Reti Educational Society

30/07/2021

ٹیکنالوجی کی دنیا میں چند اہم معلومات۔۔۔۔
*Computer = Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used in Technical and Educational Research*

CPU = Central Processing Unit

RAM = Random Access Memory

ROM = Read Only Memory

PROM = Programmable Read Only Memory

EPROM = Erasable PROM

EEPROM = Electrically EPROM

HDD = Hard Disk Drive

FDD = Floppy Disk Drive

KBD = KeyBoard

I/O = Input & Output

CD = Compact Disk

DVD = Digital Video Disk

SMPS = Switch Mode Power Supply

POST = Power ON Self Test

BIOS = Basic Input Output System

VDU = Visible Display Unit

LED = Light Embedded Diode

LCD = Liquid Crystal Display

USB = Universal Serial Bus

VGA = Video/Visual Graphic Adapter

LAN = Local Area Network

WAN = Wide Area Network

MAN = Metropolitan Area Network

HLL = High Level Language

LLL = Low Level Language

MIPS = Million of Instruction Per Second

Mbps = Mega Bytes Per second

Kbps = Kilo Bytes per second

HTTP = Hyper Text Templates

WWW = World Wide Web

IP = Internet Protocol

ISP = Internet Service Provider

4 Bits = 1 Nibble

8 Bits = 1 Byte

1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte ( KB )

1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte ( MB )

1024 MB = 1 Gyga Byte ( GB )

1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte ( TB )

1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte ( PB )

1024 PB = 1 Exa Byte ( EB )

1024 EB = 1 Zetta Byte ( ZB )

1024 ZB = 1 Yotta Byte ( YB )
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

HTTPS - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure.

IP - Internet Protocol.

URL - Uniform Resource Locator.

USB - Universal Serial Bus.

VIRUS - Vital Information Resource Under Seized.

3G - 3rd Generation.

GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access.

UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.

SIM - Subscriber Identity Module.

AVI - Audio Video Interleave

RTS - Real Time Streaming

SIS - Symbian OS Installer File

AMR - Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec

JAD - Java Application Descriptor

JAR - Java Archive

JAD - Java Application Descriptor

3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project

3GP - 3rd Generation Project

MP3 - MPEG player lll

MP4 - MPEG-4 video file

AAC - Advanced Audio Coding

GIF - Graphic Interchangeable Format

JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group

BMP - Bitmap

SWF - Shock Wave Flash

WMV - Windows Media Video

WMA - Windows Media Audio

WAV - Waveform Audio

PNG - Portable Network Graphics

DOC - Document (Microsoft Corporation)

PDF - Portable Document Format

M3G - Mobile 3D Graphics

M4A - MPEG-4 Audio File

NTH - Nokia Theme (series 40)

THM - Themes (Sony Ericsson)

MMF - Synthetic Music Mobile Application File

NRT - Nokia Ringtone

XMF - Extensible Music File

WBMP - Wireless Bitmap Image

DVX - DivX Video

HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language

WML - Wireless Markup Language

CD - Compact Disk.

DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.

CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.

DAT - Digital Audio Tape.

DOS - Disk Operating System.

GUI - Graphical User Interface.

HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

IP - Internet Protocol.

ISP - Internet Service Provider.

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.

UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply.

HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access.

EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for GSM [Global System for Mobile Communication] Evolution.

VHF - Very High Frequency.

UHF - Ultra High Frequency.

GPRS - General Packet Radio Service.

WAP - Wireless Application Protocol.

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol .

ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network.

IBM - International Business Machines.

HP - Hewlett Packard.

AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.

WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network

AVI - Audio Video Interleave

RTS - Real Time Streaming

SIS - Symbian OS Installer File

AMR - Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec

JAD - Java Application Descriptor

JAR - Java Archive

JAD - Java Application Descriptor

3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project

3GP - 3rd Generation Project

MP3 - MPEG player lll

MP4 - MPEG-4 video file

AAC - Advanced Audio Coding

GIF - Graphic Interchangeable Format

JPEG - Joint Photographic Expert Group

BMP - Bitmap

SWF - Shock Wave Flash

WMV - Windows Media Video

WMA - Windows Media Audio

WAV - Waveform Audio

PNG - Portable Network Graphics

DOC - Document (Microsoft Corporation)

PDF - Portable Document Format

M3G - Mobile 3D Graphics

M4A - MPEG-4 Audio File

NTH - Nokia Theme (series 40)

THM - Themes (Sony Ericsson)

MMF - Synthetic Music Mobile Application File

NRT - Nokia Ringtone

XMF - Extensible Music File

WBMP - Wireless Bitmap Image

DVX - DivX Video

HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language

WML - Wireless Markup Language

CD - Compact Disk.

DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.

CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.

DAT - Digital Audio Tape.

DOS - Disk Operating System.

GUI - Graphical User Interface.

HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

IP - Internet Protocol.

ISP - Internet Service Provider.

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.

UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply.

URL - Uniform Resource Locator.

USB - Universal Serial Bus.

VIRUS - Vital Information Resource Under Seized.

3G - 3rd Generation.

GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access.

UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.

SIM - Subscriber Identity Module.

HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access.

EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for

GSM - [Global System for Mobile Communication] Evolution.

VHF - Very High Frequency.

UHF - Ultra High Frequency.

GPRS - General Packet Radio Service.

WAP - Wireless Application Protocol.

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol .

ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network.

IBM - International Business Machine Corporation.

HP - Hewlett Packard.

AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.

WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
#

Every_Day_Science_Abbreviations

38. FAT: File Allocation Table
39. FCPS: Fellow Of The Royal College Of Physicians And Surgeons
40. FM: Frequency Modulation
41. FMCT: Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty
42. FRCS: Fellow Of The Royal College Of Surgeons
43. GHz. Gigahertz
44. GMT: Greenwich Mean Tim
45. HIV: Human Immune Deficiency Virus
46. HTML: Hypertext Mark-Up Language
47. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
48. IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency (UN)
49. IBM: International Business Machine
50. IC: Integrated Circuit/ Intelligence Corps
51. ICBM: Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile
52. ICU: Intensive Care Unit
53. IEA: International Energy Agency
54. INSTRAW: International Research And Training Institute For The Advancement Of
Women
55. INTELSAC: International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium
56. Intelsat: International Telecommunications Satellite Organisation
57. IRBM: Intermediate Range ballistic Missile
58. ISP: Internet Service Provider
59. IT: Information Technology
60. ITB: Information Technology Board
61. JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
62. KANUPP: Karachi Nuclear Power Plant
63. KAPCO: Kot Adu Power Company
64. kHz: Kilohertz
65. KV: Kilo Volt
66. kW: Kilowatt
67. MCAT: Medical Colleges Admission Test
68. MDS: Master In Dental Surgery
69. MNP: Mobile Number Portibility
70. MRBM: Medium Range Ballistic Missile
71. MRCP: Member Of Royal College Of Physicians
72. MRCS: Member Of Royal College Of Surgeons
73. MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
74. MS: Medical Superintendent
75. MSN: Microsoft Network
76. MW: Megawatt
77. NADRA: National Database And Registration Authority
78. NEPRA: National Electric Power Regulatory Authority
79. NM: Nautical Mile
80. NMD: National Missile Defence
81. NPT: Non-Nuclear Proliferation Treaty
82. NRA: Nuclear Regulatory Authority
83. OGRA: Oil And Gas Regulatory Authority
84. NWD: Nation Wide Dialling
85. OGDC: Oil And Gas Development Corporation
86. pm: Post Meridiem
❤

platform of students.

30/06/2020

Factorial
جُزڙو
جُزرو
”اصغر ساگر“

جُزڙو ھڪ ڪارج آھي جيڪو ھر ھيٺئين عدد سان ضرب ڪري ٿو.
مثال طور:
5!= 5×4×3×2×1=120
ڪارج n عدد جي طريقي کي معلوم ڪرڻ لاء ٻين شين ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو اھڙيون شيون جن کي مھيا ڪري سگهجي ٿو.
جزڙو ڪنھن قدرتي عدد کي سڀن قدرتي عددن سان ضرب ڪرڻ وارو عمل آھي جيڪي انهي کان ننڍا آھن جيڪي !n جي وصف ڏين ٿا.
n! = n × (n - 1)!
n! = n × (n - 1) × (n - 2) × (n - 3) ....
آخر ۾ جُزڙو سوالن لاء استعمال ٿئي ٿو جيڪي معلوم ڪرڻ لاء توکان پڇن ٿا تہ ڪيترن طريقا توھان مھيا ڪري سگهو ٿا يا شين جي سيٽ جي ڳڻي کي ترتيب ڏيئي سگهو ٿا. !0 کي 1 برابر بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو نڪي 0 برابر. اسان چئي سگهون ٿا تہ جزڙو ڪجھ بہ نہ آھي.
مثال:
3! ڪيئن معلوم ڪجي؟
n! = n × (n - 1) × (n - 2)
3! = 3 × (3 - 1) × (3 - 2)
3! = 3 × 2 × 1
3! = 6
Easy method
3! = 3×2×1
3! = 6
A factorial is a function that multiplies a number by every number below it.
For example 5!= 5×4×3×2×1=120
The function is used, among other things, to find the number of way “n” objects can be arranged.
Factorial is the operation of multiplying any natural number with all the natural numbers that are smaller than it, giving us the mathematical definition
n! = n × (n - 1)!
n! = n × (n - 1) × (n - 2) × (n - 3) ....
Lastly, factorial is used for questions that ask you to find how many ways you can arrange or order a set number of things. 0! is defined to be equal to 1, not 0. We can say factorial is nothing.

Example:
How to find 3!?
n! = n × (n - 1)!
n! = n × (n - 1) × (n - 2)
3! = 3 × (3 - 1) × (3 - 2)
3! = 3 × 2 × 1
3! = 6
Easy method
3! = 3×2×1
3! = 6

29/06/2020

Square root
ٻيو مول
مربع مول
چورس مول
”اصغر ساگر“

عدد جو ٻيو مول ھڪ عدد آھي جڏھن ان کي پاڻ سان ضرب ڪيو وڃي تہ اھو ٻِمُول جي برابر بيھي ٿو.

يا

رياضي ۾، x عدد جو ٻيو مول y عدد آھي
جيئن y2 = x، ٻين لفظن ۾ y عدد جنھن جو مربع ( عدد کي پنھنجو پاڻ سان ضرب ڪرڻ جو نتيجو يا y.y) x آھي.
مثال طور 4 ۽ 4- اھي 16 جو ٻيو مول آھن ڇوجو
2 2
4 = (−4) = 16.
ھر اڻڪاٽو حقيقي عدد x کي منفرد اڻڪاٽو ٻيو مول ھوندو آھي جنھن کي بنيادي ٻيو مول سڏجي ٿو جيڪو x√ سان شامل ڪيو وڃي ٿو جتي نشاني √ کي بُڻ مُول نشاني يا بُڻ مُول سڏجي ٿو.
مثال طور 9 جو بنيادي ٻيو مول 3 آھي جنھن کي
3= 9√ سان ظاھر ڪيو وڃي ٿو ڇوجو
2
3 = 3 ⋅ 3
9 ۽ 3 اڻڪاٽو آھن.
اصطلاح يا عدد جنھن جو ٻيو مول طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ان کي ٻِمُول ڄاتو وڃي ٿو. ٻِمُول 9 جي ھن مثال ۾ ٻمول نشاني جي ھيٺان عدد يا اظھار آھي.

The square root of a number is a number when multiplied by itself equals the radicand.

Or

In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that y2 = x; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or y ⋅ y) is x. For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 because 42 = (−4)2 = 16. Every nonnegative real number x has a unique nonnegative square root, called the principal square root, which is denoted by √x, where the symbol √ is called the radical sign or radix.
For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, which is denoted by √9 = 3, because 32 = 3 ⋅ 3 = 9 and 3 is nonnegative.
The term (or number) whose square root is being considered is known as the radicand. The radicand is the number or expression underneath the radical sign, in this example 9.

Square root
ٻيو مول ۔ مربع مول ۔ چورس مول

Nonnegative real number
اڻڪاٽو حقيقي عدد ۔ بي ڪاٽو حقيقي عدد

Unique nonnegative square root
منفرد اڻڪاٽو ٻيو مول ۔ بينظير اڻڪاٽو ٻيو مول

Principal square root بنيادي ٻيو مول

√ = Radical sign
بڻ مول نشاني ۔ بڻ پاڙ نشاني ۔ بڻ جَڙ نشاني

√ = Radix بڻ مول ۔ بڻ پاڙ ۔ بڻ جڙ

ٻِمُول Radicand

13/06/2020

physics notes.

09/06/2020

Study plan for CSS Exam preparation

Failing to plan is planning to fail!

There are basically two factors that compel the unavoidability of a schedule for your CSS exam preparation:

1. The humungous CSS syllabus.
2. The fact that you should set aside at least 5-6 months if not more for your CSS preparation.

A study plan will help streamline your CSS preparation. This way you avoid going into depth where it is not needed. With a study plan, you will prepare only as per the CSS syllabus thus eliminating wastage of time. This increases your productivity.

With a study plan you can evaluate yourself as to how far you have come in your CSS preparation.
A study plan will put you in charge of your preparation. It will give you a sense of direction and you know where to go. You will not be overwhelmed with the gigantic syllabus.
A study plan will help your brain focus which in turn leads to better memory and understanding of the concepts.

Having and following a study plan means the work load is uniformly distributed over the course of your study and you don’t have to sit up late or study at odd hours. This way you can take care of your physical and mental well-being.
With a study plan you will tend to study more regularly and this reduces stress and anxiety.
A study plan is utmost essential if you are self-studying for your exam. Without a constant mentor to push you, you may wander off or fall back in your preparation. A study plan will ensure that you are on track.
As mentioned earlier, a study plan avoids random study. Each subject in the CSS exam requires specialised approaches. Your study plan will help you customise your preparation according to the subject.
Finally, a study plan can give you an edge over your competitors in the CSS exams. Since you would be able to cover whatever you intended to, and you would be stress-free in the run-up to the civil services exams, you will be better prepared.
Don’t panic if you feel your study plan is very different from others. You have created one according to your needs and style. STICK TO IT and don’t change it midway. It can lead to total chaos and disturb your flow. It is good enough if you have a plan of your own and you adhere to it steadfastly.

Things to remember:
Don’t set unrealistic study plan or you can be frustrated.
Don’t change plans midway and if you want to make any changes make it in the initial stage itself.
Have a strict study plan and make sure you follow it sincerely.
The daily routine can be flexible but the study plan should by and large remain fixed. So, even if you lose two days of study because of an illness, you should try and make up for the loss later so that your preparation goes on track. This will ensure that you finish the syllabus well on time.

You have to follow study plan because Cracking the CSS exam, the mother of all the exams 😃 in the country, requires not just dedication and hard work, but also a systematic approach to its preparation. Talent can get you only so far. It requires proper planning and organising to clear CSS. A scientific approach is necessary to deal with the CSS preparation that is bound to spread over 6-7 months of a year. Random studies never yield good results. You will most likely not be able to finish your syllabus if you don’t follow a pattern and your CSS dream will remain unfulfilled only because you lacked a plan.
And Remember the words of French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry –

“A goal without a plan is just a wish!”

In my next post, I will tell you that what is required of you to make and follow a daily time table and study plan for CSS preparation.

Best Wishes!

Regards: Imaz Virk

22/05/2020

پيج کي لائڪ ڪيو