The Zuku Review

NAVLE® Question of the Day Tuesday, Jan 14th, 2025

A 15-year-old Quarter horse mare is presented for right front lameness grade 3/5 on the AAEP lameness scale (lameness consistently visible at the trot). She becomes sound after an abaxial nerve block.

Radiographs of the distal limb look are shown below.

What is the common name for the top differential diagnosis?

A - Pedal osteitis
B - High ringbone
C - Chronic proliferative synovitis
D - Spavin
E - Exostosis of the second metacarpal

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2296

NAVLE® Question of the day

A horse presents with distal limb edema in all 4 limbs (as seen below), petechiae of the mucous membranes, depression, and a low-grade fever of 101.9°F/38.8°C (N = 99-101°F, 37.2-38.3°C). Multiple horses in the stable recently suffered from an upper respiratory infection of undiagnosed etiology.

Which type of immune reaction is most likely responsible for the vasculitis in this horse?

A - Antibody-mediated cytotoxic reactions (type II)
B - Immediate hypersensitivity and atopy (type I)
C - Cell-mediated immune reactions (type IV)
D - Antigen-antibody complex (type III)
E - None of these

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2295

Zuku LIVE! Stress Less, Score Higher on the NAVLE® 🦉 -

Zuku LIVE! Stress Less, Score Higher on the NAVLE® 🦉

Zuku LIVE! Top Equine GI Parasites Don't Miss It! 🐎 -

Zuku LIVE! Top Equine GI Parasites Don't Miss It! 🐎

NAVLE® Question of the Day Thursday, Jan 9th, 2025

A four-month-old female mixed breed puppy is presented with a one-month history of generalized wobbliness when walking and head-bobbing when attempting to eat. The signs have not progressed.

Two MRI images are shown below.

What is the diagnosis?

A - Cerebellar hypoplasia
B - Distemper encephalitis
C - Lead toxicosis
D - Normal MRI
E - Chiari malformation

Click below to enlarge images and to answer question:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2283

NAVLE® Question of the Day Friday, Jan 3rd, 2025

Some farmed salmon appear lethargic with darkened skin and exophthalmia. Necropsy of one that died reveals vent hemorrhages and grayish granulomatous nodules on the kidneys.

Gram stain from the kidney lesion reveals the intracellular bacteria shown below.

What is the best option to prevent this condition?

A - Screen broodstock with qPCR and cull positives
B - Increase water temp in tank/pond to 52-63 ºF (11-17°C); supplement diet with vitamin C
C - Treat incoming fish positive on ELISA with formalin
D - Vaccinate all new arrivals
E - Oxytetracycline in water; remove fish older than 2 years

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2269

NAVLE® Question of the Day Tuesday, Jan 7th, 2025

A long eared owl with a history of wing amputation is presented with anorexia, lethargy, and ataxia. Radiograph are shown below.

The top image is a plain lateral radiograph. The bottom lateral radiograph was obtained after oral administration of 7 mL 50% barium suspension.

Which one of the following structures has pathology?

A - Cloaca
B - Gizzard
C - Coelom
D - Ventriculus
E - Proventriculus

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2281

🐴Zuku LIVE! Top Equine GI Parasites to know NAVLE® & BCSE -

🐴Zuku LIVE! Top Equine GI Parasites to know NAVLE® & BCSE

NAVLE® Question of the Day Wednesday, Jan 8th, 2025

A client with a small backyard flock presents a chicken carcass for necropsy. She says the bird had lost significant weight, was slow to move around, and was limping.

Necropsy reveals various-sized granulomatous lesions distributed throughout the spleen, liver, intestines, and bone marrow, as seen below.

What is the presumptive diagnosis?

Avian tuberculosis
Infectious coryza
Colibacillosis
Ulcerative enteritis
Candidiasis

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2282

NAVLE® Question of the Day Thursday, Jan 2nd, 2025

A young cat with a pot belly and dull coat has vomited up a hairball that contains a large tapeworm and many smaller worms (shown up close in the second picture below).

What are the smaller parasites?

A - Toxocara cati
B - Strongyloides stercoralis
C - Trichuris vulpis
D - Ancylostoma tubaeforme
E - Spirocerca lupi

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2268

NAVLE® Question of the Day Wednesday, Jan 1st, 2025

Cytological evaluation of a blood smear from a sick horse reveals the following (see below).

Which constellation of signs would you expect in a typical acute case of a horse with this disease?



A - Fever, petechiations, hemolytic anemia
B - Limb edema, ventricular arrhythmias, ataxia
C - Elevated serum liver enzymes, hyperammonemia, head-pressing
D - Nystagmus, head tilt, strabismus
E - Weight loss, partial anorexia, poor performance

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2267

NAVLE® Question of the Day Tuesday, Dec 31st, 2024

The image below shows pemphigus foliaceus on a dog's abdomen.

Pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris, and bullous pemphigoid are examples of which type of immune-mediated disease?

A - Type IV - antigen triggers cell-mediated cytokine release, activates macrophages and production of cytotoxic T cells
B - Type III - antigen-antibody complexes deposited in tissues
C - Delayed hypersensitivity
D - Type II - antibody binds cell antigen and activates complement
E - Type I - immediate IGE-mediated hypersensitivity

Click below to answer:

https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2266

NAVLE® Question of the Day Friday, Dec 27th, 2024

A four-month-old Jack Russell terrier puppy was playing outdoors. Later that evening the owner noticed that the puppy was wheezing and coughing.

Based on the radiographs, what would be the best step to take next?

A - Bronchoscopy
B - Edrophonium challenge test
C - Dental prophylaxis
D - Trans-tracheal wash
E - Barium swallow

Click below to enlarge images and answer question:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2254

NAVLE® Question of the Day Thursday, Dec 26th, 2024

A dead goat is presented to a veterinarian in the Caribbean.

The farmer reports that the goat hadn?t been eating well yesterday, then this morning was breathing hard and walking with a strange high-stepping gait.
She eventually went down and started paddling with her head twisted back just before death.

Necropsy reveals the following finding (blue arrow) adjacent to the heart:
He is worried about his other goats.

What vector is responsible for transmitting the infectious agent most likely responsible for this goat?s condition?

A - Amblyomma spp. ticks
B - Tabanids (e.g., the horse fly)
C - Damalinia caprae lice
D - Musca autumnalis (the face fly)
E - Dermacentor spp. ticks

Click below to answer:

https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2253

NAVLE® Question of the Day Monday, Dec 23rd, 2024

A 12-year-old Belgian draft horse gelding is presented with severe hyperkeratosis and scaling on the caudal aspects of all four pasterns. The parasite shown below is found on a skin scraping of one of the lesions.

Which one of the following choices is the correct diagnosis?

Trombiculiasis
Sarcoptic dermatitis
Chorioptic mange
Cheyletiellosis
Demodecosis

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2249

NAVLE® Question of the Day Friday, Dec 20th, 2024

Cytological evaluation of a blood smear from a sick horse reveals the following (see below).

Which constellation of signs would you expect in a typical acute case of a horse with this disease?



A - Weight loss, partial anorexia, poor performance
B - Fever, petechiations, hemolytic anemia
C - Elevated serum liver enzymes, hyperammonemia, head-pressing
D - Limb edema, ventricular arrhythmias, ataxia
E - Nystagmus, head tilt, strabismus

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2248

NAVLE® Question of the Day Thursday, Dec 19th, 2024

A nine-year-old Quarterhorse mare is presented with a right hind limb lameness.

She tends to drag the right toe, and has a stabbing gait in that limb (adducts hindlimb, then suddenly abducts it just before the hoof hits the ground).

Hock flexion of the right hind significantly exacerbates the lameness for 5-6 strides. A radiograph of the hock is taken, shown below.

What is the common name for this problem?
A - Osselets
B - Tarsal hydrarthrosis
C - Splints
D - Ringbone
E - Bone spavin

Click below to answer:
https://zukureview.com/zuku-qod/navle/2247