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Chemistry Terminology

Atom – The smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties.
Molecule – A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
Element – A pure substance made of only one type of atom.
Compound – A substance formed when two or more elements combine chemically.
Mixture – A physical combination of two or more substances.
Reactants – Substances that take part in a chemical reaction.
Products – New substances formed after a chemical reaction.
Chemical Reaction – A process in which substances change into new substances.
Valency – The combining capacity of an element.
Atomic Number – The number of protons present in an atom.
Molecular Formula – Shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
Solution – A homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.
Acid – A substance that produces H⁺ ions in solution.
Base – A substance that produces OH⁻ ions in solution.
pH Scale – A scale used to measure acidity or basicity of a solution.

Honourary Doctorate Award Ceremony organised by Honoris Causa Award Council in Delhi (India)
Supported by International Open University Of Wellness Science
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In 1783, introduced the theory which held that heat could neither be created nor be destroyed. Since then this theory had dominated thinking in the science of heat. In 1841, an English man challenged it and discovered that heat could be generated by an electric current, (by mechanical works also). This was one of the most ground-breaking discoveries in the history of science: that heat is a form of energy. Initially, his ideas were rejected but eventually his ideas would become the cornerstone of one of the most fundamental scientific laws ever discovered, the first law of . That great English man is our "scientist of the day" today.

It's the birthday of , one of the greatest scientists in the history of physics - - -

(Scientist of the Day - 24 December)

Joule was homeschooled. One of his teachers was the famous chemist . He received no formal university education in science. In 1841, he discovered what became known as Joule's Law. His experiments showed that heat could be generated by an electric current (look the equation shown in image). In 1843, he presented his results to a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in Cambridge, but contemporary anecdotes claim that he was met by a stony silence.

On 20 June 1844, he submitted his results (about heat could be generated by an electric current and by mechanical works) to the most prestigious scientific group of all, the , who refused to publish his work because this was a direct challenge to the caloric theory.

In 1847, Joule once again presented his ideas, (paper On The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat) this time to the British Association at Oxford, which was attended by , , and William Thomson ( ). Stokes was "inclined to be a Joulite" and Faraday was "much struck with it" though he harboured doubts. Thomson was intrigued but sceptical. From here Joule's fortunes began to turn.

In 1850, Joule published a refined measurement of mechanical equivalent of 772.692 foot-pounds force per British thermal unit (4,150 J/Cal), closer to 20th century estimates. Later, he worked with Lord Kelvin to develop an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale, which came to be called the Kelvin - scale.

In 1850, he was made a fellow of the Royal Society, in 1852 he was awarded the Royal Medal, and in 1872, he was named President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the same group that had rejected his ideas back in 1843. The SI derived unit of energy, the joule, is named after him.

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Shakuntala Devi (1929 – 2013) was an Indian mental calculator, astrologer, and writer, popularly known as the "Human Computer". Her talent earned her a place in the 1982 edition of The Guinness Book of World Records. However, the certificate for the record was given posthumously on 30 July 2020, despite Devi achieving her world record on 18 June 1980 at Imperial College, London. Devi was a precocious child, and she demonstrated her arithmetic abilities at the University of Mysore without any formal education. Shkuntala was born on this day ( November 4) in 1929.

96th Happy Birthday to the extraordinary Shakuntala Devi, the Human Computer and legendary mathematician! 🎉🎂

Today, we celebrate the life and accomplishments of a remarkable woman who left an indelible mark on the world of mathematics. Shakuntala Devi was not just a mathematician; she was a true mathematical genius. Born on November 4, 1929, in Bangalore, India, she demonstrated her prodigious mathematical talents from a very young age. Her story is an inspiring journey of passion, perseverance, and an unmatched love for numbers.

Shakuntala Devi's incredible abilities were recognized at a young age when she was asked to display her mathematical prowess in various public forums. Her ability to perform complex mental calculations with lightning speed astounded people all over the world. In fact, she holds a place in the Guinness Book of World Records for correctly multiplying two 13-digit numbers in just 28 seconds!

Her accomplishments didn't stop there. Shakuntala Devi was an author, and she wrote several books on mathematics, puzzles, and astrology. Her book "The World of Homosexuals" was one of the earliest works on homosexuality in India, showing her commitment to promoting equality and understanding.

Beyond her mathematical achievements, Shakuntala Devi was a charismatic and inspirational figure who broke barriers in a male-dominated field. She proved that gender should never be a limitation to pursuing one's passion and excelling in a chosen field.

Shakuntala Devi's life was a journey of numbers, but it was also a testament to the power of the human mind, the importance of education, and the potential within each of us to achieve greatness. Her legacy lives on in the hearts of mathematicians, students, and admirers around the world.

As we celebrate her birthday, let us remember and honor Shakuntala Devi's contributions to the world of mathematics and her unwavering spirit. She continues to inspire generations of mathematicians and individuals to reach for the stars and to embrace the beauty of mathematics.

Happy Birthday, Shakuntala Devi! Your memory and your mathematical brilliance will forever be cherished and celebrated. 🎁🌟🧮 SIS University
Global Awards & Recognition Council

🎯 Learning Style Wordsb1️⃣ Visual — learns best by seeing
📝 Example: She remembers lessons better when she sees pictures or diagrams.

2️⃣ Auditory — learns best by listening
📝 Example: He understands faster when the teacher explains aloud.

3️⃣ Kinesthetic — learns by doing and moving
📝 Example: She learns science by doing hands-on experiments.

4️⃣ Logical — learns through reasoning and numbers
📝 Example: He enjoys solving puzzles and math problems.

5️⃣ Verbal — learns best through words and speaking
📝 Example: She learns new topics by reading and discussing them.

6️⃣ Social — learns well with others
📝 Example: He enjoys group activities and teamwork tasks.

7️⃣ Solitary — learns better alone
📝 Example: She likes studying quietly in her room.

8️⃣ Creative Thinker — uses imagination to learn
📝 Example: He draws mind maps to understand new ideas.

9️⃣ Observant — notices details while learning
📝 Example: She learns quickly by watching how others do things.

17 Equations that changed the World

Every year on October 15, millions of students across India and around the world celebrate World Students Day 2025. This special occasion honors young minds, recognizes their potential, and pays tribute to one of India’s most beloved leaders—Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, whose birthday falls on this date.
But what makes October 15 so significant? Why is Abdul Kalam’s birthday celebrated as World Students Day? And how can students, educators, and institutions make the most of this inspiring day?
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the history behind National Students Day, understand its global importance, and discover meaningful ways to celebrate this day in 2025 and beyond.
This day is an annual celebration observed on October 15 to honor students and recognize their vital role in shaping the future. The day was designated by the United Nations in 2010 as a tribute to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, India’s 11th President and a renowned scientist, educator, and youth icon.
Dr. Kalam dedicated his life to empowering students and believed that young people held the key to transforming society. His vision was simple yet powerful: if you educate and inspire the youth, you create a better world.
This makes October 15 more than just another date on the calendar. It’s a day to reflect on the importance of education, celebrate student achievements, and recommit to creating learning environments where every young person can thrive.
Dr. Kalam believed that education should not merely fill minds with information but should ignite them with curiosity, creativity, and purpose. He often said, “Dream is not that which you see while sleeping, it is something that does not let you sleep.”
His interactions with students were always personal and meaningful. He would ask them about their dreams, encourage them to think critically, and remind them that failure is just a stepping stone to success.
World Students Day 2025 will see various celebrations across schools, colleges, and educational institutions:
While World Students Day 2025 has special significance in India as National Students Day, its message resonates globally. Education is a universal right and a powerful tool for social change, economic development, and personal empowerment.
According to UNESCO, over 260 million children and youth worldwide are still out of school. World Students Day 2025 serves as a reminder of the work that remains to be done in making quality education accessible to every child.
Honoring Dr. Kalam’s Legacy: The day keeps alive the memory and teachings of a leader who believed in the power of education and innovation.
Dr. Kalam believed that education should not merely fill minds with information but should ignite them with curiosity, creativity, and purpose. He often said, “Dream is not that which you see while sleeping, it is something that does not let you sleep.”
His interactions with students were always personal and meaningful. He would ask them about their dreams, encourage them to think critically, and remind them that failure is just a stepping stone to success.

Dream Big: Don’t limit yourself based on your current circumstances. Your dreams should be so large that they inspire you to work harder every day.

Embrace Failure: Failure is not the opposite of success; it’s a part of the journey. Learn from your mistakes and keep moving forward.
The day reinforces a simple truth: investing in students today means building a better tomorrow for everyone.
World Students Day 2025 is more than a commemoration—it’s a call to action. It reminds us that every student has unique potential waiting to be unleashed. It challenges us to create educational systems that nurture curiosity, celebrate diversity, and prepare young people for a rapidly changing world.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam believed that education was the most powerful weapon we could use to change the world. On this October 15, let’s honor his memory by committing to educational excellence, supporting student dreams, and creating opportunities for every young person to succeed.

Whether you’re a student, teacher, parent, or educational leader, you have a role to play in making Dr. Kalam’s vision a reality. Let this National Students Day inspire you to take one small step toward that goal.

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Life is born to cultivate Perfections and to realize Nibbāna

We are not born merely to seek temporary worldly pleasures, but in truth, we are born to realize Nibbāna and to use every breath of life as an opportunity to accumulate merit and perfection.

Therefore, do not grow weary or give up on this life, because our life is of immeasurable value. This life is our chance to nurture goodness and gather the power of merit that will lead us to liberation from suffering.

When we face the fruits of past karma, we must endure with steadfast hearts. Patience is the supreme adornment. Those who possess patience are able to overcome the storms of karma and transform misfortune into a teacher that makes them stronger.

Let us continuously cultivate goodness, fighting life’s challenges with the correct principles of wisdom. When body, speech, and mind remain aligned with the path of merit and perfection, life gradually improves—both in the present and in the future.

Life is a journey for the fulfillment of Perfections. There is no higher purpose than this, and no ultimate goal greater than the realization of Nibbāna.

And when we share this truth with those who still do not know the true purpose of life, we create great merit. For we point them toward the radiant path, showing them the true destination of existence. When they begin to cultivate merit and walk in the way of Dhamma, this goodness also returns as great blessings to the one who spreads it. Such merit is supreme and never wasted.

Luang Por Dhamma

The illustration before us, paired with Erwin Schrodinger’s profound assertion a 1933 Nobel laureate in Physics proposes a radical rethinking of consciousness and existence. He claims it is never experienced in the plural, only the singular, positing that the universe harbors a single mind, a consciousness that phases through all beings as a unified singularity. This challenges our deepest notions of self, spirituality, and religion, as depicted in the diagram with its evocative labels and structure. Yet, there are hidden truths embedded within this concept that certain powers be they institutional, economic, or ideological work diligently to conceal. Let us peel back the layers of what they obscure and chart a detailed course to triumph over these veiled distortions, empowering ourselves with knowledge and action.

Firstly, the erasure of oneness stands as a guarded secret. The idea that all minds converge into a singular consciousness undermines the foundational mechanisms of control built on division nation against nation, faith against faith, person against person. Those who wield influence, ranging from policymakers to corporate leaders and cultural gatekeepers, depend heavily on our entrenched belief in separation to sustain rivalry, obedience, and economic disparity. This belief fuels endless conflicts, whether geopolitical or social, and justifies systems that thrive on competition rather than cooperation. They don’t want us to grasp that our individuality, often celebrated as a cornerstone of modern identity, is a fabricated lens, a carefully crafted illusion designed to keep us fragmented, manageable, and detached from the deeper unity Schrodinger reveals through his quantum inspired insights. This suppression is not accidental but systemic, reinforced through education that prioritizes individualism, media that amplifies tribalism, and philosophies that exalt the ego over the collective.

Secondly, the fusion of science with the spiritual realm is a truth they suppress with equal fervor. The diagram ties consciousness to spirituality and religion, hinting at a synthesis that Schrodinger’s work in quantum mechanics supports where the act of observation shapes the physical world, a principle that echoes ancient mystical teachings from traditions as diverse as Hinduism, Buddhism, and indigenous cosmologies. This convergence threatens the authority of those who profit from maintaining a rigid divide between these domains keeping science confined to materialism and spirituality locked in dogma. By severing the link between mind and cosmos, they preserve their control over narrative and resource allocation. They don’t want us to see that these realms are interwoven, offering a holistic understanding of existence that could unify human endeavor and challenge the monopolies of knowledge held by academic and religious elites. This hidden synthesis suggests that our thoughts and awareness are not merely byproducts of brain activity but active participants in shaping reality, a revelation with profound implications for how we live and govern ourselves.

Thirdly, the potency of collective awakening is a knowledge they hide with calculated intent. If consciousness is indeed a singular force pulsating within us all, realizing this truth could shatter the narratives of powerlessness that bind us to external domination. Elites political and economic rely on our pervasive sense of isolation to manipulate us through fear, scarcity, and division, ensuring we remain passive consumers rather than active creators. This manipulation is evident in the constant stream of divisive rhetoric and the promotion of material success as the sole measure of worth. They don’t want us to discover that embracing our shared mind empowers us to reshape our world with unified intent, a power that could dismantle hierarchical structures and redistribute agency to the collective. This awakening would render obsolete the tools of control that depend on keeping us ignorant of our inherent interconnectedness, a truth Schrodinger’s vision brings to light with scientific rigor.

How, then, do we prevail against these obscured forces? The path to victory is both personal and communal, requiring deliberate steps to reclaim our understanding and agency. Begin with inner exploration, using practices such as meditation, reflection, or contemplative study to sense the singular consciousness within. This process involves observing our thoughts and emotions without attachment, gradually dissolving the illusion of a separate self and revealing the unity beneath. Next, delve into unconventional wisdom sources such as quantum theory, nondual philosophies like Advaita Vedanta, or indigenous perspectives that align with this unity, bypassing the curated knowledge that serves the interests of control. These alternative viewpoints offer tools to navigate a world designed to fragment us, providing a broader context for Schrodinger’s insights.

Finally, forge bonds of mutual recognition, building networks and communities that defy the divisive strategies of the powerful. This involves engaging in dialogue, collaboration, and empathy, creating a ripple effect that amplifies this truth and fosters a collective awakening.

This journey demands resilience, as it confronts entrenched interests that will resist change with all their might. The gain, however, is emancipation not just for the individual but for humanity as a whole.

By piercing the veil of separation, we reclaim our power and align with the singular consciousness Schrodinger envisioned, a force that transcends the limitations imposed by those who seek to keep us divided. This is not a passive acceptance but an active pursuit of enlightenment, where each step forward weakens the grip of ignorance and empowers us to co create a reality based on unity and understanding. The process requires patience and persistence, as the habits of division are deeply ingrained, but the potential for transformation is boundless.

To deepen this exploration, consider the practical applications of this knowledge, which hold the key to transforming society. How might a unified consciousness influence decision making in governance? Imagine a political system where leaders prioritize collective well being over partisan gain, guided by the recognition that all minds are part of one. This could lead to policies that address global challenges like climate change or inequality with unprecedented cooperation, as national interests give way to a shared planetary consciousness. In education, integrating this concept could shift the focus from competition to collaboration, teaching students to value interconnectedness and fostering curricula that blend science and spirituality. This might include courses on quantum consciousness or meditative practices, equipping future generations with tools to navigate a unified reality.

In technology, the implications are equally transformative. Current innovations often prioritize profit and individual convenience, but a consciousness based approach could steer development toward collective benefit. For instance, artificial intelligence could be designed to enhance human unity rather than replace or divide labor, with algorithms reflecting the singular mind’s intent. Healthcare might evolve to treat the collective body, addressing mental and physical health as interconnected aspects of the same consciousness, potentially revolutionizing holistic medicine. Even in economics, this paradigm could inspire systems that distribute resources based on need rather than greed, challenging the capitalist model that thrives on separation.

These applications extend to personal life as well. By applying this understanding, individuals can resolve conflicts through empathy, recognizing the shared consciousness in others. Relationships could deepen as we see beyond surface differences, and personal growth could focus on aligning with the collective good rather than self advancement. Communities might form around this principle, creating local economies or support networks that reflect unity, countering the isolation imposed by modern lifestyles.

This path demands resilience, as it confronts entrenched interests that will resist change with all their might. Yet, the gain is emancipation not just for the individual but for humanity as a whole. By piercing the veil of separation, we reclaim our power and align with the singular consciousness Schrodinger envisioned, a force that transcends the limitations imposed by those who seek to keep us divided. This is not a passive acceptance but an active pursuit of enlightenment, where each step forward weakens the grip of ignorance and empowers us to co create a reality based on unity and understanding.

Reflect on this: Do you feel echoes of this unity in your daily interactions, perhaps in moments of shared joy or intuitive connection? Have you encountered resistance to these ideas in your own life, and how did you respond? These reflections are the seeds of awakening, and sharing them can inspire others on this path. Share your thoughts in the comments below, join the dialogue, like to endorse this insight, comment to add your voice, and share to expand this awakening to a wider audience. Follow for more revelations of hidden truths and continued exploration of the mind’s potential. Together, we can prevail by illuminating the path to a unified, conscious world, breaking free from the constraints they impose and building a future grounded in the singularity Schrodinger so boldly described.