Cracking Pol Science with Sir Iqbal

As per ICJ statute consent of parties to a legal dispute is necessary to give jurisdiction to ICJ to decide a case. Question is whether Pakistan gave her consent in the Kulbushon case to ICJ ?

What is optional clause in the UN charter ?

For students of international law
What is the difference between occupation and prescription as modes of acquiring territorial sovereignty ?

Ordinance from president of Pakistan is valid for 120 days if passed by Parliament it becomes an Act. Otherwise it become invalid after the lapse of 120 days.
Question is why some ordinances that were issued in the last hudood ordinance like NAB ordinance are still exist in our legal system as ordinances?

IR ,Political Science, CAffairs

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Notes for CSS PMS Political Science, Public Add,Constitutional Law by Muhmmad iqbal are available at this shop. The shop owner can dispatch through TCS ,Pakistan Post .

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Why we call indian held Kashmir as OCCUPIED KASHMIR ?
In International law there are 5 recognised modes of acquiring territorial sovereignty over a land. These modes are
✅✅✅1. Occupation
✅✅✅2. Annexation
✅✅✅3. Cession
✅✅✅4. Prescription
✅✅✅5. Accretion
Here I m explaining the 1st Two modes.
Occupation is possible when a territory is terra nullius. Means a territory that is not under the sovereignty of any state. Such situation is possible in two cases.
One when a territory is newely discovered. and
2nd when a territory was under the control of some state and later on it formally abandoned its sovereign power there.
2. Annexation of territory is possible under 2 ways
One when there is war and a territory is conquered and then annexed.
2nd when a territory annexed is formally under the subjugation /control of the annexing power but formal annexation is announced later on.
IN 1947 British Govt relinquished her sovereign power in British India but Princely States Status was left to the Rulers to decide. It means Sovereigns powers were not transfered to any one. So kashmir in pakistani perspective became terra nullius as Former British govt here formally relinquish her duties here and then Indian govt went kashmir and took control of it and declared her sovereignty over the territory. That why we call it Occupied Kashmir as in our opinion kashmir became terra nullius in 1947.
Remember India call this process as Annexation

AoA .Dear Aspirants. I am going to start Classes for POL Science for css pms in Peshawar soon on campus .