30 FIGURES OF SPEECH THAT MAKE ENGLISH MORE COLORFUL 🎨
1. Allusion → Indirect reference to something famous.
• “He’s a real Romeo with the ladies.”
2. Metonymy → Using a related word to stand for something.
• “The crown will decide the nation’s future.”
3. Synecdoche → Using a part to represent the whole.
• “All hands on deck!”
4. Litotes → Understatement by using double negatives.
• “Not bad at all!”
5. Paradox → A statement that seems contradictory but is true.
• “Less is more.”
6. Irony → Saying the opposite of what you mean.
• “What lovely weather!” (during a storm)
7. Sarcasm → A biting remark meant to mock.
• “Nice job!” (after someone spills coffee)
8. Pun → A play on words.
• “Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.”
9. Euphemism → A polite way to say something harsh.
• “He passed away.” (instead of “died”)
10. Dysphemism → A harsher way of saying something.
• “He croaked.” (instead of “died”)
11. Climax → Arranging ideas in order of importance.
• “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
12. Anti-climax (Bathos) → A sudden drop from serious to silly.
• “He lost his family, his fortune, and his keys.”
13. Anaphora → Repetition at the beginning of clauses.
• “We shall fight in the fields, we shall fight in the streets…”
14. Epiphora (Epistrophe) → Repetition at the end of clauses.
• “See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.”
15. Anadiplosis → Repeating the last word of a clause at the start of the next.
• “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate.”
16. Chiasmus → Reversing structure in two phrases.
• “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.”
17. Apostrophe → Speaking to something non-human.
• “O Death, where is thy sting?”
18. Alliteration → Repetition of consonant sounds.
• “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.”
19. Assonance → Repetition of vowel sounds.
• “Hear the mellow wedding bells.”
20. Consonance → Repetition of consonant sounds inside words.
• “Pitter-patter of little feet.”
21. Onomatopoeia → Words that imitate sounds.
• “Buzz, hiss, bang, crash.”
22. Hyperbaton → Unusual word order.
• “This I must see.”
23. Tautology → Saying the same thing twice.
• “Free gift” / “Close proximity.”
24. Pleonasm → Using unnecessary extra words.
• “I saw it with my own eyes.”
25. Polysyndeton → Using “and/or” excessively.
• “We laughed and cried and shouted and sang.”
26. Asyndeton → Leaving out conjunctions.
• “I came, I saw, I conquered.”
27. Zeugma → One word applies to two different meanings.
• “He stole my wallet and my heart.”
28. Antithesis → Two opposite ideas in parallel form.
• “Speech is silver, but silence is golden.”
29. Paronomasia → Wordplay or puns using similar sounds.
• “A boiled egg every morning is hard to beat.”
30. Epanalepsis → Repeating the beginning word at the end.
• “The king is dead, long live the king!”
South Sudan English Learners-SSELs
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Failure is not a crime. It is a stepping stone to success.
Positive Attitudes:
• Affectionate: Showing fondness and care for others.
• Ambitious: Having a strong desire to achieve something.
• Caring: Showing kindness and concern for others.
• Cheerful: Being happy and in good spirits.
• Collaborative: Working well with others to achieve a common goal.
• Compassionate: Feeling and showing sympathy and concern for others.
• Considerate: Thinking about the feelings and needs of others.
• Courageous: Having the ability to face fear, danger, or pain.
• Creative: Having the ability to generate new ideas or things.
• Curious: Having a strong desire to know or learn something.
• Dependable: Able to be relied on and trusted.
• Empowered: Feeling confident and in control of one's life.
• Forgiving: Ready and willing to forgive others.
• Friendly: Kind and pleasant.
• Grateful: Feeling or showing thanks.
• Harmonic: Relating to harmony or agreement.
• Honest: Free of deceit; truthful.
• Humble: Having or showing a modest or low estimate of one's own importance.
• Humorous: Funny; amusing.
• Kind: Having or showing a friendly, generous, and considerate nature.
• Learning: Showing a willingness to learn and grow.
• Optimistic: Hopeful and confident about the future.
• Patient: Able to accept or tolerate delays, problems, or suffering without becoming annoyed or anxious.
• Productive: Achieving or producing a significant amount or result.
• Respectful: Showing consideration and appreciation for others.
• Responsible: Having an obligation to do something or having control over someone.
• Self-confident: Believing in one's own abilities.
• Trustful: Having or showing faith or confidence in someone.
• Willing: Ready, eager, or prepared to do something.
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