PorTutor

e.g.:

O que – What – O que é aquilo? / What is that?

Qual – Which/What – Qual é o seu nome? / What’s your name?

Quando – When – Quando é o seu aniversário? / When is your birthday?

Onde – Where – Onde está a chave? / Where is the key?

Quem – Who – Quem é ela? / Who is she?

Por que – Why – Por que o céu é azul? / Why is the sky blue?

Quanto – How much – Quanto é essa mesa? / How much is this table?

Quantos – How many – Quantas irmãs você tem? / How many sisters do you have?

Como – How – Como você fez isso? / How did you do this?

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Bronzeado(a) = the colour of bronze; tan (a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun).
E.G.: Elas estão bronzeadas.

(1913). Nicknamed O Poetinha ("The little poet"), he was a Brazilian poet, lyricist, essayist, and playwright. In partnership with Tom Jobim, they wrote many songs in the begining of Bossa Nova and the most famous one is Garota de Ipanema (The Girl from Ipanema). Vinícius de Moraes died at his home in Rio de Janeiro on July 9, 1980, at the age of 66, in the company of his ninth wife.

Portuguese is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau. It is also the third-most spoken European language in the world in terms of native speakers.Being the most widely spoken language in South America and all of the Southern Hemisphere.

1822 – Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor. Pedro I was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. Born in Lisbon, he was the fourth child of King João VI of Portugal and Queen Carlota Joaquina. The outbreak of the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Lisbon compelled João VI to return to Portugal in April 1821, leaving Pedro to rule Brazil as regent. On 7 September 1822 he declared Brazil's independence from Portugal. On 7 April 1831 Pedro I abdicated in favor of his son, Pedro II, and sailed for Europe to fight his younger brother, Prince Miguel, and garantee his eldest daughter, Maria II, as Queen of Portugal. Pedro I died of tuberculosis on 24 September 1834.

Book Tip: Between Two Poles
Amyr Klink, a Brazilian explorer, sailor and writer. was born . Klink has written seven books about his voyages, including Between Two Poles, about his solo voyage from Brazil to the South Pole, across to Cape Town; then up to the North Pole and finally, after 22 months at sea, back to Brazil. He helped in the construction of the polar vessel used in this trip, named Paratii after the town of Paraty in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

- 1513 – Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean. He crossed the Isthmus of Panama becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World. The ocean's current name was coined by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, as he encountered favorable winds on reaching the ocean. He called it Mar Pacífico, which in both Portuguese and Spanish means "peaceful sea".

Did you know? Cassava (aka manioc) was likely domesticated along the southern border of the Amazon basin. This species is native to the north region and central-west region of Brazil, but its use spread throughout South America. Nowadays cassava is a staple root crop for over half a billion people living throughout the tropics. During World War II, due to the shortage of food in Southeast Asia, many refugees survived on cassava. In Brazilian cuisine, cassava is used for different types of meals. Alcoholic beverages made from cassava include cauim and tiquira and they were fermented/distilled by the indigenous peoples in Brazil. It’s known in Brazil as: mandioca, aipim or macaxeira.

Book Tip: Voyage of the Liberdade
The first man to sail around the world alone. Joshua Slocum was born in Nova Scotia (1844). In Liverpool he became an ordinary seaman on the British merchant ship Tangier. Slocum quickly rose through the ranks to become a Chief Mate on British ships transporting coal and grains. In 1886, at age 42, Slocum took to the sea aboard the Aquidneck, bound for Montevideo, Uruguay. By the end of this year, Slocum was forced to defend his ship from pirates, one of whom he shot and killed; he was tried and acquitted of murder. Near the end of 1887, the Aquidneck was wrecked in southern Brazil. After being stranded in Brazil with his wife and sons he started building a boat that could sail them home. He used local materials and salvaged materials from the Aquidneck. The boat was launched on May 13, 1888, the very day slavery was abolished in Brazil, and therefore the ship was given the Portuguese name: Liberdade. In 1890, Slocum published the accounts of these adventures in Voyage of the Liberdade.

1822 - Independence of Brazil.

The Portuguese Royal Family transferred the court to Rio de Janeiro in 1808, because of the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon imposed a Continental Blockade as a response to the naval blockade of the French coasts enacted by the British government in 1806. For 13 years, Rio de Janeiro, functioned as the capital of the Kingdom of Portugal. Queen Maria died in 1816, opening the road for John VI to assume the throne. Portugal was devastated by the Peninsular War and the Portuguese pressed for his return. So according to history books, before going back to Portugal, John had anticipated future events and said to his son: "Pedro, Brazil will soon be separated from Portugal: if so, put the crown on your head before some adventurer grabs it." So Pedro proclaimed the Independence and became Pedro I of Brazil.

Grammar Point: Gender & Number
In Portuguese nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles have two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). In many cases, the gender and number of a noun can be deduced from its ending. The basic pattern is "o"/"os" for masculine singular and plural, and "a"/"as" for feminine. Most adjectives, pronouns and articles must follow the noun.
e.g.:
Esse carro vermelho é caro! (This red car is expensive!) [M / S]
Esses carros vermelhos são caros! (These red cars are expensive!) [M / P]
Essa casa vermelha é cara! (This red house is expensive!) [F / S]
Essas casas vermelhas são caras! (These red houses are expensive!) [F / P]

📖 Book Tip: Hans Staden's True History: An Account of Cannibal Captivity in Brazil

The book was written by a German adventurer in 1557 describing his two trips to Brazil. In 1550 he was taken as a prisoner of war (POW) by a native tribe, the Tupinambás, who had a reputation to perform cannibalistic rituals (especially with POWs). It is a dramatic first-person account of his capture, captivity, and eventual escape. Staden also shares his observations on the Tupinambás nature, culture, and lifestyle. His book quickly became a “bestseller” in 16th century Europe. The last English-language edition of the book was published in 1929. Have fun!