04/06/2023
HOW TO FAIL "NOT PASS" FCPS MEDICINE CLINICAL EXAMS DESPITE COMPLETE STUDY ???
Are you gearing up for the FCPS (Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons) Medicine Clinical Exam? In this informative video, we provide you with val...
04/06/2023
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_0jlVabe2o
HOW TO FAIL FCPS CLINICAL EXAMS???
HOW TO FAIL "NOT PASS" FCPS MEDICINE CLINICAL EXAMS DESPITE COMPLETE STUDY ???
Are you gearing up for the FCPS (Fellowship of College of Physicians and Surgeons) Medicine Clinical Exam? In this informative video, we provide you with val...
03/06/2023
*HYPERCALCAEMIA*
🔸 *Causes:*
❇️With normal or elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels-
• Primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism
• Lithium-induced hyperparathyroidism
• Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
❇️With low PTH levels-
• Malignancy (lung, breast, myeloma, renal, lymphoma, thyroid)
• Elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D intoxication, sarcoidosis, human
immunodeficiency virus, other granulomatous disease)
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Paget's disease with immobilisation
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Thiazide diuretics
🔸 *Clinical features:*
â—ŹNausea
â—Źvomiting
â—Źconstipation
â—ŹPolyuria, polydipsia, nocturia
â—ŹAlteration of mental status, confusion, coma
â—ŹHeadache
â—ŹDepression
â—ŹAbdominal pain
â—ŹRenal colic
🔸 *Past medical history:* Malignancy
🔸 *Drug history:* thiazides, tamoxifen
🔸Family history of hypercalcaemia raises the possibility of FHH or
MEN.
🔸 *Investigations:*
â—ŹS.calcium
â—ŹS.albumin to calculate total corrected calcium level
PTH level
â—ŹPlain Xray abdomen
â—ŹUSG of abdomen
â—ŹInvestigations of underlying cause, malignancy
🔸 *Treatment:*
â—ŹHydration
â—ŹBisphosphonates
â—ŹStop of offending drug
â—ŹTreatment of underlying cause.
31/05/2023
Evaluation of Cushings Syndrome