IBGE-Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

This is a reminder for all IBGIANS to bring their vaccination certificates by tommorrow (31/01/2022). Infected students must not come to the institute for classes or must keep themselves seperated from other students, staff and faculty while appearing in exam. Others must get their vaccinations by coming week.
Professor Dr. Iqbal Munir.

Due to rise in Corona cases %age across the country, all faculty, staff and students of IBGE are advised to follow proper COVID 19 SoPs while entering IBGE. Use proper masks, observe social distancing and avoid hand shaking at the institute and outside.
Stay safe and blessed.
Professor Dr. Iqbal Munir

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Calling all fresh grads and project students! Join our stellar team and be in the middle of all the action. PML is looking for biologists, data scientists, medics, dentistry grads, and storytellers. Apply now! https://www.precisionmedicine.pk/jobs Deadline: 29 Feb 2020.

‘Superblack’ bird of paradise feathers absorb 99.95% of light Profoundly black feathers may help impress females during courtship

Did you know the Antarctic Icefish has no red blood cells or hemoglobin so their blood is clear? They live in the sub-zero waters around Antarctica and are highly adapted for the cold. They are the only vertebrates that have completely lost the ability to make hemoglobin and red blood cells. Instead they absorb oxygen directly into their blood plasma which is much less efficient. As a result they have huge volumes of blood in their over sized hearts and blood vessels. Most species of Icefish have also lost the ability to make myoglobin which is similar to hemoglobin except it's role is to pull oxygen from the blood into the muscles. To keep their blood from freezing below zero they have specialized antifreeze proteins that bind to ice crystals and prevent them from growing. This keeps them alive in waters that would freeze other fish solid. Their antifreeze proteins are modified pancreatic trypsinogen proteins. They've lost the ability to tolerate even warm temperatures because they lack a heat shock response and since they have clear blood and are scaleless they have very translucent bodies with visible organs. They make up 90% of the fish biomass in the southern ocean.

Did you know the Bombardier beetle can spray boiling chemicals and steam at predators? They have two chambers internally, one contains hydroquinone the other contains hydrogen peroxide. When they feel threatened they open valves internally and allow the two chemicals to mix inside a third chamber called the vestibule. The vestibule itself contains enzymes that break down the peroxide to free oxygen and catalyze the reaction. Once the reaction mixes it rapidly creates enough heat to boil the water and pressurize the vestibule causing the exit valve to open spraying the boiling noxious mix outwards. The same pressure also forces closed the internal valves on the organs that store the reactive chemicals to prevent the beetle from exploding. Their weapon has been known to kill other insects. A single spray event is actually a series of high speed pulses with valves opening and closing and chemicals mixing and expelling about 70 times at speeds around 500 oscillations per second. There are over 500 species and they live all around the world. They're nocturnal hunters and they like to group up with other Bombardier beetles during to day to sleep.

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