IEC Islamiya Educational Center

We lost a legend😢😢
He deserved a Nobel Prize
The greatest theoretical physicist n cosmologist!
Rip😢😢

Mystery wave: I recently stumbled on a periodic waveform that's amazingly useful, but I don't know its name. It's drawn in blue in the enclosed image, with a sine wave drawn in red for reference. I spent many hours searching Google with no luck. Do you know what to properly call this unnamed wave?

The most precise definition I can come up with is this: Given a sine wave and a triangle wave of identical frequency, amplitude, and phase, take the difference between the sine and triangle waves and subtract it from the triangle wave.

Given the same assumptions, another possible definition is, reflect the sine wave around the sides of the triangle wave.

Unlike the triangle wave, the nameless wave has only one sharp angle instead of two. It would be interesting to compare its harmonics to the triangle and sine, though I haven't done so yet. I tried Wolfram's graphing calculator, but couldn't figure out how to get it to generate the wave.

The most efficient way I've found to generate the wave is by appropriately offsetting each quadrant of a sine wave, as in the following C code:

double wave(double fPhase)
{
double r = fmod(fPhase + 0.25, 1);
double s = sin(r * PI * 2);
if (r < 0.25)
return s - 1;
else if (r < 0.5)
return 1 - s;
else if (r < 0.75)
return s + 1;
else
return -1 - s;
}

If there's interest I can explain why this wave is so useful to me but for now I'll just say I'm using it to modulate effects in an open-source virtual pottery synthesizer called PotterDraw.

Bond Length
Bond length is defined as the
distance between the centers of
two covalently bonded atoms.
The length of the bond is
determined by the number of
bonded electrons (the bond
order). The higher the bond
order, the stronger the pull
between the two atoms and the
shorter the bond length.
Generally, the length of the
bond between two atoms is
approximately the sum of the
covalent radii of the two atoms.
Bond length is reported in
picometers. Therefore, bond
length increases in the
following order: triple bond <
double bond < single bond.
To find the bond length, follow
these steps:
1. Draw the Lewis structure.
2. Look up the chart below for
the radii for the
corresponding bond.
3. Find the sum of the two
radii.

From: IEC

With the going of Cassini, I am noticing that the north and south poles of Saturn have a hexagonal shape! I wonder if that has anything to do with the e-p pair theory which says that the void-particle can travel only in the six basic directions of the 3-dimensional coordinate plane(x, -x, y, -y, z, -z). Also, the Babylonians are supposed to have used such mathematics to calculate the first values of pi and the degrees around a circle and even the seasons and the number of days in a year. I see such patterns in nature(on earth as well as in pictures of the universe - planets, stars, and galaxies - taken by space probes and other scientists and it is amazing how much they confirm the postulates or principles that have come out of the electron-proton pair theory.

What is a solar mass?

It's the mass of our Sun used as a unit of mass (equal to 1.989x10^30 - almost 2 nonillion kilograms).

The spinning vortex of Saturn’s north polar storm, observed by the Cassini space probe. The eye of the storm measures 1250 miles (2000 kilometers) across with cloud rotation as fast as 330 miles per hour (150 meters per second).

The Structural Basis for Sub-Atomic Motion

The magnetic body is the most prominent, although invisible, structure defining a complex and dynamic universe. The universe and particularly that part which fosters life in based on the flexibility of low density matter controlling the solid brittle body to which it is permanently attached. The magnetic body is huge by comparison to the core body. The proportions vary as do all magnetic bodies but there is an extreme difference in the relative size of the magnetic body compared to the core body. If your think it through, all human senses are based on our perception of the magnetic body because the core body is simply too small and too disbursed to be detected by human senses. These are only the first of a number of misconceptions we have about magnetic volume as it is the physical basis for motion and energy in the universe.

The magnetic field is discharged from the core and is distributed over the surface of the solid core body. The magnetic matter forms a column force accounting for the mass density producing the magnetic reading in any body. The distribution of the magnetic body is captured by the formula associated with the inverse square law as a declining measure of density and pressure with radial expansion. The magnetic substance involved is highly perceptible to human senses as proven by playing with magnets. Magnetic space has the power to attract and contain or to resist admission into its space. Magnetic fields and thus substance can be detected and measured for intensity as a real physical entity. The substance is thus real but represents a density state far lower than it core source.

There is no condition of absolute stasis or lack of motion as every part is in direct motion or forms a bound or orbital part of a larger body in motion. Relative stasis is a very reliable condition in the human experience. We enjoy relative stability in a perpetually changing reality. Given the declining strength of the magnetic body as it expands from the core, it is reasonable to expect extreme and possibly super extreme low density at the limit to internal expansion. Internal expansion is restricted by equal and opposite containing force and resistance producing a magnetic skin. The difference in attraction or repulsion is only in the perspective and not in the real exchange of pressure between bodies.

When a body in relative stasis, as show in the graphic, is confronted with an applied force, the process is experienced as the transfer of pressure on a body that is contained or unconstrained. A body confronted by increasing pressure will compress on itself and exchange radial size for an increase in internal pressure. The compression is a condition of potential elastic energy restricted by external pressure. The second form of body receiving applied force is a body that is not contained and free to relocate. The applied force will be directional under these conditions. The force is applied as pressure on one side or multiple sides causing it to compress and become displaced through a lower density environment causing the body to manage the force as a singular unit.

The application of a strong magnetic force would influence matter in a conductive medium. The process such as AC current serves to create a current of electricity. Each electron is an individual body and is pushed by magnetic force to become displaced. The process of force transfer is one of force per unit area as a measure of pressure. The huge low density magnetic body of the electron has a huge surface to capture force on the basis of force per unit area. This process is depicted as the “sling shot” form shown in the attached graphic. The pressure influences the bodies in its path in relation to their density and thus resistance.

The extreme low-density magnetic body is shredded to its fiber parts by the applied force and pushed with the leading edge of the shock wave. The environmental content of any magnetic body would then follow the magnetic fibers due to their relative density and compress on the magnetic fivers as inertia allows then to move. The dense core body offers a huge difference in density and mass content causing a delay as per the rules of inertia laid out by Sir Isaac Newton in his first law and resisted as per his third law. The physical structural result is elastic distortion producing the sling shot effect depicted in the graphic.

As all the parts find their proper place in the shock wave the magnetic fibers are unable to move backward into greater density but the core is able to move forward through lower density substance and so the magnetic fibers contract releasing the elastic energy of their extensions. This increases velocity of the electron core causing it to accelerate from its location toward the contracting elastic magnetic fibers. Once the accelerated core move past the depleted magnetic body, the magnetic field falls limply behind the core as a low-pressure tail. This condition is depicted showing the aerodynamic form assumed while in stable high velocity motion. When the current is slowed to a stop, the huge magnetic bodies could open and resist motion. This allows for the reverse process of electron motion in an AC current and many other relevant conditions.

The same general principals would apply to radiation and light as super extreme low-density bodies. I am convinced based on current evidence that the potential maximum velocity of a body is inversely proportionate to its density. The lower the density then the greater the potential velocity. The condition of the magnetic body determines the structural orientation and position of the proton that is dependent on its magnetic body for any form of mobility.

We, as living creatures, cannot know what lies beyond our understanding but recognize nature has the final word. What nature does and how nature does it has haunted humanity since the dawn of time. Our existence is dependent on our ability to learn and address the absolutely orderly whims of nature. We have come to ply nature to our desires but every such gift is given with clear and unambiguous reality it will eventually be returned to sender. Nature is the conductor and we each perform as designed. The design aspect is subtle yet the function is based on the potential and that is part of the design. Life forms are different than non-life forms. Nature has entered into an exception contract with life whose conditions are described in the DNA blueprint and the fine print cannot yet be read.

Measuring the distance from stars

Saturn seen from 762,000 miles (1.23 million kilometers).