04/05/2024
Let us learn common word order.
We have the usual VSO and VOS, but you will see some modern speakers only use SVO like English. This isn't wrong by any means, just irregular.
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The VOS/VSO alternation in Ojibwe is most readily described in relation to the alternation in DIRECT/INVERSE argument alignments.
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In DIRECT alignments, where the subject is a “higher
ranked” PROXIMATE argument and the object is a “lower ranked” OBVIATIVE argument, VOS occurs
preferentially (1a), but VSO is also possible (1b). In INVERSE alignments, where the object is
PROXIMATE and the subject OBVIATIVE, only VSO occurs (1c)—VOS is ungrammatical (1d)
(1) DIRECT (VOS preferred; VSO possible); INVERSE (VSO only)
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A.
o-gii-waab-am-aa-n
3-PAST-see-ANIM-DIR-30
ikwe-wan
woman-OBV
gwiiwizens
boy.PROX
‘The boy (PROX) saw the woman’ (OBV)’
*Ogii-waabamaan ikwewan gwiiwizensan.
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B.
o-gii-waab-am-aa-n
3-PAST-see-ANIM-DIR-30
gwiiwizens
boy.PROX
ikwe-wan
woman-OBV
‘The boy (PROX) saw the woman (OBV)’
Ogii-waabamaan gwiiwizns ikwewan.
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C.
o-gii-waab-am-igoo-n
3-PAST-see-ANIM-INV-30
gwiiwizens-an
boy-OBV
ikwe
woman.PROX
‘The boy (OBV) saw the woman’ (PROX)’
* Ogii-waabamigoon gwiiwizensan ikwe.
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D.
*o-gii-waab-am-igoo-n
3-PAST-see-ANIM-INV-30
ikwe
woman.PROX
gwiiwizens-an
boy-OBV
Intended: ‘The boy (OBV) saw the woman (PROX)’
* Ogii-waabamigoon ikwe gwiiwizensan.
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In out dialect we almost always use demonstrative pronouns,
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i.e. Ogii-waabamigoon gwiiwizensan (aniweniwan) ikwe (a'aw).
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aniw, iniw,aniwe, iniwe, aniweniwan, iniweiwan ( these are all the same more or less) and are the Obviate demonstrative pronouns that express that the Obviate is not far away from the speaker and shows that they are present and that we are talk of him in the Obviate manner while a'aw (that animate there) is the proximate animate demonstrative pronoun and by using these demonstrative pronouns the listener can get a more precise idea of whom we are speaking about and where they stand in distance to us, the speaker to the listener. Ojibwe is a lot at first, and there is no single Ojibwwanishinaabemowin languag and even if you speak a Minnesota ialect and it is reocoreded as Southwestern Ojibwe does ot mean that the same rules apply, they can be just as different as say a speaker in Nothern Manitoba to us. Mutual intelligebility is something that can be attained the more exsposure we have to the different dialects, but after a while it comes to you and those differences you can learn. Miiyiw!
There are a lot of demonstrative pronouns and not everyone uses them all. Most Easten Speakers and Odaawaa use,
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this inanimate - maanda
this inanimate - iw, wi (Used mainly by those who have Oj.)
these inanimate - nonda,
those inanimate - niw
this animate - maaba
this animate - aw , wa (used mainly by those who have Oj.)
these animate - gonda, maamnda
those animate- gow
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Most of our speaker in the states archaically used and use the forms from nearest to furthest. We use 56 Demonstrative pronouns adding an Obviate class of pronouns.
Wikipedia is not my go to, but I have read though this and it is pretty good. Also I will attach the source of the grammar from above below.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe_grammar
https://christopherhammerly.com/publication/ojibwe-v1/ojibwe-v1.pdf
Although Minnesota Dialect it is the closest to our dialect besides of course LCO.