Hashimoto clinical practical medicine

Hashimoto clinical practical medicine

Share

This page is contain very important clinical practical point you will need to help you how to deal with patient in ER or out patient clinical.

I hope to enjoy with it ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ

21/02/2026

๐Ÿ˜Š

๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุณุงู‡ู„ ุงู†ูƒ ุชู‚ุฑุงู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ู„ูƒู† ุตุนูˆุจุชูˆ ุงู†ูƒ ูƒูŠู ุชุทุจู‚ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ real pt

HTN define as Resistant elevation of BP >140/90 after confirm by HBPM or ABPM.

๐ŸŒน_HBPM (home BP measurement)
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูŠุณ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ุตุจุงุญ ูˆ ู…ุณุงุก ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุณุจูˆุน ูˆ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูˆ ุชุฌูŠ ุชู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ุง ุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุน ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 140/90 ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ HTN
๐ŸŒน_ABPM(ambulatory BP measurement)
ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชุฑุจุทูˆ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ููŠ arm ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูŠุณ ุจุฑุงู‡ูˆ BP ูƒู„ 30 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุฏู‡ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุฌู„ู‡ุง

BP = (CO ร—TPR) ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุฃู‡ู… ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
CO=SV ร—HR
SV _depended on myocardial contractilty
_ preload (ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูู„ูˆูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ู„ุจ)
_after load (pressure resistance )

ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„HTN ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃุชู†ูŠู† โœ๏ธ
ูŠุง ุฒุงุฏุช ู„ูŠู†ุง cardic output ุฃูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ู„ูŠู†ุง Total peripheral resistance
ูˆ ุฃูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ู„ HTN ุจูŠู†ู‚ุต ู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฏูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณูˆ
ุชู‚ู„ู„ TPR ุฃูˆ CO.

ุฒูŠ ู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ูˆ HTN classife to
๐Ÿ”ฅ_Primary most common 90%
ูˆ ุฃุณุจุงุจูˆ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† Gentic ูˆ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ Total preiphral resistance
๐Ÿ”ฅ_secodary 10%
ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุณุจุจ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ CKD ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ CO or TPR
(CKD, coarcation of aortia, endicrinopathy, conn syndrome, renovascular disease ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ)

ุฎู„ุงุต ู‚ุณุช ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช confirm ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต
HTN

ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุนุฏ ุฏู‡ ุชุนู…ู„ staging of HTN
Stage 1 _ BP 160/109
Stage 3_ BP >180/110


โœ๏ธSerach of end organ damage
โœ๏ธSerach for secodary cause
History
full history
โ›”aske about symptom of end organ damage
Cardiopathy ( symptom of HF, IHD, AF)
Retinopathy( poor vision)
Neuropathy ( stroke, TIA)
Nephropathy ( frothy Urine proteinouria)
โ›”aske about symptom of secodary cause
endicrinopathy (thyroid disease, cushing,.....)
โ›”Drug history (NSAID, oral pill, steriod..)
also other risk factor of CVA
(FH, smoking, DM, dyslipidemia)

Then do
Full clinical examination
_To look for sign of end organ damage
_Sign of HF
_sign of neuropathy
_Do fundoscopy ู…ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡

Look for sign of cause
_As endocrine sign
_rediofermoral dely in coarcation of aorta
_Abdo for renal mass (PCKD, adrenal mass)
renal bruit for renovascular disease

Then do investigation
routine test
ุงูŠ ุชูŠุณุช ุจู†ุนู…ู„ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†
ูˆ ุฃูŠ ุนูŠุงู† HTN ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ investigation ุฏูŠ
ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจ
๐Ÿฅ€ to look for polycythemia that ass with APCKD, or anemia may indicated CKD.
๐Ÿฅ€ with (k, CA, Na,) to look for CKD
To for hypokalemia some disease cause HTN with hypoK( cushing syndrome, conn syndrome, renovascular disease, liddle syndrome).
To look of hypercalcemia may indicated hyperparathyrodiam may lead to HTN.
To look for HypoNa may due to CKD fluid retension
๐Ÿฅ€ for DM
๐Ÿฅ€ to look for proteinouria
๐Ÿฅ€ # lipid profile for dyslipidemia

Then do
_ECG to look for LVH
_also may do Echo for LVH
_abdo US If you think of renal mass or renovascular disease

ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุงุงุงุงุงุงุงุตุฉ ุงูŠ ุนูŠุงู† ุดุฎุตุชูˆ ุนู†ุฏูˆ HTN
ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒุฒู… ูŠุนู…ู„ routine test ุฏูŠู„ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆูˆูˆูˆู end organ damage
_ CBC
_ RFT with E
_RBS
_UG
_ lipid profile
_ECG

ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุดุฎุตู†ุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ HTNูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุชูŠุณุช
ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุดู†ูˆ
ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุจุฏุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู† ุจู†ุจุฏุง ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
Treatment
๐ŸŒท1_ life style MODIFICATION ูˆุฏูŠ ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ HTN
ูˆ ุฏูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„DASH
(Dietary Approch to Stop HTN)
_decrease salt intake ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 5 ุฌุฑุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุจุชุนุงุฏู„ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู…ู„ู‚ุนุฉ ุดุงูŠ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
_increase intake of vegitable, fruit
_decrease intake of fatty meals
_ stop smoking
_decrease wt ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† obese
ู… ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุฃูŠ ุฒูˆูˆู„ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ูˆุฒู†ูƒ
_ increase intake of food that contain K
ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑูƒุฏูŠ ูŠุดุฑุจูˆ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุงู†ูˆ ููŠู‡ูˆ ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…
_regular physical activity
ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุดูˆูˆูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ
_ moderate alcohol consumpation ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุฌุงุช ู… ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุญู†ุง

ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุนู† ุงู„DASH ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ุงู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ

๐ŸŒน2_drug treatment
_ACEI orARBs
_CCB
_Thiazide

Age >55 year or africa give CCB or thiazie
Age

29/08/2025


Differential diagnosis of
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
hepatomegaly with ascites

๐ŸŒน_ Metastatic carcinoma
๐ŸŒน_ primary HCC
๐ŸŒน_ abdo TB
๐ŸŒน_ constrictive pericarditis
๐ŸŒน_ Budd Chiari syndrome

@

Isolated hepatomegaly

๐ŸŒน_ Primary HCC
๐ŸŒน_ Metastatic Carcinoma
๐ŸŒน_ Hydatid cyst
๐ŸŒน_ infiltrative disease like granulomatous dis
ease as TB , sarcoidosis


๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน

29/08/2025



ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชู„ุฎุจุท ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ heamatology
ุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุงู†ูƒ ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†

DIC
TTP
HUS
ITP

ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฏูŠู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ูŠุฌูŠูƒ ุจ bleeding tendency ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง criteria ู…ุนูŠู†

ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ุชูุฑู‚ู‡ู… ุจูŠู‡ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coagulation profile (PT, PTT)
๐ŸŒทููŠ ุงู„ DIC ู„ุงุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ coagulopathy ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุดุฑุฑุท ุงุณุงุณูŠ ( ู„ุงุฒุฒู… ุฃู„ู‚ู‰ high PT, PTT) ู…ุฑุญุจุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ู… Normal ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุฏู‡ very un likely to be have DIC. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ Normal ุดูˆู ู„ูŠูƒ ุดูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ DIC. ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ DIC ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุทุฉ ููŠู‡ูˆ ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ PLT low ูˆ ุงู„ Hb low ูˆ ุงู„ coagulation high

ูŠู„ุง ู†ุฌูŠ ุงู„ TTP ูˆ HUS ูˆ ITP ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฏูŠู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ Hb ุจูŠูƒูˆู† low ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ hemolytic anemia ูˆ ุงู„ PLT ุจุฑุถูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† low ุงู…ุง ุงู„ coagulation factors ุจุชูƒูˆู† Normal ๐Ÿ˜‡๐Ÿ˜‡๐Ÿ˜‡๐Ÿ˜‡๐Ÿ˜‡.
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ููŠ TTP ูˆ HUS ูˆ ITP ุงู„ coagulation ุจุชูƒูˆู† Normal,.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฒูŠุช ุฏู‡
ุฌุงุจูˆ ู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ result ุญู‚ุช CBC ูˆ ุงู„ bleeding profile

ุดูˆู ุงู„ CBC ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„
anemia + thrombocytopenia
ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุดู ู„ู„ coagulation ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง Normal ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง excluded ุงู„ DIC.
ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง abnormal ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ DIC.

โœ๏ธSo criteria of DIC
๐Ÿฅ€1_Non immune hemolytic anemia (anemia + jaundice)
๐Ÿฅ€2 _Thrombocytopenia ( low PLT lead to increase bleeding time)
๐Ÿฅ€3_Coagulopathy ( high PT, PTT)
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฎุต ุงู„ DIC ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงุณูƒูˆูˆุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ูˆ ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚ ุจุชุญุณุจ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ DIC ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ monitoring ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹.
ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆุฑ ููŠู‡ูˆ PLT ูˆ fibronigen level ูˆ ุงู„ INR ูˆ D. Dimer.

โœ๏ธCriteria for TTP
ุฎู…ุณู‡ ุฎู…ุณู‡ ุญุงุฌุงุช ู„ุงุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู†

๐Ÿฅ€1_Hemolytic anemia ( low Hb + jaundice)
๐Ÿฅ€2_Thrombocytopenia
๐Ÿฅ€3_CNS symptom ( confusion +convlusion)
๐Ÿฅ€4_Renal failure
๐Ÿฅ€5_Fever
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ CNS symptom ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜

โœ๏ธCriteria for HUS
ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ history of bloody diarrhea
๐Ÿฅ€1_Hemolytic anemia
๐Ÿฅ€2_Thrombocytopenia
๐Ÿฅ€3_Renal failure
๐Ÿฅ€4_Fever
No CNS symptom
ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ HUS ุงู„ renal failure

ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ TTP ูˆ ุงู„ HUS ู‡ูˆ
ุงู„ CNS symptom ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ TTP
ุงู„ renal failure ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ HUS

โœ๏ธCriteria of ITP
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ low PLTs
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ body ูŠู‚ูˆู… ูŠุนู…ู„ antibody ุชู‚ูˆู… ุชู‡ุงุฌู… ู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ PLT ุจุณ ูˆ ุชูƒุณุฑู‡ุง ู„ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง.
๐Ÿฅ€1_ sever thrombocytopenia
๐Ÿฅ€2_ anemia may occur if ass with sever bleeding
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ anemia ุณุจุจู‡ุง ุงู„ severe bleeding.

ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุตุฉ

โœ๏ธDIC
(Anemia + thrombocytopenia + abnormal coagulation๐Ÿ”ฅ + renal failure.)

โœ๏ธTTP
(Anemia + thrombocytopenia + CNS symptom + fever + renal failure + with Normal coagulation๐Ÿ”ฅ)

โœ๏ธHUS
(Anemia + renal failure + thrombocytopenia + fever + Normal coagulation ๐Ÿ”ฅ)

โœ๏ธITP
(Thrombocytopenia + bleeding or no bleeding
My be ass with anemia + Normal coagulation ๐Ÿ”ฅ).

ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ treatment โœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธโœ๏ธ.

โœ๏ธTreatment of DIC
Only supportive
ูŠุนู†ูŠ FFP + blood + PLT
If bleeding give
FFP 15 ml /kg

PLT if bleeding tendency or
If PLT < 10,000
Or PLT < 50, 000 ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ opreation

TTP
Do plasma exchange only
No role of PLT transfusion

ITP
Best ttt is predinslone 60 mg /d

Hashimoto ๐ŸŒน๐Ÿฅ€๐ŸŒทโค๏ธ๐ŸŒน
#ุดูˆูˆูˆูˆูƒุฑู† ๐Ÿฅ€๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒท๐ŸŒนโค๏ธ๐ŸŒน

20/09/2024



Type 2 diabetes mellitus
ูƒู„ู…ุชูŠู† ุจุณ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ Type Two DM
ุณุคุงู„ ๐Ÿ”ฅ๐Ÿ”ฅ.
ุฃู†ุง ู…ุชูŠู† ุฃุจุฏุงู‹ ุงู„ insulin ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ Type 2 DM .
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ูˆู„ุช ุชูŠุช ุจุจุฏุง ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠ ู„ูŠ ุนูŠุงู†ูŠ ๐Ÿ™‚๐Ÿ™‚๐Ÿ™‚.
Indication of insulin in Type Two DM.
๐ŸŒน1_ HbA1c >10 .
๐ŸŒน2. the patient c/o wt loss.
๐ŸŒน3. Shooting Blood suger inspite of oral hypoglycemic agent > 300 mg
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ blood glucose ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 300mg.
๐ŸŒน4.pateint has a severe symptoms of hyperglycaemia as polyuria and polydipsia.

ูŠู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุจุฏุง ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฃุจุฏุง ุจ long acting insulin ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ lantus ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุญู‚ุชูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุจุฏุง ุจ 10U ุงูˆ ุงุถุฑุจ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ููŠ 0.2 ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ Monitoring ุจ ุงู„ FBS .
ูˆ ุจุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠูˆุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ Metformin. ุญุชูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญูˆู„ุช ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู„ ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ Metformin ู… ุจูˆูู‚ูˆ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ. ุงู„ Metformin ู…ุง ุจูˆู‚ููˆ ู…ุง ุจูˆู‚ููˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุงุช ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ.


ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู†new diagnosis of type 2DM
ูƒุงู† ุงู„ HbA1c ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 10.
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‚ูŠุชูˆ 7.5 ุงู„ูŠ 9 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 7.5 ูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 10.
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ูŠุจุฏุง ุจ Two drug
ุจุจุฏุง starting by combinations therapy ุจ Two drug.
Metformin + other Type
according to status of patients and comorbiditis.
ุฃู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† HbA1c ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 7.5 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 7.4 ุจุจุฏุง ุจ one drug.

๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน
๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿฅ€

03/06/2024




ุฌุงุจูˆ ู„ูŠูƒ ุนูŠุงู† ุจ
acute decmpanstion of HF
ุงุตู„ุง ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† poor adherance to medication ุชู…ุงู…
Generalize body swelling ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูˆ

ูŠู„ุงุงุงุง ุนู…ู„ุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ assessment ุจุชุงุนุช ูˆ ุงู„ Vital sign ุญู‚ุชูƒ
BP 130/80
Pulse 100/min
ุฎู„ุงุงุงุงุงุงุงุงุต ุงู†ุง ุฏุงูŠุฑ ุงุจุฏุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุงู„ loop Diuretics ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ forusumide ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุจ laxis
ูˆ toresimide, bumitanide
ูŠู„ุง ุฏุงูŠุฑ ุงุจุฏ ู„ ุนูŠุงู†ูŠ laxis

ูŠู„ุง ูŠุง ุงู„ุนูˆูˆูˆูŽุถ ุจุชุจุฏุงู‡ูˆ ูƒูŠู ูˆ ูƒูŠู
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† congested ูŠู„ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ body ุจูŠูƒูˆู† congested ุญุชูŠ ุงู„ internal organ ุฒุงุชู‡ุง
Liver, lung, Kidney, GIT mucosa
ูŠู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ู… ูŠู†ูุน ุฃุฏู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† oral furosemide
ู„ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† absorpation ุญู‚ูˆ poor ู„ู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฏูŠ
๐Ÿฅ€_ intestinal mucosa edema
๐Ÿฅ€_ decrease intestinal perfusion
๐Ÿฅ€_ decrease Gi motility and pt nauseated
ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ุงุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒู… ุชุฏุจ ุนูŠุงู†ูƒ IV furosemide s ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฏูŠ
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
ู‚ุจู„ ู… ุงุจุฏุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุจุณุฃู„ ู†ูุณูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ููŠ laxis ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ููŠู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ูˆ double ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุญู‚ุชูˆ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจุงุฎุฏ 40 mg ุตุจุงุญ ูˆ ู…ุณุงุก ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠู‡ูˆ 80 mg ุตุจุงุญ ูˆ ู…ุณุงุก ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง.
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุจุฏุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุจ 40mg bolus dose
bolus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุชูˆูˆูˆูˆูˆุด ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆ ุณุฑูŠุน IV

ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠุช ุจ 40 mg ูŠู„ุงุงุงุงุงุงุง ู„ุงุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒู… ุงุดูˆู ููŠ response ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง ูŠู„ุง ุจุนุฏ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช ุจุดูˆูˆู ุงู„ Urine out put ูƒู… ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 100 ml/h ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ responce ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ 12 ุณุงุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 40 mg BID ุชู…ุงู…
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ Urine out put ุฃู‚ู„ 100 ู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ double ู„ู„ dose ุจุฏู„ 40 mg ุจุฏูŠู‡ูˆ 80 mg ูˆ ุจู†ุชุธุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช ู„ูˆ Urine out put ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 100mg ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ 12 ุณุงุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ 80 mg ุตุจุงุญ ูˆ ู…ุณุงุก
ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฏูŠุชูˆ ุงู„ 80mg ูˆ ุจุนุฏ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช Urine out put ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 100ml ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ double ู„ู„ dose ุญู‚ุชูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ 80 ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง 160 mg ูˆ ูŠู†ุชุธุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ 6 ุณุงุนุงุช
ู„ุญุฏูŠ ู… ุงุตู„ ู„ู„ maximum dose ุงู„ ู‡ูŠ 250 mg
ู„ูˆ ุญุตู„ุช ุงู„ 250 mg ูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ Urine out put ุญู‚ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 100 ml ููŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุถูŠู ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู†
Thiazide Diuretic as metalazone 5 mg /day
ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุญู‚ูŠ ุงู„ metalazone 5 mg ุญุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆู„ุงุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒู… ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ laxis ุจ ู†ุต ุณุงุนุฉ ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ metalazone ุฏู‡ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจูŠู‚ูู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ Na cotrasport ููŠ ุงู„ collecting duct ุนุดุงู† ู… ูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ reabsorpation ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„laxis ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ inhibition ู„ู„ Na reabsorpation ููŠ ุงู„ loop of henle ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ reabsorpation ููŠ ุงู„ collecting duct ูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ blood ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ metalazone ู„ูƒู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูˆ ุงู†ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠูƒ Hyponatremia ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู… ุชุฏูŠู‡ูˆ ุงุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ serum Na ูƒู….

ูŠู„ุงุงุงุง ุจุนุฏ ุฏุงูƒ ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ monitoring ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนุดุงู† ุงุดูˆู ุงู„

๐ŸŒท1_sign of hypovolemia
๐ŸŒท2_ Urine out put
๐ŸŒท3_wt of pt
ุงู†ุง ูŠูˆูˆู…ูŠ ู„ุงุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒู… ุงูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏูˆูˆู„
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆูˆูˆูˆูˆุถ ูŠู†ู‚ุต ู„ูŠ ู†ุต ูƒูŠู„ูˆ.0.5 kg/day ุฏู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ LL edema ุจุณ ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ LL edema +ascites ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆูˆุถ ูŠู†ู‚ุต ูƒูŠู„ูˆ 1 kg /day

๐ŸŒน4_ do dially RFT with E

ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ sever hypoalbuminemia ุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ serum albumin less than 2 g ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ู… ุญ ูŠุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠูƒ ู„ู„ loop Diuretic ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุช ุจุชู†ูุฎ ู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ู‚ุฑุฑุจุฉ ู…ู‚ุฏูˆูˆุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู…ุงู ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ laxis ุงุฌุฑุฑูŠ ุดูˆูˆู ุงู„ serum albumin ูƒู… ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† human albumin ุชู…ุงู…
ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู… ุจูŠุณุชุฌุจ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ sever hypoalbuminia ู„ุงู†ูˆ ูŠุง ุญุจูŠุจ ุงู„ laxis binding to albumin ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏูˆ ูุงูŠุฏุฉ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡. ุงู†ูˆ
โœ๏ธ1_ prevent furosemide escap from circulation to interstitium ุชู…ุงู… ู„ูˆ ุงู„ albumin low ูƒู„ูˆ ุจู‡ุฑุฑุจ ู„ูŠูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู…๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง
โœ๏ธ2_ albumin carry furosemide to renal tubule
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตู„ ุจูŠู‡ุง ู„ ู…ุญู„ ุดุบู„ูˆ ๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„๐Ÿ˜„

ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„side effects ุญู‚ุช ุงู„ loop Diuretic
๐ŸŒทHypovolemia
๐ŸŒทHyponaterima
๐ŸŒทHypok
๐ŸŒทHypoMg
๐ŸŒทHyperuricemia
๐ŸŒทOtotoxicity

ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุฎูŠุฑ ูƒุฏู‡
ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุฎุงูŠู ุงู†ูˆ ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† loop Diuretic
Large dose may lead to AKI
ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ intravasular volume depletion ุชู…ุงู… ูŠู„ุงุงุงุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชูู†ู† ููŠู‡ูˆ ูˆ ุชุฏูŠู‡ูˆ
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
Smal dose of hypertonic saline 3% 150 ml BID
ูˆ ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุฒูŠูƒ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intravasular volume ูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูŠูƒ good perfusion ู„ู„ Kideny.
ูˆ ู†ูƒุชููŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง

๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒท๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿ’œ
๐Ÿ’œ๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒท๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿ’œ

27/12/2023

๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

16/11/2023


๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

โ›”
It is medical emergancy
ู‚ุงุนุฏ ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ ูˆ ู…ุณุชูƒูŠู†ุŒ ุฌุงุจูˆ ู„ูŠูƒ ุนู…ูƒ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุฑุงุด ุชุฑุงุด ุชุฑุงุด ุณุงูŠู‚ู†ูˆ ุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงู„ุฉ ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ูˆ ู…ูˆุฑู…ุฉ.
ุงู„ูƒูˆุจูŠุดู† ู‚ุงู„ ู„ูŠูƒ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู‚ุจูŠู„ ู„ู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูˆ ุทู„ุจ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฏูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌ ุฏู‡ ุงุตู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูˆ ุถุบุท ูˆ ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุงู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุดุชูƒูŠ ู…ู† ุชูˆุฑู… ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจูˆู„ูˆ ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุณูŠุทุŒ.
ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ assese ุจุชุงุนูƒ ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„
BP 180/100
ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† pale ูˆ ู… ุนู†ุฏูˆ sign of HF ุทูˆุงู„ูŠ ููƒุฑุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ CKD.

ุทูŠุจ ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุจ ุงู„ ECG ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ sign of hyper K
ูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ Normal ECG is not excluded cardic instablility ูˆู‚ุน ู„ูŠูƒ ๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง
ุทูŠุจ ุดู†ูˆ ุงู„ sign ุงู„ ุจุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ECG ุทูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ K level ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† Normal ECG
๐ŸŒท6_7 mmol /L show hypetacute Twave
๐ŸŒท7_8 mmol /L show hypetacute T wave +Prolong OR interval +flat wave
๐ŸŒท8_9 mmol/L show hyperacute +Wide QRS complex
๐ŸŒท>9 mmol/L show cardic arreste and asystol ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุชุญุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญูˆู… ๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง

ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆูˆูุชู‡ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ urea 130mg /dl
S. Creatinine 7mg/d
S. 6.6mmol
๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ๐Ÿ˜ณ
ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุถุงุงุงุงุฑุจ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ hyperK

ุทูŠุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู†ุง ุฎุงูŠูุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ cardic arrhythmia ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุจุญู…ู‰ ุงู„ heart ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ
ุทูŠุจ ุจุชุญู…ูŠู‡ูˆ ุจ ุดู†ูˆูˆูˆ
ูŠุง ุงู„ุนูˆูˆูˆูˆุถ ุจุญู…ูŠู‡ูˆ ุจ Ca gluconate ุฌู…ูŠู„ ูŠุง ุงู„ุนูˆูˆูˆูˆุถ ุนููŠุช ู…ู†ูƒ ุงู‡ุง ูŠุง ุงู„ุนูˆูˆูˆูˆุถ ุจุชุฏูŠู‡ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู†
ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ุงู…ุจูˆู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูˆ ุทุจุนุข ููŠู‡ุง 10ml ูˆ ุจุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนุดุงู† 10% ู…ู† ุงู„ Ca ูˆ ุจู…ุฑุฑู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ููŠ 10 ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ rule of 10 ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ
_ 10% of Ca gluconate
_ 10 ml of Ca gluconate
_ 10 min infusion
ูˆ ุทุจุนุข ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ููŠ monitoring ูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ECG change ุจุชุนู…ู„ ass ูƒู„ 10 ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ ECG ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ Normal ูˆู„ูˆ ู… ุฑุฌุน ุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ dose ู„ุญุฏูŠ ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ู„ 4 ุงู…ุจูˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ 40 ml.

ุทูŠุจ ุจุนุฏ ุญู…ูŠุช ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุญู‚ ุนูŠุงู†ูƒ ุงุจุฏุง ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ุทูˆุงู„ูŠ
๐ŸŒท_ insluin 5_10 U soluble insluin iv +50 ml of D50%
ุชู…ุฑุฑูˆ ู„ูŠู‡ูˆ ููŠ 10 ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ maximal effect ุจูŠุธุฑ ู„ูŠู†ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ 4 ุณุงุนุงุช ูˆ ุจูŠู†ู‚ุต ู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุจ ู…ุนุฏู„ 0.5 _1 mmol/L
๐ŸŒท_give pt salbutamol 10 mg by nebulizer every 20 min for 1 h
ูˆุฏู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู… ู…ุญุจุฒ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุงู†ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ arrhythmia ู„ูƒู† ุบุงูŠุชูˆ ุจู†ุฏูŠู‡ูˆ ๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š

ูˆ ุชุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ s. K ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ู„ูŠูƒ ุดูˆูˆูŠุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู‡ู„ุง ูˆ ุณู‡ู„ุง ูˆ ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏ ุทูˆุงู„ูŠ ุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ููˆูˆู‚ ุฏูŠ ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ Prepration for hemodialysis .
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ููˆู‚ ุฏูŠ ุงุตู„ุง ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุฌูˆูˆูˆูˆู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„blood ุจุชุญุดุฑูˆ ู„ูŠูƒ ุฌูˆูˆู‡ ุงู„ cell ๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง

ูŠู„ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† K ู…ู† ุงู„ body ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ Dialysis ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ emergancy

ูˆ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ Ca Resonium ูˆ ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ chronic hyperK ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ powder ููŠ ุฃูƒูŠุงุณ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒู„ ูƒูŠุณ ููŠู‡ูˆ 15 g ุจูŠุชุญู„ ููŠ 100 ู…ู„ ู…ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุชุดุฑุจ ูƒู„ 8 ุณุงุนุงุช ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ูŠูˆู… ุงูˆ ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ูŠูƒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ K ููŠ ุงู„ stool. ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏูŠู‡ูˆ rectally ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† more effective.

Summary general ttt of hyperK
๐ŸŒน1_ decrease K intake ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ุงู„ููŠู‡ูˆ ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆูˆูˆูˆุฒ
๐ŸŒน2_ give ttt to shift K to cell as insluin +glucose and sabutamol nebulizer
๐ŸŒน3_ increase excreation of K from body by renal through Diuratic + Dialysis or from GIT through Ca Resonium.
ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ heart ุจ Ca gluconate

ุจุนุฏ ุฏุงูƒ ู… ุชู†ุณู‰ ุชูˆู‚ู ูƒู„ ุงู„ drug ุงู„ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ hyperK ุฒูŠ ACEI, ARBs, aldactone.

ู†ูˆูˆูˆูˆู‚ุทุฉ ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
ุงู„ chronic hyperK pt usually can tolerated But acute hyperK ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† not tolerated ูˆ ุทูˆุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒุฏุณ ุณุฑุฑุฑูŠุน ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ cardic problem ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ุฑูˆ ุฏุงู‚ูŠ ู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†ุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู†ุงุช ๐Ÿ˜ฎ๐Ÿ˜ฎ๐Ÿ˜ฎ


#ูุชูŠู„๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜
๐ŸŒน๐Ÿฅ€๐ŸŒท๐Ÿ’™๐Ÿ’œ
๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒท๐Ÿ’œ๐Ÿ’™๐Ÿฅ€

08/11/2023



Chronic non bloody diarrhea with lymphadenopathy
think of the
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุฏูŠ
๐ŸŒน1_ Disseminate TB .
๐ŸŒน2_ lymphoma.
๐ŸŒน3_ Whipple disease.
๐ŸŒน4_ HIV enteropathy.
๐ŸŒน5_ VL complicated by Diarrhea.

ุจุนุฏ ุฏุงูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุญู‚ูƒ
Fever with Night sweating + cough + wt loss think of TB .
ุชุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฑูŠ of contact pt with cough.
ุจุนุฏ ุฏุงูƒ ุชุดูˆูˆู ุงู„ chest examination ุญู‚ูƒ .

ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ lymphoma ุงู„ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุญู‚ุชู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ TB ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑู‚ ู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
_ itching in lymphoma .
_ No itching in TB .
ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ lymph nodes ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง
_ Rubbery going with lymphoma .
_ Matted together going with TB .

ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุนู†ุฏูˆ
Joint pain+ hyperpigmentation
Hepatosplenomegaly and CNS symptoms
ุทูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชููƒุฑ ููŠ Whipple disease.

๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน
๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน

04/11/2023



Any diabetic patients
ุงู†ุช ู„ุงุฒุฒุฒุฒุฒู… ุชุญู‚ู‚ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ููŠ Flow up

ูƒู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุจุชุงุนูƒ ุงู†ูƒ ุชุตู„ ู„ Target ุฏู‡
To prevent the complications of DM .
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡

๐ŸŒน_ FBG < 110 mg
๐ŸŒน_ 2 HPP < 180 mg
๐ŸŒน_ HbAic < 7 %
๐ŸŒน_ UG no any albuminuria
๐ŸŒน_ BP < 130 / 80

Any diabetic patients age > 40 year start lipids lowering agent ( Statin ) . ๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน

๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน
๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน

29/10/2023



Bradycardia with high BP
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
If comatose patient think of the
๐ŸŒน1_ Cushing reflex that indicates raising ICP
( Not ass with generalized body swelling and the patient has a good urine output).

๐ŸŒน2_ CKD complicated by hyperK and uremic encephalopathy ( usually ass with generalized body swelling and no Urine output) .
ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุณู…ูˆูˆ ู…ูˆุฑู….

๐Ÿ”ฅIf the patient fully conscious think of
CKD with hyperK but without uremic encephalopathy ๐Ÿ˜€๐Ÿ˜€๐Ÿ˜€๐Ÿ˜€๐Ÿ˜€๐Ÿ˜€๐Ÿ˜€๐Ÿ˜€ .

Bradycardia with hypotension
If the patient comatose
Think of
๐ŸŒน_ severe sepsis complicated by severe metabolic acidosis ( look for lactate level if more than 4 that indicates very bad prognosis).
๐ŸŒน_ obstructive jaundice complicated by sepsis.
๐ŸŒน_ myxedema coma so look for sign of hypothyroidism and Addison disease
ุนุดุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุงุฒุฒุฒู… ุชุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† hydrocortisone ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุชุฏูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฃูŠ thyroxine ู„ุฃู†ูˆ ุญ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ adrenal Criss.
If bradycardia with hypotension and the patient is fully conscious think of
Heart block
Inferior MI
Drugs over dose as BB + CCB
ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ drug ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน

๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน
๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน

28/10/2023



Toxemic symptoms in the setting of chest symptom
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดู†ูˆ Toxemia symptom ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠุดุชูƒูŠ ู…ู†

๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
Night fever, Night sweating, wt loss, Loss of appetite.

ูŠู„ุง ุงู„ toxemia symptom ุฏูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ู…ุน chest symptom ู…ุซู„ุง ุฐูŠ cough, sob, pleuritic chest pain ูŠู„ุงุงุงุง ูˆู„ุง ุชุชู„ูุช ุทูˆุงู„ูŠ ููƒุฑูŠ ู„ูŠ ููŠ
immediately think of

๐Ÿฅ€1_ pulmonary koch
๐Ÿฅ€2_ malgnancy
Primary CA lung or hematological ad lymphoma
๐Ÿฅ€3_ supurative lung diseases
_ lung abscess
_ bronchiectasis
_ empyema

ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ lymphoma ูˆ ุงู„ TB ุจูŠุชุดุงุจู‡ูˆ ุดุฏูŠุฏ
ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆ ู„ูŠูƒ lymphadenopathy, Night fever and sweating, wt loss
ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ lymphoma ุฏูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆูˆู‡ุง
ุงู„ B symptom ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุงุงุงุงุชู‡ ุฏูŠู„
_fever
_Night sweating
_unintenstinal wt loss
ูˆุทุจุนุข ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ููŠ B_ symptom ุจุฑุถูˆ ููŠ A_ symptom
A_symptom ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู… ููŠ ุงูŠ symptom asymptomatic ๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง

ูˆ ุทุจุนุข ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุชุฑุฌุน ู„ูŠ ูƒูุฉ ุงู„ Lymphoma ู…ู† ุงู„ TB ู‡ูŠ skin itching ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ lymphoma ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… itching ๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š

ุทูŠุจ ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠ ู„ู„ supurative lung disease
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ูˆู‡ูŠ
Large amount of suptum and offnisive odor
Very bad odor๐Ÿ˜’๐Ÿ˜’๐Ÿ˜’๐Ÿ˜’๐Ÿ˜’

ูˆ ุชูƒู…ู„ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุญู‚ูƒ ูƒู„ูˆูˆูˆูˆ

ู„ู…ุง ุชุฌูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ examination ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู†
ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ look for sign of dehydration ู‚ุจู„ ู… ุชูุชูŠุด ู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ู„ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุฏูŠู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† dehydration ูˆ ุถุงุฑุจูŠู† ุงู„ renal failure ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ fluids loss due to fever and sweating, suptum ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… poor oral intake ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตุญูŠ ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜

ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู† ุงู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… chronic productive cough ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูŠู‡ู… hypoalbuminia ูˆ ุณุจุจู‡ุง
1_ malnuitration due poor appetite
2_ loss of protein in suptum ๐Ÿ˜Š๐Ÿ˜Š ุฌุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡

ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู†ู…ุดูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุดูˆูˆูˆูŠุฉ ูŠู„ุง ูƒุดูุช ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ Vital sign ุญู‚ุชูŠ ู„ู‚ูŠุชูˆ dehydrated ูŠู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ
our aim to rehydration the pt by Normal saline
ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ ุนูŠุงู†ูƒ ู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ dehydrated ูˆ ุฒูŠุชูˆ ุทุงู„ุน ูˆ ุฒู‡ุฌุงู† ูˆ ุงู†ุช ุดุบุงู„ ููŠู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุณุชูˆุฑูŠ ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ูˆ ุชู‚ุนุฏ ุชุชู„ูƒู„ูƒ ูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุงู„ dehydration ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฒู‡ุฌ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง๐Ÿง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตุญูŠ
ู„ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฌูŠุจูˆ ู„ูŠูƒ ุนู…ูƒ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชู„ู‚ุงู‡ูˆ ุฒู‡ุฌุงู† ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ู… ุทุงูŠู‚ ุงูŠ ุฒูˆูˆู„ ุจ ู„ู…ุง ุชุนู…ุจ rehydration ุชู„ู‚ุงู‡ูˆ ู‚ุนุฏ ูŠูˆู†ุณ ู„ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ๐Ÿ˜’ .

๐Ÿฅ€๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒท๐Ÿฅ€๐Ÿ’œ
๐ŸŒน๐Ÿ’๐ŸŒน๐ŸŒน

Want your school to be the top-listed School/college in Khartoum?

Click here to claim your Sponsored Listing.

Location

Website

Address

Khartoum