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Social exchange theory was developed by sociologist George Homans in the 1950s and further expanded by sociologist Peter Blau in the 1960s. The basic concept of social exchange theory revolves around the idea that individuals engage in social relationships based on a rational calculation of costs and benefits.

In simpler terms, people weigh the rewards they receive from a relationship against the costs involved. Rewards can include things like companionship, emotional support, or tangible help, while costs may involve time, effort, or emotional investment. The theory suggests that individuals aim to maximize their rewards while minimizing their costs in social interactions.

By assessing the balance between rewards and costs, individuals can determine the value of a relationship and decide whether to initiate, maintain, or terminate it. This theory helps explain how relationships form, evolve, and sometimes dissolve based on the perceived benefits and drawbacks associated with them.

Ethnography, a qualitative research method, as a concept was first introduced by the anthropologist Bronisław Malinowski in the early 20th century. It is used in various fields such as anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies to study and describe different cultures and societies. Ethnography involves researchers immersing themselves in a specific culture to observe, interact, and understand the social practices, beliefs, and behaviors of the community.

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