DAFI Alumni Association In Uganda(DAA)

Bukayo Saka embracing Mikel Arteta after Arsenal made it to their first final in six years.

I love this team. ❤️

Day 4 of The African Refugee Women Led Network in Nairobi . And it is great meeting vibrant women from the different parts of the world to discuss their future and the future of their people .

https://www.facebook.com/300311020334599/posts/1706077116424642/?app=fbl

https://www.facebook.com/105579732111001/posts/140218358647138/?app=fbl

Sultan ta mulki ta Nubi ta Arua ginaditakum fi Changeta Tarik 30 July 2022. Okaman gurua fi hafla te Changeta me difana milan min Westnile

https://www.facebook.com/102088971958834/posts/398755135625548/?app=fbl

https://www.facebook.com/101376245528536/posts/326525569680268/?app=fbl

By the way, based on oral history the Moru-Ma'di have been engaged in premodern artisanal manufacturing and entrepreneurial trade for several centuries.

Colonies of Moru-Ma'di traders (ide'ba), uka'ba (blacksmiths), and vodo (craftsmen and craftswomen of all types) settled in what is today Acoli, Lango, Alur, and Bunyoro selling whatever these colonies produced. Some of the craftsmen (especially blacksmiths) were directly employed by the royal households of Bunyoro-Kitara.

My bet is that archeological research across northern Uganda, southern Sudan, and northeastern DR Congo will prove these oral historical accounts.

I prefer to use the compound designation Ma'di-Moru, which includes nationality groups such as the Lugbara, Avokaya, Okebu, and Moru that are siblings to the Ma'di. This preference arises from the realization that having had decentralized chieftaincies (opi) as our predominant unit of political administration, the current boundaries between Ma'di and Lugbara, for example, are fairly recent. In antiquities ('beroninga), identities were fluid and clans and language or dialect designated clusters migrated back and forth, up and down the Rivers Nile, Chari, and Omo valleys that were at the time sparsely settled, if at all.

In the language, there also is ample evidence of our trade-faring and craft-plying past. For example, the currency hoe ( _lingi_ or _laje aco_) was a primitive form of money among the Ma'di and related ethnic groups. Shaped like an anchor, the _lingi_ was specially "minted" to serve as a unit of exchange.

But as less cumbersome units of exchange were introduced, such as cowries ( _jibi_) and cloth (such as _milikani_ and _kaniki_) by long distance traders, the _lingi_ fell into disuse as money, eventually playing that role only in the payment of bride-wealth. Because only a handful of Moru-Ma'di clans controlled the major supplies of iron ore and because the smithing of the _lingi_ was shrouded in secrecy and rituals, there neve