: If a company is "in the red," it means that is not
profitable and is operating at a loss.
E.g.
When I started my own business, we were in the
red for the first two years. We didn't see a profit
until the third year.

Ask someone to speak
_________
📌Would you like to come to the stand?
Lenny, would you like to come over to the stand?

📌Allow me to give the floor to
Allow me to give the floor to our next speaker.

📌I would like to invite
I'd like to invite Ann to give us her opinion.

📌I’d like to call on
I'd like to call on Dr. Richards. Are you here, Doctor?

📌I believe someone would like to make a point.
I believe James would like to make a point. What is it, James?

Arrive at, not to.
❌ Don't say: We arrived to the village at night.
✅ Say: We arrived at the village at night.
⭕️Note Use arrive in with countries and large cities.
Mr. Smith has arrived in London

Travel by train, etc., not with the train, etc.
❌ Don't say: He travelled with the train yesterday.
✅ Say: He travelled by train yesterday.
⭕️Note: We say: by train, by boat, by plane, by bike; also, by land, by sea, by air, by bus; in a bus or on a bus; by car or in a car, by taxi or in a taxi; on horse-back, on a donkey, on a bicycle; on foot.

Different from, not than.
❌ Don't say: My book is different than yours.
✅ Say: My book is different from yours.

Divide into parts, not in parts.
❌Don't say: I divided the cake in four parts.
✅ Say: I divided the cake into four parts.
⭕️Note
A thing may be divided in half or in two.

Exchange for, not by.
❌ Don't say: He exchanged his collection of matchboxes by some foreign stamps.
✅ Say: He exchanged his collection of matchboxes for some foreign stamps.
⭕️Note* In exchange for
He gave them his old car in exchange for a new one.

Fail in, not from.
❌Don't say: Steven failed from maths last year.
✅Say: Steven failed in maths last year.

Full of, not with or from.
❌Don't say: The jar was full with (or from) oil.
✅Say: The jar was full of oil.
⭕️Note*
Fill takes with Jane filled the glass with water.

Married to, not with.
❌ Don’t say: Angela was married with a rich man.
✅ Say: Angela was married to a rich man.

Prefer to, not from.
❌Don't say: I prefer a blue pen from a red one.
✅ Say: I prefer a blue pen to a red one.
⭕️Note* preferable to
This car is preferable to my old one.

Write in ink, not with ink.
❌ Don't say: I've written the letter with ink.
✅ Say: I've written the letter in ink.
⭕️Note
We use 📌 in when we are referring to the final work
The drawing was done in charcoal.
Dora writes her letters in green ink.
When we are referring to the instrument used we use 📌with.
The children are learning to write with a pen.
Helen prefers to paint with a thin brush.
____________

TOEFL Vocabulary

Words in use
Terror in the Cemetery

I like to bet on anything that is exciting, so when my friends tried to tempt*📌me with an offer, I took it. The idea was for me to spend a frigid*📌December night in a cemetery, all alone, in order to win twenty dollars. Little did I realize that they would use dirty tricks to try to frighten me into abandoning the cemetery, therefore losing my wager*📌.
My plan was to recline*📌 in front of a large grave, covered by a warm blanket, with a flashlight to help me cut through the dismal*📌 darkness. After midnight, I heard a wild shriek*📌. I thought I saw the grave open and a corpse*📌 rise out of it!
Although I was somewhat numb*📌 with fear, I tried to keep my senses. Using good judgment, I knew that no peril*📌could come to me from that sinister* 📌
figure. When I did not run in terror, my friends, who had decided to conceal* 📌themselves behind the nearby tombstones, came out and we all had
a good laugh. Those spirits that may inhabit* 📌a cemetery must have had a good laugh, too.

😌It’s often said that variety is the spice of life.

🤣And the funny thing is, native speakers don’t actually say “How are you?” all that often. For us, it’s way to formal and just…well…unnatural.

So, if you want to sound more natural and express yourself more exactly, it might be time to take a look at some new alternatives. Take a look at our tips for saying hello!

1️⃣ What's going on?
2️⃣ What's new (with you)?
3️⃣ What's up?
4️⃣ How have you been?
5️⃣ How's everything?
6️⃣ How's it going?
7️⃣ You all right?
8️⃣ Hey, hey man. Hi.
9️⃣ How's your day going?
🔟 Long time no see!

🔊Possible answers

✅I’m good
✅Pretty good
✅I’m well
✅I’m OK.
✅Not too bad.
✅Same old, same old.
✅Yeah, all right.
✅I’m alive!*

*The last one is a sort of joke, but it gets across the point that you are surviving life and everything is ok.

✅I’ve been better
✅Better now that you’re here.
✅I can’t complain too much.

Enjoy!