23/02/2026
The Anglo-Saxon Age (450–1066 AD) is the earliest period of English literature and is also known as the Old English Period. It began after the arrival of Germanic tribes such as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in England. This age ended with the Norman Conquest in 1066. The society of this period was mainly tribal and warlike, where bravery, loyalty, and honour were highly valued. Kings and warriors shared strong bonds of loyalty, and heroic ideals dominated the culture.
The literature of this age was originally oral, and poems were recited by singers called scops. The main themes included heroism, fate (Wyrd), exile, loneliness, and the struggle between good and evil. Nature, especially the sea, also played an important role. The influence of Christianity gradually increased, which brought religious and moral themes into literature along with earlier pagan beliefs. A major stylistic feature of Old English poetry was the use of alliteration.
The most important work of this period is Beowulf, an epic poem that reflects the heroic spirit of the time. Important writers include Caedmon, who wrote religious poetry, and Cynewulf. King Alfred also promoted learning and translated many works. The Anglo-Saxon Age laid the foundation of English language and literature.