Gentle Touch Computer Training Institute

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CTRL+A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Select All
CTRL+C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copy
CTRL+X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cut
CTRL+V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paste
CTRL+Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Undo
CTRL+B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bold
CTRL+U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Underline
CTRL+I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Italic
F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Help
F2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rename selected object
F3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Find all files
F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Opens file list drop-down in dialogs
F5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refresh current window
F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shifts focus in Windows Explorer
F10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activates menu bar options
ALT+TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cycles between open applications
ALT+F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quit program, close current window
ALT+F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch between current program windows
ALT+ENTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Opens properties dialog
ALT+SPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System menu for current window
ALT+¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . opens drop-down lists in dialog boxes
BACKSPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switch to parent folder
CTRL+ESC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Opens Start menu
CTRL+ALT+DEL . . . . . . . . . . Opens task manager, reboots the computer
CTRL+TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Move through property tabs
CTRL+SHIFT+DRAG . . . . . . . Create shortcut (also right-click, drag)
CTRL+DRAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copy File
ESC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cancel last function
SHIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Press/hold SHIFT, insert CD-ROM to bypass auto-play
SHIFT+DRAG . . . . . . . . . . . . Move file
SHIFT+F10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Opens context menu (same as right-click)
SHIFT+DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . Full wipe delete (bypasses Recycle Bin)
ALT+ underlined letter . . . . Opens the corresponding menu
PC Keyboard Shortcuts
Like this page {PARKASH NEUPANE(Facebook)}
Document Cursor Controls
HOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to beginning of line or far left of field or screen
END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to end of line, or far right of field or screen
CTRL+HOME . . . . . . . . to the top
CTRL+END . . . . . . . . . . to the bottom
PAGE UP . . . . . . . . . . . . moves document or dialog box up one page
PAGE DOWN . . . . . . . . moves document or dialog down one page
ARROW KEYS . . . . . . . move focus in documents, dialogs, etc.
CTRL+ > . . . . . . . . . . . . next word
CTRL+SHIFT+ > . . . . . . selects word
Windows Explorer Tree Control
Numeric Keypad * . . . Expand all under current selection
Numeric Keypad + . . . Expands current selection
Numeric Keypad – . . . Collapses current selection
¦ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expand current selection or go to first child
‰ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collapse current selection or go to parent
Special Characters
‘ Opening single quote . . . alt 0145
’ Closing single quote . . . . alt 0146
“ Opening double quote . . . alt 0147
“ Closing double quote. . . . alt 0148
– En dash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0150
— Em dash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0151
… Ellipsis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0133
• Bullet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0149
• ®️ Registration Mark . . . . . . . alt 0174
• ©️ Copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0169
• ™️ Trademark . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0153
• ° Degree symbol. . . . . . . . . alt 0176
• ¢ Cent sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0162
• 1⁄4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0188
• 1⁄2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0189
• 3⁄4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0190
• PC Keyboard Shortcuts
• Creating unique images in a uniform world! Creating unique images in a uniform world!
• é . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0233
• É . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0201
• ñ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0241
• ÷ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alt 0247
• File menu options in current program
• Alt + E Edit options in current program
• F1 Universal help (for all programs)
• Ctrl + A Select all text
• Ctrl + X Cut selected item
• Shift + Del Cut selected item
• Ctrl + C Copy selected item
• Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
• Ctrl + V Paste
• Shift + Ins Paste
• Home Go to beginning of current line
• Ctrl + Home Go to beginning of document
• End Go to end of current line
• Ctrl + End Go to end of document
• Shift + Home Highlight from current position to beginning of line
• Shift + End Highlight from current position to end of line
• Ctrl + f Move one word to the left at a time
• Ctrl + g Move one word to the right at a time
• MICROSOFT®️ WINDOWS® SHORTCUT KEYS
• Alt + Tab Switch between open applications
• Alt +
• Shift + Tab
• Switch backwards between open
• applications
• Alt + Print
• Screen
• Create screen shot for current program
• Ctrl + Alt + Del Reboot/Windows®️ task manager
• Ctrl + Esc Bring up start menu
• Alt + Esc Switch between applications on taskbar
• F2 Rename selected icon
• F3 Start find from desktop
• F4 Open the drive selection when browsing
• F5 Refresh contents
• Alt + F4 Close current open program
• Ctrl + F4 Close window in program
• Ctrl + Plus
• Key
• Automatically adjust widths of all columns
• in Windows Explorer
• Alt + Enter Open properties window of selected icon
• or program
• Shift + F10 Simulate right-click on selected item
• Shift + Del Delete programs/files permanently
• Holding Shift
• During Bootup
• Boot safe mode or bypass system files
• Holding Shift
• During Bootup
• When putting in an audio CD, will prevent
• CD Player from playing
• WINKEY SHORTCUTS
• WINKEY + D Bring desktop to the top of other windows
• WINKEY + M Minimize all windows
• WINKEY +
• SHIFT + M
• Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M
• and WINKEY + D
• WINKEY + E Open Microsoft Explorer
• WINKEY + Tab Cycle through open programs on taskbar
• WINKEY + F Display the Windows®️ Search/Find feature
• WINKEY +
• CTRL + F
• Display the search for computers window
• WINKEY + F1 Display the Microsoft®️ Windows®️ help
• WINKEY + R Open the run window
• WINKEY +
• Pause /Break
• Open the system properties window
• WINKEY + U Open utility manager
• WINKEY + L Lock the computer (Windows XP®️ & later)
• OUTLOOK®️ SHORTCUT KEYS
• Alt + S Send the email
• Ctrl + C Copy selected text
• Ctrl + X Cut selected text
• Ctrl + P Open print dialog box
• Ctrl + K Complete name/email typed in address bar
• Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection
• Ctrl + I Italicize highlighted selection
• Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection
• Ctrl + R Reply to an email
• Ctrl + F Forward an email
• Ctrl + N Create a new email
• Ctrl + Shift + A Create a new appointment to your calendar
• Ctrl + Shift + O Open the outbox
• Ctrl + Shift + I Open the inbox
• Ctrl + Shift + K Add a new task
• Ctrl + Shift + C Create a new contact
• Ctrl + Shift+ J Create a new journal entry
• WORD®️ SHORTCUT KEYS
• Ctrl + A Select all contents of the page
• Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection
• Ctrl + C Copy selected text
• Ctrl + X Cut selected text
• Ctrl + N Open new/blank document
• Ctrl + O Open options
• Ctrl + P Open the print window
• Ctrl + F Open find box
• Ctrl + I Italicize highlighted selection
• Ctrl + K Insert link
• Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection
• Ctrl + V Paste
• Ctrl + Y Redo the last action performed
• Ctrl + Z Undo last action
• Ctrl + G Find and replace options
• Ctrl + H Find and replace options
• Ctrl + J Justify paragraph alignment
• Ctrl + L Align selected text or line to the left
• Ctrl + Q Align selected paragraph to the left
• Ctrl + E Align selected
__________The End__________

All Roads lead to Gentle Touch Pub & Grill where New year will be celebrated in style !

Where is your location ?

We are in ;

* Kamfinsa at Kamfinsa Market.

* Mwekera at Fisheries shopping area

* Ndeke Village behind the New Police houses.

Come and celebrate with us.

TurboFuture»Computers
The Three Major Components of a Computer System
Updated on February 8, 2019
amuno profile image
Alfred Amuno more
Alfred is a long-time teacher and computer enthusiast who works with and troubleshoots a wide range of computing devices.

Contact Author
The image illustrates the major components of a computer system
The image illustrates the major components of a computer system

There are three major components of a computer system:

hardware
software
humanware
Hardware and software exist together to make up the actual computer. The humanware component adds in the human factor in order to bring the whole computer into functional and productive existence.

Each of these components is necessary in order to enable meaningful productivity. If installed separately, each may be useful to an extent but incapable of achieving complete computing potential. Hardware and software need the human factor in order to make input and connectivity possible.

1. Computer Hardware

These are computer system components that can be touched by the human hand. Examples include:

Display monitor.
Keyboard.
Mouse.
Motherboard.
Memory modules.
Disk drive.
These parts are housed within the laptop or desktop system unit housing. For the desktop, however, the keyboard and mouse are attached externally.

A typical installation of computer hardware component
A typical installation of computer hardware component
The most important piece of hardware is the microprocessor chip. It is commonly known as the central processing unit (CPU).

New and slim laptop computers merge the traditional CPU and the graphics processing chip (GPU) into what is called accelerated processing unit (APU). These chips are usually attached to the motherboard in this slim laptops.

The CPU and APU are responsible for all arithmetic and graphics manipulation.

The AMD CPU is an example of a microprocessor and, as shown above, is attached to a motherboard.
The AMD CPU is an example of a microprocessor and, as shown above, is attached to a motherboard.

A component just as important is the disk drive. This is where computer data is stored. It is classified as secondary memory.

There are two popular types of disk drives to choose from.

Hard disk: This drive is mechanical by design and stores data on magnetic and metallic platters. Its data is read magnetically by read/write heads which make it reliant on an uninterrupted supply of power. A sudden power outage can lead to data loss or drive failure. It must be used properly for the sake of data integrity and long lifespan.

Solid state disk: This new type of disk drive stores data on flash memory chips and is less prone to erratic behavior. It is faster and reliable even in the event of sudden power outages.

An illustration of various hardware components inside the system unit.
An illustration of various hardware components inside the system unit.

Another vital part within a system is the motherboard. It provides communication and direct connectivity to devices throughout the computer.

Sample Acer motherboard.
Sample Acer motherboard.
Connectivity to a motherboard can be internal or external.

Internal devices that connect to the motherboard include:

Microprocessor (CPU).
Disk drive.
Random access memory (memory modules).
Power supply unit (PSU).
External peripherals that connect to the motherboard include:

Monitor.
Keyboard.
Mouse.
Printer.
Above is Apple's iMac computer, an example of a single unit computer set. It contains the system unit and monitor bundled together.
Above is Apple's iMac computer, an example of a single unit computer set. It contains the system unit and monitor bundled together.
Which one of the following is your preferred personal computer setup?
Traditional desktop computer set
Single unit desktop computer set
Laptop computer
Tablet computer
Phablet
Mobile phone
See results
Unlike the desktop and single unit computers, which have the mouse and keybaord as separate devices, the two are integrated within the laptop computer.
Unlike the desktop and single unit computers, which have the mouse and keybaord as separate devices, the two are integrated within the laptop computer.
2. Computer Software

The software component refers to the instructions, programs, data, and protocols which run on top of hardware. It is also retained temporarily and persistently in primary and secondary hardware media. The random access memory chip is an example of primary hardware while the hard disk drive is an example of secondary hardware.

An illustration of software componet running on a computer
An illustration of software componet running on a computer
Software can be divided into system, application, malicious and programming categories.

System Software
The system manages other software and devices inside the computer. The foremost example of system software is the operating system (OS).

In a typical setup, the operating system is like the motherboard for software. It is the first thing that is installed, followed by applications and other software. Three popular operating systems for traditional computers include Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

Popular mobile operating systems include Android OS, iPhone OS, Windows Phone OS, and Firefox OS.

What computer platform do you find easy to use?
Windows computers
Apple computers
See results

What operating system platform would you prefer to use MOST in future?
Windows
Mac
Linux
Windows and Mac
All
See results
Application Software
This is designed for end users to perform a specialized assignment in order to output useful information.

An example would be a word processing application used to compose letters or brochures, such as Microsoft Word.

Other popular examples include Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, and AutoCAD.

A collection of application software is bundled in a package that is commonly known as a software suite. A typical suite includes software for word processing, presentation, graphic design, and spreadsheet.

Examples include Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, and iWork.

Software is written in computer languages such as Visual Basic, C, and Java.

The software component is stored on optical media, disk drives and cloud storage spaces
The software component is stored on optical media, disk drives and cloud storage spaces
Malicious Software
Malware, is short for malicious software, which is a generic term that refers to exploitative code designed by criminals and black hat hackers to maim normal operations of a computer. Malware attack will result in data loss and hacker access to private information.

Affected computers can also be converted into zombies and used in a bigger mission of criminal activities like launching denial of service attack and spreading spam.

Malware scripts are delivered to the computer as viruses, trojans, rootkits, keyloggers, worms, or through email and websites as adware, spyware, ransomware and scareware.

Programming Software
These are tools used by developers to create all kinds of software like Windows OS and Word processing. Also called languages, they are used to write source codes, debug errors, maintain and create new software for computers and write malicious scripts like viruses and trojans.

Popular examples of high-level languages are Java, Javascript, BASIC, PHP, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual Basic, Python, Ruby, Perl, Java.

3. Humanware

The humanware component refers to the person that uses the computer. More specifically, it is about the individual that makes hardware and software components productive.

Typically, a great deal of testing is done on software packages and hardware parts to ensure they enhance the end-user experience to aid in creating documents, musical and video recordings, and all forms of raw and finished data.

A cute example of humanware.
A cute example of humanware.
The Analogy of Components of a Computer
In a nutshell, a working computer system can be compared to a functioning kitchen.

Food and cooking utensils are hardware.
The recipe is software.
The chef is humanware.
Even after purchasing the freshest ingredients and the finest pots and pans, there will not be a good meal without a chef. He/she will make good use of listed recipes to make good of the ingredients and utensils.

Both hardware and software are complemented by the works of a human to produce a fully functional computer system.

This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.

© 2012 Alfred Amuno

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COMMENTS
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Emmanuel oluwakemi

6 weeks ago

It's such an intelligent explanation. God bless

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Ashafa Aliyu

6 weeks ago

seriously am very happy for this wapsite.so that thanks.you

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MUSTAPHA

7 weeks ago

I Am enjoying your webside so, thank you Extremly much.

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waswaka emma

2 months ago

really you have given the way to go

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musa hussein

2 months ago

Thanks a lot

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Benjamin Botwe

2 months ago

you people have great gifts and talents to tut ..am giving you a 6star*

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Amah Blessed

3 months ago

I'm grateful. Thanks dearly!

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Moses

5 months ago

Have loved the descriptions and yeah it makes some one easy to perceive the content .

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sylvester

6 months ago

thanks for the notes

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ccccccc

6 months ago

ya its great

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Israel

6 months ago

Educating

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jeffry

6 months ago

its educational

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Temmy

7 months ago

Easy and straightforward. Good work

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Lovely beautiful work

7 months ago

I am impressed

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Emmanuel

7 months ago

that nicely

i love that's

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odunayo

7 months ago

great work

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Lawrental

7 months ago

Great! What a simplify way of teaching beginners.

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flynnsfreelance

7 months ago

Thank you for this info. teaching a beginners class - useful!

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Gold

7 months ago

Great

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Mickhael

8 months ago

Nice Excellent Job....Please i would like to know the main component of a personal computer system, pls I need an answer now

amuno profile imageAUTHOR
Alfred Amuno

8 months ago from Kampala

Thanks Cent and all that make their thoughts loud and clear. I am grateful the content herein is beneficial to the readers.

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Cent

8 months ago

Wonderful

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Kevins

8 months ago

Wonderful

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walter chirande

9 months ago

great

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joseph jackson makoye

10 months ago

oooh add more

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Asif Ali

10 months ago

helpfull data (very nice)

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MUZEHE GHANDI

10 months ago

HELPFUL THX TOO

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Shewin Bagnes

10 months ago

Very Helpful Thanks!

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Ayodele Abosede Imoleayo

11 months ago

I like it

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Jerome Jay Karwon

12 months ago

In discussing the basic parts of a computer, why do people include CPU, Power cable, CD ROM, etc. which are amazingly parts of the System Unit or Computer Case? I want to know...

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Cheward

12 months ago

Very helpful

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-

12 months ago

Very Helpful Thanks!

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Seth.

13 months ago

Helps a lot

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Farhan

13 months ago

Well questions

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Shu'aib Wa'alamu shika

13 months ago

Tnks u for ur assistant

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Ruth Anivai

13 months ago

These notes are really a big help to me.

Thank you.

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Fridah Chimupeni

13 months ago

Thank you so much for your information

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Maryam Bala Ningi

13 months ago

excellent job thanks for your assistance

I thank you and thank God

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Efetobore

13 months ago

loving

&

easy to learn

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shikor

13 months ago

it's helpful

amuno profile imageAUTHOR
Alfred Amuno

13 months ago from Kampala

Thank you all for appreciating

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Oluwatoyosi

13 months ago

love it

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sely

14 months ago

Very nice $ educative i waz illitrate bt now am literate

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bernadette mwongeli omc

14 months ago

a nice and educative forum

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Frank Mitchels

14 months ago

Wow great stuff, really interesting how computers work. I'm 57 and my 11 year old grandson has been teaching me how to use them, but when he's not there i rely on stuff on the 'web. Thanks again for your helpful page, good to see someone is informing us old fokes on this new tech.

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ronald ucu

14 months ago

good notes

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Prosper

15 months ago

Nice one

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Bhawana sharma

16 months ago

Knowledgeable

amuno profile imageAUTHOR
Alfred Amuno

16 months ago from Kampala

Thanks Abdul

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abdul malik

16 months ago

very nice notes on computer and also parts of computer.

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ivan geofrey

17 months ago

good notes ,the help me to understand types of disk

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Salia Sheriff

18 months ago

Thank you very much for allowing me to know the difference between SSD and HDD. You make my day easy.

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Alhassan Usman Buratai

18 months ago

Wow such a wonderful comprehensive, essential explanation on computer issues. Thanks you a lot for this excellent job...

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Sam Ru

18 months ago

this is quite intriguing..hope to learn a whole lot more!!



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sunday john

18 months ago

i was confused in some part of. component of computer but now am well understood. thanks to our potential analyst

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faeezah yunusa

18 months ago

What are the gains of computer to the society

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Maryam Ali

19 months ago

What Are The Example Of Human Ware

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Anonymous

19 months ago

Humanware Is Love

Humanware Is Life

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randy

20 months ago

This is loving

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Bryanna

20 months ago

I love this

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Emmanuel D.Sumo

20 months ago

Many thanks to our potential analyst

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dianne ocampo

20 months ago

great thanks a lot mwaa

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bien clarence

20 months ago

ilove sir jovi

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Hussaini Yahaya Abdullahi Bununu

20 months ago

we thank God about modern technology.

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muhidmah

20 months ago

thanks alot

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caleb

21 months ago

yaaaaaani i was stuck but am now confident enough to stand before my students to explain the three components of the computer clearly and preciously.

thanks mr Amuno

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jannah calim

2 years ago

thankshubpage

amuno profile imageAUTHOR
Alfred Amuno

3 years ago from Kampala

Good to know Maria

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Maria Hathaway

3 years ago

This article has really taught me a lot. I never understood this part of the computer, but now I do. Thank you very much.

amuno profile imageAUTHOR
Alfred Amuno

6 years ago from Kampala

Thanks Thranax. I believe little articles in Hubpages should go about passing info like this around.

thranax profile image
Andrew

6 years ago from Rep Boston MA

Nice little overview anyone can understand. It's a step in the right direction to teach the general population computers aren't scary and learning about them isn't difficult!

~thranax~

✍🏻✍🏻...... 🍃🍃🍃...... ✍🏻✍🏻
Complete List of MS Excel Shortcut Key
Ctrl+A - Select All
Ctrl+B - Bold
Ctrl+C - Copy
Ctrl+D - Fill Down
Ctrl+F - Find
Ctrl+G - Goto
Ctrl+H - Replace
Ctrl+I - Italic
Ctrl+K - Insert Hyperlink
Ctrl+N - New Workbook
Ctrl+O - Open
Ctrl+P - Print
Ctrl+R - Fill Right
Ctrl+S - Save
Ctrl+U - Underline
Ctrl+V - Paste
Ctrl W - Close
Ctrl+X - Cut
Ctrl+Y - Repeat
Ctrl+Z - Undo
F1 - Help
F2 - Edit
F3 - Paste Name
F4 - Repeat last action
F4 - While typing a formula, switch between absolute/relative refs
F5 - Goto
F6 - Next Pane
F7 - Spell check
F8 - Extend mode
F9 - Recalculate all workbooks
F10 - Activate Menubar
F11 - New Chart
F12 - Save As
Ctrl+: - Insert Current Time
Ctrl+; - Insert Current Date
Ctrl+" - Copy Value from Cell Above
Ctrl+’ - Copy Formula from Cell Above
Shift - Hold down shift for additional functions in Excel’s menu
Shift+F1 - What’s This?
Shift+F2 - Edit cell comment
Shift+F3 - Paste function into formula
Shift+F4 - Find Next
Shift+F5 - Find
Shift+F6 - Previous Pane
Shift+F8 - Add to selection
Shift+F9 - Calculate active worksheet
Shift+F10 - Display shortcut menu
Shift+F11 - New worksheet
Shift+F12 - Save
Ctrl+F3 - Define name
Ctrl+F4 - Close
Ctrl+F5 - XL, Restore window size
Ctrl+F6 - Next workbook window
Shift+Ctrl+F6 - Previous workbook window
Ctrl+F7 - Move window
Ctrl+F8 - Resize window
Ctrl+F9 - Minimize workbook
Ctrl+F10 - Maximize or restore window
Ctrl+F11 - Inset 4.0 Macro sheet
Ctrl+F1 - File Open
Alt+F1 - Insert Chart
Alt+F2 - Save As
Alt+F4 - Exit
Alt+F8 - Macro dialog box
Alt+F11 - Visual Basic Editor
Ctrl+Shift+F3 - Create name by using names of row and column labels
Ctrl+Shift+F6 - Previous Window
Ctrl+Shift+F12 - Print
Alt+Shift+F1 - New worksheet
Alt+Shift+F2 - Save
Alt+= - AutoSum
Ctrl+` - Toggle Value/Formula display
Ctrl+Shift+A - Insert argument names into formula
Alt+Down arrow - Displayy AutoComplete list
Alt+’ - Format Style dialog box
Ctrl+Shift+~ - General format
Ctrl+Shift+! - Comma format
Ctrl+Shift+@ - Time format
Ctrl+Shift+ # - Date format
Ctrl+Shift+$ - Currency format
Ctrl+Shift+% - Percent format
Ctrl+Shift+^ - Exponential format
Ctrl+Shift+& - Place outline border around selected cells
Ctrl+Shift+_ - Remove outline border
Ctrl+Shift+* - Select current region
Ctrl++ - Insert
Ctrl+- - Delete
Ctrl+1 - Format cells dialog box
Ctrl+2 - Bold
Ctrl+3 - Italic
Ctrl+4 - Underline
Ctrl+5 - Strikethrough
Ctrl+6 - Show/Hide objects
Ctrl+7 - Show/Hide Standard toolbar
Ctrl+8 - Toggle Outline symbols
Ctrl+9 - Hide rows
Ctrl+0 - Hide columns
Ctrl+Shift+( - Unhide rows
Ctrl+Shift+) - Unhide columns
Alt or F10 - Activate the menu
Ctrl+Tab - In toolbar: next toolbar
Shift+Ctrl+Tab - In toolbar: previous toolbar
Ctrl+Tab - In a workbook: activate next workbook
Shift+Ctrl+Tab - In a workbook: activate previous workbook
Tab - Next tool
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Computer languages

Computer language or programming language is a code used by computer programmers to communicate with computers. Computer language software establishes a flow of communication between software programs. Computer language helps a computer user identify the command necessary to process computer data. These languages ​​can be classified into the following categories:
1. Machine language
2. Assembly language
3. High level language

machine language
Machine language or machine code is the basic language that is understood by the central processing unit of the computer or the CPU. Understanding this type of computer language is not easy because it uses a binary system, (number made up of only one and zero) to give this command.

Assembly language
Assembly language is a set of code that can be run directly on the computer's processor. This language is most suitable for writing operating systems and maintaining desktop applications. With assembly language, it is easy for a programmer to define a command. It is easier to understand and use than machine language.

High level language
High-level languages ​​are user-friendly languages ​​that are similar to English in the vocabulary of words and symbols. These are easy to learn and less time is needed to write them.
They are problem oriented rather than 'machine-based'.

A written program in a high level language can be translated into several machine languages ​​and can run them on any computer in the presence of an appropriate translator.
There have been many high level languages ​​since Fortran II (and many have disappeared), the following are the most widely used languages:

COBOL: For Business Applications
Fortran: For Engineering and Scientific Applications
Pascal: In general use and as a teaching tool
C and C ++: for general purpose - currently the most popular
PROLOG: For Artificial Intelligence
Java: - For getting gaming from web content and fast popular

Compiler and Interpreter
This is a program that executes the instructions written in a high level language. There are two ways to run a program written in a high level language. The most common - while compiling the program; The other method is to run the program through an interpreter.

a. compiler

A compiler is a special program that processes a special programming language, written code in the source code, and converts it into machine language or "machine code", which uses a computer's processor.
The compiler translates high-level language programs directly into machine language. This process is called Compilation.

b. Interpreter
An interpreter translates high level instructions into an intermediate form, which it then executes. Compiled programs generally run faster than interpreted programs. One, however, the advantage of an interpreter is that it does not need to go through the machine instructions that are produced during the compiling phase. If the program is longer then this process can be time-consu