08/09/2026
Which option is your family using or exploring this year? Iād love to hear what is working for you!
Microschool, learning pod, co-op, hybrid school, public school at homeāwhat do these terms actually mean?
Although these options may look similar, they are not the same educationally or legally. Here is a simple glossary:
The Non-Traditional Schooling Glossary -->
Homeschool: The parent directs the education, chooses the curriculum, and remains legally responsible.
Public School at Home: A tuition-free public school completed at home. The school controls the curriculum, attendance requirements, and testing.
Microschool: A small schoolāoften with 5ā15 studentsāled by a teacher or director who manages instruction and daily operations.
Learning Pod: A small group of families sharing instruction, supervision, or the cost of hiring a tutor.
Homeschool Co-op: Homeschool families meeting regularly for shared classes, activities, and social opportunities. Parents generally remain responsible for their childrenās education.
Hybrid School: A combination of scheduled classroom instruction and assigned learning at home.
Private Online School: A tuition-based private school providing online instruction, records, and sometimes a diploma.
Online Curriculum Provider: A company providing lessons or courses for families to use at home. Purchasing an online curriculum does not necessarily mean your child is enrolled in a school.
Dual Enrollment: A high school student takes college courses while also completing high school. Courses may be offered through community colleges, universities, public school partnerships, private schools, or homeschool arrangements.
Concurrent Enrollment: A form of dual enrollment in which a college-approved course is often taught through a high school or school partnership. Some states use āconcurrent enrollmentā and ādual enrollmentā interchangeably.
Early College or Middle College: A structured program combining high school and college coursework. Students may earn substantial college creditāand sometimes an associate degreeāwhile completing high school.
The Simplest Distinctions
A microschool is a small school.
A homeschool is directed by a family.
A pod is a shared learning group.
A co-op is a homeschool community.
A hybrid combines classroom and home learning.
Public school at home is still public school.
Dual enrollment combines high school with college courses.
An online curriculum is not necessarily an online school.
Why State Laws Matter
These are common educational termsānot universal legal classifications.
Each state determines how homeschools, microschools, pods, co-ops, tutors, private schools, and hybrid programs are regulated. Even the same term may have a different legal meaning from one state to another.
Before choosing a program, find out:
Who is legally responsible for the student?
Who chooses the curriculum?
Who maintains attendance and educational records?
Is the student legally homeschooled, privately schooled, or publicly schooled?
What filing, testing, or recordkeeping requirements apply?
Will dual-enrollment courses provide high school credit, college credit, or both?
A Special Note for North Carolina Families
Career & College Promise: North Carolinaās tuition-free dual-enrollment program allows eligible high school studentsāincluding homeschool studentsāto take approved community-college courses. Available pathways may lead toward college transfer, career credentials, certificates, diplomas, or degrees.
Career & College Promise is one specific North Carolina dual-enrollment program. It is not the general name for every type of dual enrollment.
North Carolina families should also understand the state requirements affecting homeschools, co-ops, tutors, group instruction, virtual public schools, and other educational arrangements.
If you have not completed it yet, take the Legal Course inside The Homeschool Teacher Training Academy. It will help you understand your own stateās homeschool requirements and make informed decisions with confidence.
Families can also combine options. You may homeschool while participating in a co-op, pod, community class, online course, or dual-enrollment program.
Happy Homeschooling,
Angie Cutlip, M.Ed.
The Homeschool Teacher Training Academy