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Silhouette of a comrade.. Is my lockdown work about the overshadowed men and women who were the vital radar for the Liberation fighters... Watch this space contributions are welcome to make the book a success

Mahatma Ghandi talked of non violent whilst the nationalists like che Guevara talked about confrontation by any means necessary.. Reflecting on the philosophy of conflict resolution.. How best can conflict in Africa be minimized.. Share your thoughts

War is Peace
Ignorance is Strength
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Revisiting the War of Liberation :I am conducting a research case study on role of the masses behind enemy lines. Need your support and input just inbox and will greatly appreciate it by acknowledging the effort

Education is the best way to make a difference in one's life but being learned about life challenges will make the much needed difference. Stay focused on your goals don't make excuses or mistakes of quitting. Life is a different race for each human being so take charge of your destiny.

Keeping quiet or ignoring when injustice is tearing down the world makes you an accomplice.. FACT

The third world has been negatively affected by the International political and economic organisation .Discuss
The plight of the Third World countries has been one where they have witnessed unending economic distress and political upheavals .Owing to the work of various organisations inclusively World Bank, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund, UNDP, EU, Commonwealth, Sino-Africa to mention only but a few. Through debt crisis, severe food shortages, chronic economic growth, unfavourable balance of trade and payment corrupt political regimes and coup-de-tat ruling oligarchies, neo-colonialism in the name of globalization has seen the third world countries being negatively affected. In light of the negative impact, there has been some notable though feeble benefits from the roles of various International Organisations by the Third world countries.
Third World is a term that was coined by French Socialists in 1960S. According To Viotti and Kauppi (2007) it was to denote the most populous category of world people just like the Third Estate in French Revolution era. The extraordinary large gap in technology ,capital and living standards between advanced industrial and post-industrial countries is so appalling and is a striking characteristic of present day global political economy (www.palgrave.com ).The indicators are low literacy rates ,malnutrition, home for all s*xually related illnesses and high HIV/AIDS prevalence ,high infant mortality and low life expectancy , skewed economic growth ,poor service delivery ,very rich oligarchy and political hierarchy and poor masses, vending and unemployed youths , vote rigging and buying, use of state apparatus to squash democratic confrontation and unconstitutionalism ,a good dump site for used cars and commodities like clothes, shoes and cheap industrial material. Therefore most African countries are categorised as Third World as well as their Caribbean counterparts.
Economically, third world countries have been negatively affected by work of several international activities. Third world countries continue to be trapped in poverty motivated by economic challenges. Prahalad (2005) posits that an unforgiving global economy has seen countries facing dire economic problems. For instance the Sino-Africa, Chinese aid to help resuscitate third world countries has been one of the major pitfalls. As noted by Mandelbaum (2002) “Sino-African idea is reminiscent of Hobson Economic Theory –need for new markets and investments, resource security”. Thus the Chinese are the beneficiaries at expense of the Third world countries.
To add on, most of the Sino-Africa funds are to ensure that they benefit more than the countries being funded. The purpose is to circumvent the competition in home market and bring production costs to levels lower than in China. For example in Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe among other countries ,Chinese have set up mining, agriculture ,technology and network systems and they are the major tender holders. According to www.worldbank.com Africa is a good incubator for state owned transnationals and an important market for exports.
Furthermore, to show how the third world has been affected by the international organisations is that most are transforming and aiding capitalism. For instance China is transforming itself into one of the top economic and also the commercial hub of the world trade almost surpassing the USA. Instead of allowing third world countries to prosper, it is outbidding most contractors from the region on major economic transformation projects. Through provision of the so called “soft loans” by engaging the Third world is a way of indirectly asserting hegemony over their economies. Hilsum (2012) stated that “it seems Africa looks to China and sees success”. Thus third world countries are being blindfolded by the so called economic transforming soft loans hence negatively affected.
The World Bank is an example of an International organisation of the Bretton -Wood grouping whose work is shadowed by obscurity in its operations by its work to lend capital for developmental purposes to capital poor third world countries .Through concessionary rates that are exorbitant, there is now a debt crisis in play. The major financiers being the developed countries like USA, France ,Canada,Britain,Germany give grants in foreign aid that are coupled with exploitative connotations. According to Viotti et al. “Third World countries have a large credit from the World Bank which has proved to be a tool for expanding capitalist economies globally. The tide of imperialism is still in full throttle only that it has changed face and is mutating through these Bretton –Woods organisations.
Countries like Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Sierra Leone have a huge debt which is affecting them from accessing funds for economic sustainable projects. Also of grave concern is the guise of Structural Adjustment Program that most third world countries have found themselves embroiled in in order to access funding and economic grants from international organisations like IMF and World Bank .Zimbabwe was not spared either by the ESAP programme which on the contrary had much bearing on economic decline than growth (Microsoft Encarta Encyclopaedia, (2009).
In addition, The International Monetary Fund has been able to lend its hand on the economic troubles of the Third world countries. Rupert (2000) noted that “ IMF regime changed in 1970s from relatively fixed exchange rates under Bretton- Woods to a regime of floating exchange rates “. Unfortunately heavy borrowing in 1970s and 1980s to early 90s by the Third world countries at market rates which are premised on high turnover of payable interest rates left many of these countries in grave debts.
Another interesting negative impact is the paradox that International organisations like EU,Commomwealth, World Trade Organisation claim to help develop but in actual fact creating a fiasco in political financing and unorthodox market systems (www.worldbank.org). Thus globalisation which has a neo-colonialist motive to spread capitalism of the dominant economies and wipe any form of socialist or communist or any quasi-capitalist ideology has allowed criminal organisations to take advantage of the economic stress in most Third World countries. This is a reflection of how the richer countries are getting richer and better developed whilst the poor countries are continuing to deteriorate. In light of the unending civil wars in the Congo region which has the potential to make DRC one of the greatest economies but look at the way neo-colonialism is at play in supporting chaos and despondency through civil wars.
Politically, third world countries have not been spared either by the works of international organisations. Notable is the Commonwealth which is part of the neo –colonial agents and a new form of colonialism whose aim is to ensure hegemony of former coloniser is extended. Thus countries are obliged to have their political liberties governed by the decisions of Commonwealth. This contrasts with proponents of political freedom and liberty like Rousseau ,Voltaire and its making governments to be modelled to suit their political agendas not of the people in that country. Thus the politics of the Third World are being sort of tailor- made to ensure democracies are modelled to what they want for continued exploitation.
More so, the United Nations has through the Security Council been manipulated by capital rich countries at expense of weaker countries. For example countries like Kenya and Zimbabwe in 2008 had a riotous election after the opposition had taken a lead but all the violations of human rights were swept aside as the responsible culprits were not brought to book and it left more questions than answers with regards to the role of the Security Council. In Zimbabwe after its land expropriation without compensation dubbed Land Reform, this was a break from the tradition and saw the country put under sanctions. Through ZIDERA passed by the US government and recently signed into law by the Trump administration, the UN has done little if not nothing to emancipate third world countries (Herald Online 20 August 2018). Also citing the Global Watch Journal, Third World countries continue to be affected by problems of political legitimacy and bloody coups sponsored by the developed countries who have quest to control the vast mineral wealth in most of the third world countries.
Again, the third world countries have been affected greatly socially by the series of civil wars, coups, and political instability. Owing to work of the international organisations through arms like MI6, CIA, mercenary activities have been rampant in these third world countries as most developed countries want an unfavourable political climate so that NGOs can facilitate their socio-economic-political agenda under guise of humanitarian aid. Wallerstein (1995) pointed out that the major function of NGOs is to ensure the continuation of capitalist political domination. Thus developed countries continue to exploit politically, socially and economically even psychologically through brain drain the third world poor countries.
It would be undue injustice as there has been notable benefits accrued though to a lesser magnitude allude to fact that International Organisations have only affected third world countries. Notable merit is that of capitalism which has proved to be an incredibly destructive and at the same time a creative process. In case of Sino-Africa, China’s appetite for natural resources has come as a blessing for some African countries. African third world countries ‘exports have increased considerably also a result of economic integration by World Trade Organisation policies. Thus economies of countries like Afghanistan and Sudan shattered by prolonged wars have been aided.
Another way in which third world countries have benefitted is through foreign direct investment. Most governments of third world countries have been at the receiving end through investment in transport, communication, technology and in intellectual capacity development. Organisations like EU, DFID, USAID, IMF, World Bank, Sino- Africa have been influential in offering financial assistance used in the construction of bridges, canals, roads, and airports and in provision of disaster mitigation assistance to civil aviation authorities in respective third world countries. Also in light of the scourge of global warming, there has been a downward trend in food security and sound water conservation strategies and there has been a lot of assistance from organisations like USAID, OXFAM, CRS and RED CROSS in provision of food relief in drought prone areas.
More so , politically third world countries have benefitted through the work of UN .For instance , most third world countries are ridden with civil wars as there is need to control the vast mineral resources like in DRC, Uganda ,Rwanda, Sudan .The irony is that most third world are among the most poorest countries of the world in terms of GDP but has the greatest number of billionaires and rich government officials., Through the peacekeeping forces the UN has managed to reduce atrocities committed like in case of the Lord Resistance Army which maimed, r***d and killed a lot of people IN Uganda and the UN has managed to deal with ensuring the rebel leaders are brought to book. As quoted from Microsoft Encarta (2009) “The ceasefire was to be followed by peace negotiations. Still unresolved was the issue of war crimes charges brought against leaders of the LRA by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The Ugandan government offered amnesty to the LRA leaders, but ICC officials said they were still seeking the top LRA leaders, including its founder, Joseph Kony. The ICC has brought charges against them of murder, r**e, using young girls as s*x slaves, and forcibly conscripting children into the rebel army”. Thus in respect of children rights and general human rights the UN through ICC has tried to ensure sanity which has helped the politics of third world countries.
In addition, there has been also help by the international organisations in relation to governments following constitutions and respect of democratic processes like referendums, election participation. Organisations like EU, UN, and Commonwealth have been influential in ensuring checks and balances though subject to criticism in most third world countries political affairs. They have .Also according to Microsoft Encarta Encyclopaedia (2009) “The United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) was deployed to cooperate with ECOMOG in March. At this time the United States issued a report condemning widespread human-rights violations in Liberia. In 2001 the UN imposed economic sanctions against Liberia for aiding rebel groups in neighbouring Sierra Leone. Taylor’s administration also allegedly aided rebels in both Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire”. Thus in ensuring democracy spreads across the third world countries also have benefited therein.

In conclusion International Organisations activities have negatively impacted on the third world countries like Zimbabwe ,DRC, Kosovo, Niger, Rwanda ,Sudan ,Congo to mention only but a few politically ,socially and economically. Through the Structural Adjustment Programs most third world countries economies were plunged into oblivion and most economic problems they face can be attributed to these. Also through globalisation, spread of developed countries exploitative capitalist mode of production has led to poverty, apathy and lack of trust in African traditional economic exploits as a result of forced adoption of first world economic way of life. Notable are some benefits like role in ensuring technological development, spread of democracy, access to improved health and education and bringing to court defectors like rebel leaders they do not outweigh the negative effects overally on the Third world countries.

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The world is changing and it needs new ideas and personal intuitive declaration that we have to adapt and be the change needed.. The covid pandemic came unexpected and the world is in quandary.. History will repeat itself and its a wake up call for everyone because even the world most sophisticated technology has failed to provide us with the best panacea but only the Great one Almighty will be the answer

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