Uniwatch pre-pri & Sec Sch.

UNIWATCH PRE-PRIMARY AND JUNIOR SECONDARY FIELD TRIP JOGGING 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR VOLUME 01 SEASON 01.

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*Introduction*
All living organisms reproduce. Reproduction results in the formation of offsprings of the *same kind*. A dog reproduces only dogs and humans reproduce only humans. However, the resulting offspring most often do not totally resemble the parent.

Several characteristic differences may occur between individuals belonging to the same species. The similarities and differences among the members of a species are not coincidental. Both the similarities and differences have been received from their parents.

Heredity refers to the passing of traits or characteristics through genes from one generation (parent) to another (offspring). This heredity is evidently seen in s*xual reproduction as the variation of characteristics that are inherited is high.

Genetics is a branch of biology that studies heredity and variation. In other words, genetics is the study of how genes bring about characteristics or traits in living things, and how those characteristics are inherited. Scientists who study heredity and variation are called geneticists. The term genetics was coined by William Bateson in 1905. Genes are portions of DNA molecules that determine the characteristics of living things. Through the processes of meiosis and reproduction, genes are transmitted from one generation to the next.

*Definition of Terms I*
- Hereditary/Inheritance: This is the transmission and expression of characters or traits from parents to offspring. It accounts for the usual resemblance between a parent and its offspring.

- Allelomorphs (alleles): These are pairs of genes on a particular position of chromosomes. They control contrasting characters.

- Characters: These are inheritable features possessed by an organism. E.g height, complexion, colour, etc.

- Gamete: This is a mature s*x cell that takes part in s*xual reproduction. It is of two types; male and female gamete. Examples are pollen grains and ovules in plants, and sperms and ova in humans. A gamete is usually haploid.

- Zygo

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Below are four diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Each description includes the causative agent, incubation period, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

# # # 1. **Bacterial Disease: Tuberculosis (TB)**

- **Causative Agent:** *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*
- **Incubation Period:** 2-12 weeks (can be longer for some individuals)
- **Mode of Transmission:** Airborne; inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected individual.
- **Signs and Symptoms:**
- Persistent cough (lasting more than three weeks)
- Chest pain
- Coughing up blood or sputum
- Fatigue
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Weight loss
- **Treatment:** Multi-drug antibiotic therapy typically 6-9 months (common drugs include isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide).
- **Prevention:** BCG vaccination, good ventilation in living spaces, wearing masks in high-risk areas, and screening high-risk populations.

# # # 2. **Viral Disease: Influenza (Flu)**

- **Causative Agent:** Influenza virus (types A, B, and C)
- **Incubation Period:** 1-4 days (average 2 days)
- **Mode of Transmission:** Airborne; respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes, or touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face.
- **Signs and Symptoms:**
- High fever
- Chills
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Muscle aches
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Runny or stuffy nose
- **Treatment:** Antiviral medications (e.g., oseltamivir, zanamivir), rest, hydration, and symptom management (pain relievers).
- **Prevention:** Annual flu vaccination, practicing good hand hygiene, using tissues when sneezing, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

# # # 3. **Parasitic Disease: Malaria**

- **Causative Agent:** *Plasmodium* species (most commonly *Plasmodium falciparum*)
- **Incubation Period:** 7-30 days (depending on the species and individual immunity)
- **Mode of Transmission:** Bite from an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
- **Signs and Symptoms:**
- Fever a

UNIWATCH PRIMARY SCHOOL COLE TOWN has done it again, we got 100% pass rate.
The first person Scored 324 with index no 286004057 and two others with 321.
Congratulations to our Boys and Girls.
May Allah continue to elevate Us.

Our first Basic Education Certificate Examination batch 2023/2024 academic year.

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Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Ishaka Sesay, Osman Kamara