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23/07/2026

SLAAC is a method that allows an IPv6 host to automatically configure its own IPv6 address without a DHCP server.

23/07/2026

Quick Memory Tips for IPv6

✅ ::1 = Loopback

✅ FE80::/10 = Link-Local

✅ FC00::/7 = Private

✅ FF00::/8 = Multicast

✅ /64 = Standard subnet

✅ No Broadcast in IPv6

✅ 128-bit addresses

23/07/2026

Key Features of IPv6
128-bit addresses (much larger than IPv4's 32-bit addresses)
Supports approximately 340 undecillion addresses (3.4 × 10³⁸)
Improved routing efficiency
Built-in support for IPsec security
Better support for mobile devices
Eliminates the need for NAT (Network Address Translation) in many cases.

08/07/2026

VLAN stands for Virtual Local Area Network.
A VLAN is a way to divide one physical network (switch) into multiple separate logical networks. Devices in different VLANs are isolated from each other unless routing is configured between them.

11/03/2026

Difference Between Classful and Classless Subnetting

Classful IP addressing follows the default subnet masks assigned to each IP class. In this method, the network is not further subnetted, and the default mask of the class is used.

Examples of Classful IP addresses:

10.64.3.51
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 (/8)

172.18.91.33
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 (/16)

Classless addressing (CIDR – Classless Inter-Domain Routing) allows networks to be subnetted using different prefix lengths, instead of relying on the default class masks. This provides more flexibility and efficient use of IP addresses.

Examples of Classless IP addresses:

10.3.5.23/12

172.18.91.33/18

In classless addressing, the /number indicates the prefix length, which defines how many bits are used for the network portion of the IP address.

11/03/2026

IP subnetting.

Subnetting means keep the network.
Suppernetting means Keep the host.

04/01/2026

Telnet:

Uses TCP port 23.
Designed for remote terminal access without encryption.

SSH:

Uses TCP port 22.
Designed for secure remote login and command ex*****on.

Here’s a clear comparison between Telnet and SSH.Telnet:Transmits data (including usernames and passwords) in plain text...
04/01/2026

Here’s a clear comparison between Telnet and SSH.

Telnet:

Transmits data (including usernames and passwords) in plain text.
Highly insecure and vulnerable to eavesdropping and attacks.

SSH (Secure Shell):

Encrypts all communication, including authentication and data transfer.
Provides strong security against interception and man-in-the-middle attacks.

06/08/2025

Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP Models
- OSI has 7 layers; TCP/IP has 4 layers.
- OSI is a theoretical model; TCP/IP is practical and widely used.
- OSI separates presentation and session layers; TCP/IP combines them into the application
layer.

22/07/2025

An IP address is a unique identifier for a device on a network.
IPv4: 32-bit address (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
IPv6: 128-bit address (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334)
Types of IP addresses:
- Public IP: Used on the internet.
- Private IP: Used within local networks (e.g., 192.168.x.x)

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