Somali DRTB control center

There is need to enroll all TB patients into social protection schemes and ensure that they are facing zero catastrophic costs due to the illness.

What is the difference between latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease?

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) means the person has the TB germ in their body (usually lungs), but has yet to develop obvious symptoms, cannot spread the germ and has a significant reaction to the Mantoux skin test with no symptoms of tuberculosis, and no TB organisms found in the sputum. Tuberculosis may last for a lifetime as an infection, never developing into disease.

Tuberculosis disease indicates the person has symptoms, a significant reaction to a Mantoux skin test and organisms found in the sputum. In order to spread the TB germs, a person must have TB disease.

Who gets MDR-TB?

TB patients with drug sensitive disease may develop drug resistant tuberculosis if they fail to take antituberculosis medications as prescribed, as well as TB patients who have been prescribed an ineffective treatment plan. An MDR TB case index can transmit the drug resistant infection to other individuals.

TB and smoking

Passive and active exposure to to***co smoke is significantly associated with TB exposure and disease. Smoking is a risk factor for TB, independent of alcohol use and other socioeconomic factors. The risk is higher in children exposed to passive smoking. Active smoking is associated with recurrent TB disease and death due to TB disease. The possible biological mechanisms for the association between to***co smoke and TB are that to***co smoke results in;

impaired clearance of mucosal secretions in the tracheo bronchial tree. This allows the M TB to reach the alveoli.impaired functioning of the pulmonary alveolar macrophages, resulting in lower levels of cytokines being secreted.decreased intracellular tumor necrosis factor-α production leading to impaired intracellular killing of M TB.

Transmission of tuberculosis

There are five closely related mycobacteria responsible for tuberculosis: Mycobacterium. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium. canetti. M. tuberculosis, by far the commonest, is transmitted between humans through the airborne route. There are no known animal reservoirs of M. tuberculosis. M. bovis may pe*****te the gastrointestinal mucosa or invade the lymphatic tissue of the oropharynx when ingested in milk from diseased cows. Human infection with M. bovis has decreased significantly in developed countries as a result of the pasteurisation of milk and effective tuberculosis control amongst cattle. Infection with the other organisms is relatively rare.

Tuberculosis is usually spread from person-to-person through the air by droplet nuclei (

info;

Atypical presentation(without pain) of angina is most common in diabetic patients

sever acute pain in back and anterior wall of chest(almost like angina)+unequal blood pressure in upper limbs+risk factors like smoking,hyperten,DM,old age=aortic dissection

develop some good habits,it keeps you busy in life.