Nchezy-History

Short History of Kenneth kaunda

Kenneth Kaunda was a prominent Zambian politician who played a pivotal role in the country's independence and served as its first President. Born on April 28, 1924, in what was then Northern Rhodesia, Kaunda became involved in politics at a young age and was an instrumental figure in the fight against British colonial rule.

Kaunda's political career began in the late 1940s when he joined the African National Congress, a radical anti-colonial organization. He later became the President of the United National Independence Party (UNIP), the main nationalist movement in Northern Rhodesia. Under his leadership, UNIP sought to create an independent and socialist Zambia.

In 1964, Northern Rhodesia gained independence from Britain and was renamed Zambia, with Kenneth Kaunda becoming the country's first President. Throughout his presidency, which lasted until 1991, Kaunda implemented socialist policies, nationalized key industries, and emphasized economic development and social welfare programs.

Kaunda also played a significant role in regional politics, advocating for the end of apartheid in South Africa and supporting the liberation movements in other African countries. He was a firm supporter of the non-aligned movement and sought to maintain Zambia's neutrality in the midst of Cold War tensions.

However, Kaunda's presidency was not without challenges. Economic difficulties, including rising inflation and unemployment, strained his government, and internal opposition to his rule grew. In 1991, amid mounting pressure for political reforms, Kaunda's party, UNIP, lost power in Zambia's first multi-party elections, and he peacefully stepped down from office.

Following his presidency, Kaunda continued to be involved in Zambian and international affairs. He remained active in advocating for peace, democracy, and social justice, and his efforts were recognized with numerous awards and honors. He also played a role in various mediation efforts in regional conflicts.

Kenneth Kaunda passed away on June 17, 2021, leaving behind a legacy as a key figure in the struggle for Zambia's independence and a respected leader in African politics. His influence extended beyond his presidency, and he will be remembered for his commitment to Pan-Africanism, his role in regional diplomacy, and his dedication to the welfare of the Zambian people.

Gallant African leaders

Shared as received... Good piece of information about the Lamba.

The History of the LAMBA Speaking People of Central Africa.

According to Clement Martyn Doke a Baptist Missionary in his Book titled Trekking in South Central Africa 1913 - 1919, the LAMBA Kingdom is estimated to have been established in the 16th Century, Between 1585 -1889.

The founder of the tribe is Believed to have been a Female Known as Chembo Kasako Chimbala. She was the youngest wife of Mwati Yamvwa of Luba - Lunda Kingdom;

She did not accept being part of a polygamous marriage,so she fled with her son Chembo and Settled in what is today known as: Lambaland (ilamba) on the Copperbelt at Kashiba Kabena (Mofya (Lake of the Mofya Clan or Lake Kashiba) in Mpongwe District under Senior Chief Ndubeni's Chiefdom.Now Commonly known as St.Anthony because the Catholic Missionaries build a church there.

The Kingdom grew and spread into southern part of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in Katanga province, A province equally rich in copper.

Therefore, whether you are in Zambia or DRC, the Copperbelt of both countries is squarely LAMBALAND. (Ilamba) and Rich in minerals.

According to Clement M Doke, other tribes migrated into the Copperbelt Province seeking work fortune, Wealth and thus settled there until today.

The Name LAMBA means "the Act of Humbling oneself". Lambas are generally humble people in nature.

The LAMBA speaking people are divided into a number of exogenous clans and the clan descent is Matrilineal - Amayananina.

The LAMBAS may be described as hunters and agriculturist .Physically Lambas are of Medium built and remarkably robust and strong.

Linguistically the Lambas belong to the central Bantu group of which ubulamba is a typical example.

Their language is remarkably rich in folklore and proverbs and they take great delight in talking.

Practically every LAMBA is born orator, unafraid to voice his views,no matter what the assembly may be (Doke 1931:28-29).

There are two main ruling clans in Lambaland the Abena Mishishi and Abena Nyendwa clan respectively.

According to Clement Martyn Doke ,Chief Mushili of the Abena mishishi Clan and Ndubeni of the Abena Nyendwa clan were designated Senior Chiefs by the colonial government and adopted by the Zambian government.

As such Senior Chief Mushili and Senior Chief Ndubeni is accorded respect by all the LAMBA speaking people at all levels of discussion as they are regarded as Paramount Chiefs.

Despite many years of Urbanization ,the Lambas still maintain their culture and tradition. However , to understand their practice one must analyze them through the lenses of the Lambas themselves.

Life itself is spiritual

# Development of Copper mines in Zambia

Between 1890 - 1920 agriculture was main economic base in Zambia, bulk of population were subsistence farmers, a few employed as farm labourers, others forced to go and work in S. Rhodesia and S. African mines; very little mining in Zambia.

Mining started as an economic activity after 1900s'first, mine opened 1904 called Broken-Hill (Kabwe) offering Zinc, lead and vanadium.

Copper mining followed at Bwana Mukubwa and other areas in Copperbelt supervised by the British South Africa Company; permission given by BSAC to other organizations to look for more minerals in return for mineral royalties.

New mines opened up from 1920 because a number of factors favoured mining like availability of cheap African labour, use of modern machinery and technology; high demand for copper during the 1920's and 1930's in Europe for car and electrical industries; development of routes like rail line.

Real development of copper mining in Zambia was between the two world wars 1914-1946; four mines opened up: Roan Antelope and Mufulira operated by Roan select Trust in 1931, Nchanga and Nkhana-Kitwe run by Anglo-American Cooperation in 1920.

These mines brought in many white settlers who got jobs by virtue of being white not on qualification, Africans too like Bembas and Lozis came and got inferior jobs regardless of their qualifications because they were black.

Production of these minerals increased with passage of time; a copper refinery was built in 1934 at Nkana, economy boomed and shifted from agriculture based to mineral based.

Between 1930-1931 a world-wide economic slump threw more than half of the workers out of employment but by 1933 most of them were back in employment.

# Economic effects of the development of the Copper mines in Zambia

Zambians became more inclined to white collar jobs in offices instead of practical work.

Zambia experienced imported skilled labour with very high salaries.

Local manpower had low salaries even when they had equal qualification with whites. Some locals migrated in search of greener pastures elsewhere.

Dependance on one economic activity i.e. copper at the expense of agriculture, tourism and fishing.

Depopulation of rural areas as most people went to town to try their fortune.

Mining/Urban areas became developed in comparison to rural areas.

Zambia had to depend on loans from abroad for its capital in the mines. This created a problem of following the conditions of the owners of the money where a loan is from.

Markets for copper were abroad and the nations that bought copper decided on the price of copper.

The power used in the mines had to be imported. Coal and hydroelectric power came from Southern Rhodesia, oil from abroad via Southern Rhodesia. Besides UDI disrupted the flow of power.

Devaluation of the Zambian currency for the sake of obtaining loans, auction kwacha for a dollar, freezing salary increment decontrolling process all led to economic problems.

Zambia had to look for solutions to make the country self sufficient
• intensive development zones
• rural restructuring
• privatization job losses
• Emergence of welfare societies, trade unions and political parties
• Lead to urbanization
• Development of Copperbelt towns e.g. Luanshya, Kitwe, Mufulira, Chingola, Kalulushi and Chililabombwe

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On National duty at Musonda Girls STEM Secondary School