Elevate the Future VN

𝗗𝗔𝗥𝗪𝗜𝗡'𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 🍃🦒

𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗶𝘀 𝗗𝗮𝗿𝘄𝗶𝗻?
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a British geologist and biologist, primarily know for his contributions to the evolution of biology. One of his main propositions includes his theory of Natural Selection.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:
According to Charles Darwin, evolution is defined as “descent with modification”. In simpler terms, equally meaning that species modify over time, give rise to new species and share a common ancestor.

𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗗𝗮𝗿𝘄𝗶𝗻’𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗿𝘆:
➕ Natural selection is the theory behind evolution put forth by Charles Darwin. Given the scarcity of resources in nature promotes survival and reproduction, this would result in organisms with heritable traits suited to the environment leaving more offspring than their contemporaries. Accordingly, the traits would increase in frequency over generations.
➕ Natural selection causes populations to become adapted, or increasingly well-suited, to their environments over time. Natural selection depends on the environment and requires existing heritable variation in a group.
➕ “Survival of the fittest” is a phrase that could summarise Darwin’s theory of natural selection in one sentence.


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𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀:
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/course/session2/explain_c_pop2.html #:~:text=Evolution%3A%20Summary%20of%20Darwin's%20Theory%20of%20Evolution&text=A%20species%20is%20a%20population,interbreeds%20and%20has%20fertile%20offspring.&text=Living%20organisms%20have%20descended%20with%20modifications%20from%20species%20that%20lived%20before%20them.&text=More%20organisms%20are%20produced%20than%20can%20survive%20because%20of%20limited%20resources.

https://study.com/learn/lesson/darwins-theory-of-natural-selection-concept-overview.html

𝗭𝗢𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗪𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗘! 🐘

𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗭𝗼𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆?
Zoology refers to the branch of biology which includes the classification and the properties and vital phenomena of animals.

In simple terms, it is the study of all animals of shapes and sizes, ranging from tiny insects to large mammals.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗭𝗼𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆:
◦ 450-370 B.C.: Hippocrates-Establishment of the first biomedical tradition.
The first extensive body was developed by Hippocrates, a famous Greek physician.
◦ 384-322 B.C.: Aristotle-The foundation of Zoology as a science.
Aristotle developed and spread the study of zoology widley.
◦ 130-200 A.D: Galen-Development of anatomy and physiology.
◦ 1543: Vesalieus, Andreas-First modern interpretation of anatomical structures.
◦ 1758: Carolous Linnaeus- The development of the binomial nomenclature system of taxonomy.
◦ 1918: Starlin Ernest- Thrive in cardiac biology with great contributions.
◦ 2000: Human Genome Project- An international science project conducted from ◦ 2000 to 2993 to determine the sequencing and identifying chemical base pairs in DNA.

𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗭𝗼𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆:
Researchers who study animals in labs or field settings.
Wildlife rehabilitators who treats wild animals that are orphaned or injured so that they can improve their health and return to their natural habitat.
Zookeepers and zoo curators who take care of zoo animals, monitor their behaviour and train them.


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𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀:
https://www.amnh.org/explore/ology/zoology #:~:text=Zoology%20is%20the%20study%20of,animals%20interact%20with%20their%20habitats.
https://biologydictionary.net/zoology/

𝗪𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗜𝗦 𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗥?

𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿:
Cancer is scientifically defined as a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.

𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀:
Cancer develops when normal cells undergo a transition into tumour cells in a multi-stage process that often goes from a pre-cancerous lesion to a malignant tumour. These modifications are the outcome of interactions between an individual’s genetic factors and 3 categories of external forces, such as:
➕Physical carcinogens (ex:. Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation)
➕Chemical carcinogens (ex:. Abessstos, components of to***co smoke, alcohol)
➕Biological carcinogens (ex:. Infections from certain viruses, bacteria, or parasites)

𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:
Risks of cancer could be reduced by:
➕Cutting to***co usage
➕Maintaining a healthy diet
➕Proceeding with physical activities on a regular basis
➕Avoiding or reducing consumption of alcohol
➕Avoiding ultraviolet exposure

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𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀:
https://www.britannica.com/science/cancer-disease/Causes-of-cancer
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/understanding-cancer/what-is-cancer.html

𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 🧬

Gene mutations are changes to the DNA sequence that happen during cell division when the cells within an individual make copies of themselves.

🧫 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗠𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀:
The DNA sequence provides the cells the information required to accurately perform their functions.

Accordingly, this means that if genetic mutations result in a part of an individual’s DNA sequence being misplaced, incomplete, or getting damaged, this may cause severe symptoms of genetic conditions (ex:. cancer).

On the other hand, it ay also fournish positive outcomes, such as ensuring humans to better adapt to their environment over time.

🧫 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻 𝗱𝗼 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗠𝘂𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗵𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗻?
Genetic mutations occur during cell division, when the cells divide and replicate.

🧫 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟮 𝘁𝘆𝗽𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗲:

➕𝘔𝘪𝘵𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘴: The process by which the body makes new cells.
During mitosis, the genes direct the cells to divide into 2 during mitosis by creating a duplicate of each of the chromosomes.

➕𝘔𝘦𝘪𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘴: The process involving the creation of s***m and egg cells for the following generation.
During meiosis, chromosomes replicate themselves by half the amount of chromosomes s the original (from 46 to 23). This allows the offspring to receive their genetic material equally from each parent.


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Sources:
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/gene-mutations.html
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/understanding-cancer/genes-and-cancer/gene-changes.html

❤️‍🩹 𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗥 𝗧𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗬𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗔 ❤️‍🩹

𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗧𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘆𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗮? 🩹
Ventricular tachycardia, also known as VT or V-tach, refers to an abnormal heart rhythm, or arrhythmia. This occurs when the lower chamber of the heart beats too fast to pump well and the body does not receive enough oxygenated blood.

*𝙖𝙧𝙧𝙝𝙮𝙩𝙝𝙢𝙞𝙖 - a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm

𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝘀 𝗩-𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗱𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀? 🩹
An electrical impulse from the sinus node, a small region in the right atrium (right upper chamber) of the heart, commences a regular heartbeat. The lower chambers (ventricles) are where ventricular tachycardia starts and it is extremely rapid.

Ventricular tachycardia may not be problematic is it only lasts a few seconds. However, persistent VT may drop blood pressure, which can cause syncope (fainting) or dizziness. Additionally, ventricular tachycardia can result in cardiac arrest and the potentially fatal arrhythmia ventricular fibrillation.

𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘆𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗮? 🩹
Structural Heart Disease:
Ventricular tachycardia is most commonly caused when the heart muscle has been damaged and scar tissue creates unusual electrical pathways in the ventricles.

Major causes include:
Heart attack
Cardiomyopathy / heart failure
Myocarditis
Heart valve disease

𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝘁𝗼𝗺𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘆𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗮: 🩹
➕Chest pain
➕Dizziness
➕Fainting (syncope)
➕Shortness of breath
➕Cardiac arrest


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𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAfj5AHxC2I
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ventricular-tachycardia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355138
https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/v/ventricular-tachycardia-1.html

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗣𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗛𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗬

𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗯𝗶𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆?
Biotechnology refers to the utilization of biological processes, organisms or systems to produce products in order to improve human lives. In simpler terms, engineering of organisms for the purpose of human usage.


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𝙎𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙘𝙚𝙨:
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1023
https://www.lonestar.edu/history-of-biotechnology.htm
https://unacademy.com/content/kerala-psc/study-material/science-technology/developments-in-biotechnology/

𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗜𝗡 - 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗗𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗕𝗢𝗗𝗬

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗽 𝗼𝗳 ‘𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻𝘀’
We all know that a cell consists of three major components: the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.(1)

For humans to grow and develop, cells require organization, energy, division, multiplication, and communication with other cells. 'Motor proteins' are a collection of diverse molecules that perform these functions.

Without these motor proteins, the genetic material contained in the nucleolus of the nucleus would not be distributed correctly to the trillions of newly formed cells we produce daily.(2)

𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 ‘𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗻’ supermodel that belongs to the ‘motor proteins’ group?
Kinesins are molecular motors based on microtubules; in other words, they are molecules. This relates to the field of Biological Engineering. Kinesins are characterized by their two coordinated 'legs' that enable them to walk along a microtubule track. While 'cat-walking' on the track, they transport a large 'cargo' consisting of cellular materials such as sustenance, signaling molecules, and genetic information.

𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗶𝘀 𝗮 ‘𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗻’𝘀’ 𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘁?
This Kinesins super model isn’t only known for its graceful motion, but also for its speed and efficiency relative to their size.

In order to move, each foot utilizes chemical energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) molecules generated by cellular processes that float within the cell. As one foot seizes a passing ATP molecule, it transforms and propels itself forward by swinging around the central coil. The other foot remains adhered to the microtubule, so it does not slide off and eventually acquires ATP molecules as well.(3)

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𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀:
(1) https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cell

(2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBo_o0iO68U

(3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgR4ojtPw5Q

Diagram inspired by: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesin

We are Elevate the Future, Vietnam, a youth organization that aims to support students in exploring their passions and potential careers through workshops and interactions with guest speakers.

We are finally back with our annual 2023 spring workshop Ready, Set, Spring! 🚀🌿 To register, please visit our link in bio or below https://forms.gle/SvB3Ndu1Tf2wtztq7

For students in middle school and high school who are interested in Economics & Finance and Applied Science 🌏

Our workshop schedule:
☑️ Economics & Finance: 28th Jan & 29th Jan (3:00pm ~ 5:00pm)
☑️ Physics (Sustainable Development): 28th Jan & 4th Feb (10:00am ~ 11:00am)
☑️ Biology (Immunity & Aging): 4th Feb & 5th Feb (3:00pm ~ 4:00pm)

We are holding a limited number of spots for each workshop. The registration will be closed after a certain number is reached. First come, first served!