Chemistry & history learning

07/11/2022

06/11/2022

Do you know??
ALKANES:-

2.6: Chemical Properties of Alkanes

• Reaction With Steam

In the presence of nickel, methane combines with steam at 1273K and decomposes into carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas.

Steam reforming is a well-established industrial technique for producing H2 gas from hydrocarbons, and it is used to produce H2 gas from methane.

06/11/2022

06/11/2022

Guess Biology Second Year 2022
*SHORT QUESTIONS*
*Chapter 15*
1. Define homeostasis.
2. Differentiate between osmoconformers and osmoregulators.
3. Define anhydrobiosis with an example.
4. Give the structural formulae of urea and uric acid.
5. What are the differences between ureotelic and uricotelic animals?
6. Sketch the metabolic pathway of urea cycle.
7. What is lithotripsy?
8. Differentiate between poikilotherms and homeotherms.
9. Differentiate between ectotherm and endotherm.
10. What is shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis?
11. Differentiate between pyrexia and pyrogens.
12. Give any four characters of xerophytes.
13. What is counter-current mechanism?
14. What are excretophores?

*Chapter 16*
1. Differentiate between collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.
2. What is ecdysis or moulting?
3. Give any fours functions of endoskeleton.
4. Differentiate between bone and cartilage.
5. Differentiate between hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage.
6. What is herniation of disc?
7. What is hematoma formation?
8. What is the difference between tetanus and muscle tetany?
9. What is the difference between tendon and ligament?
10. What is sciatica? What are its causes?

*Chapter 17*
1. What are the commercial applications of Auxins?
2. What are the commercial applications of ethene?
3. What are the commercial applications of cytokinins?
4. How axon differ from dendron?
5. What is reflex arc?
6. Define nerve impulse.
7. What is saltatory impulse?
8. What is synapse?
9. What are neurotransmitters? Give their various types.
10. What is the difference between CNS and PNS?
11. Differentiate between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
12. What is epilepsy?
13. What is feedback mechanism?
14. Differentiate between innate and learning behaviour.
15. What is sign stimulus?
16. What is imprinting?

*Chapter 18*
1. What is the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in human?
2. What are spermatophytes?
3. What is parthenocarpy and its applications?
4. Differentiate between fruit set and fruit ripening.
5. Define climacteric.
6. What is parthenogenesis? Give its types.
7. How identical twins differ from fraternal twins?
8. Differentiate placenta from after birth.
9. How implantation differs from menopause?
10. How lactation differ from gestation?
11. What is the role of placenta in man?
12. What have you learned about test tube babies?
13. What is apomixes?

*Chapter 19*
1. Differentiate between growth and development.
2. Write intercalary meristems and their functions.
3. Define correlation and differentiation.
4. What is the difference between inhibitory effect and compensatory effect?
5. How area opaca differs from the area pellucida?
6. Define Hensen’s node.
7. Define gastrulation.
8. What are teratogens and teratology?

*Chapter 20*
1. Differentiate between codon and anti-codon.
2. Give four morphological types of chromosomes.
3. Define the term nucleosome.
4. Define transformation principal.
5. What is phosphodiester bond? Sketch.
6. What is semi-conservative replication?
7. What are Okazaki fragments?
8. What is central dogma?
9. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
10. Define a transcription bubble.
11. Compare replication with transcription.
12. Define translation.
13. Differentiate between chromosomal aberration and point mutations.
14. Define phenylketonuria and write its symptoms.
15. What are mutagens? Give an example.
16. Differentiate between heterochromatin and euchromatin.
17. What is genetic code?

*Chapter 21*
1. Give importance and significance of meiosis?
2. How can you identify the cancer cells?
3. What is mitotic apparatus? Give its functions.
4. Define chromosomal non-disjunction.
5. What is the role of centriole in an animal cell?
6. Define mitosis.
7. Define cancer.
8. What do you know about metastasis?
9. Define bivalent or tetrad.
10. What is chiasmata formation?
11. How does Anaphase-I of meiosis differ from Anaphase of mitosis?
12. What is Turner’s syndrome?
13. What is the cause and symptoms of Down’s syndrome?
14. What is the cause and symptoms of Klinefelter’s syndrome?

*Chapter 22*
1. What is incomplete dominance and codominance?
2. What is a gene pool?
3. What is a test cross? Why did Mendel devise this cross?
4. What is MODY?
5. State Mendel’s law of segregation.
6. State the law of independent assortment.
7. Define multiple alleles.
8. Differentiate between epistasis and dominance.
9. What is gene linkage?
10. Differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous.
11. Differentiate between dominant and recessive.
12. Differentiate between phenotype and genotype.
13. What are sex-linked traits?

*Chapter 23*
1. Explain and give examples of ex vivo and in vivo gene therapies in humans?
2. What are three possible ways to obtain gene of interest?
3. What are restriction enzymes?
4. What are palindromic sequences?
5. What is chimaeric DNA?
6. What are transgenic organisms?
7. Differentiate between transgenic plants and transgenic animals.
8. Why urine is considered as a preferable vehicle for a biotechnology product as compared
to the milk?

*Chapter 24*
1. State Endosymbiont hypothesis.
2. State Hardy Weinberg theorem.
3. What is Vent hypothesis?
4. What are vestigial organs? Give two examples.
5. State Darwinism.
6. Differentiate between analogous and homologous organs.
7. Define genetic drift.
8. State theory of special creation. Who proposed it?
9. What is Neo-Darwinism?
10. Enlist the factors which effect the gene frequency.

*Chapter 25*
1. What are the biogeochemical cycles?
2. Define ecosystem.
3. Define biosphere.
4. Differentiate between population & community.
5. Differentiate between habitat and ecological niche.
6. Differentiate between autecology & synecology.
7. Differentiate between food chain and food web.
8. Differentiate between commensalism and mutualism.
9. What is soil erosion?
10. Define the productivity of an ecosystem.

*Chapter 26*
1. Compare littoral zone with the limnetic zone in lake.
2. What are zooplankton and phytoplankton.
3. What are alpine and boreal forests?
4. Define desertification. What is the effect of human impact on desert ecosystem?
5. Define Prairies, Pampas and Savanna.
6. What do you mean by layering in grassland ecosystem?

*Chapter 27*
1. What is stone cancer? Give its cause.
2. Why forests are called environmental buffers?
3. Differentiate between deforestation and afforestation.
4. Differentiate between exhaustible and nom-exhaustible *energy resources?
5. What is acid rain and greenhouse effect?
6. What is eutrophication?

*EXTENSIVE QUESTIONS*

1. Excretion in Plants [Chapter 15]
2. Liver [Chapter 15]
3. Structure & Functioning of Nephron [Chapter 15]
4. Kidney Problems & Their Cure [Chapter 15]
5. Excretion in Animals with reference to availability of water in various habitats [Chapter
15]
6. Human Skeleton (Axial & Appendicular) [Chapter 16]
7. Joints [Chapter 16]
8. Repair of Broken Bone [Chapter 16]
9. Ultra-Structure of Muscles [Chapter 16]
10. Nerve Impulse [Chapter 17]
11. Synapse [Chapter 17]
12. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) [Chapter 17]
13. Pituitary Gland [Chapter 17]
14. Thyroid Gland [Chapter 17]
15. Learning Behaviour (types) [Chapter 17]
16. Male Reproductive System [Chapter 18]
17. Female Reproductive System [Chapter 18]
18. Female Reproductive Cycle (Menstrual Cycle) [Chapter 18]
19. Birth [Chapter 18]
20. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) [Chapter 18]
21. Role of Nucleus in Development [Chapter 19]
22. Regeneration [Chapter 19]
23. Abnormal Development (Teratology) [Chapter 19]
24. Meselson-Stahl experiment [Chapter 20]
25. DNA Replication [Chapter 20]
26. Beadle-Tatum Experiment [Chapter 20]
27. Transcription [Chapter 20]
28. Translation [Chapter 20]
29. Mutations [Chapter 20]
30. Law of Segregation [Chapter 22]
31. Test Cross [Chapter 22]
32. Law of Independent Assortment [Chapter 22]
33. ABO Blood Group System [Chapter 22]
34. Rh Blood Group System [Chapter 22]
35. Colour Blindness [Chapter 22]
36. Haemophilia [Chapter 22]
37. Diabetes & its Genetic Bases [Chapter 22]
38. Evidences of Evolution [Chapter 24]
39. Hardy-Weinberg Theorem [Chapter 24]
40. Nitrogen Cycle [Chapter 25]
41. Notes on Green House Effect, Acid Rain & Eutrophication [Chapter 27].

27/06/2022

How to do Electronic configuration?
What is periodic law and modern periodic table ?
mendleve periodictable
atomic number
Knowledge In by Umar Awan

24/06/2022

what is All india muslim league?
what was the reason behind formation of All india muslim league?
what was the aim of all india muslim league?
آل انڈیا مسلم لیگ کا قیام۔
مسلم لیگ کیوں بنائی گئی؟
مسلم لیگ کے بنانے کے مقاصد کیا تھے؟

24/06/2022

what is ideology?
what is nazria Pakistan?
نظریہ کیا ہے؟
نظریہ پاکستان کیا ہے؟
Inn-by Umar awan

24/06/2022

what is ideology?
what is two Nation Theory ?
what is nazria Pakistan?
نظریہ کیا ہے؟
دو قومی نظریہ کیا ہے
نظریہ پاکستان کیا ہے؟









Inn-by Umar awan

22/06/2022

what is ideology?
what is two Nation Theory ?
what is nazria Pakistan?
نظریہ کیا ہے؟
دو قومی نظریہ کیا ہے
نظریہ پاکستان کیا ہے؟








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https://knowledgein07.blogspot.com/2022/06/blog-post.html?m=1
Inn-by Umar awan