The knowledge house

06/03/2023

What is biological organization?
And what are its levels?

BIOLOGICAL Organization:
It is an organization system that scientists use
to organize living objects from the smallest
parts to the largest parts.It helps organize living objects and understand what the living
systems are made of.OR The bodies of living
organisms are made-up of different parts
(levels) which are organized in a specific manner that supports living functions( breathin
g,growth,digestion,reproduction etc).
There are 13 levels of biological organization
which are ;
↗Sub-atomic & Atomic level
↗Molecular level
↗Organelles level
↗Cellular level
↗Tissue level
↗Organ level
↗Organ system level
↗Organism(individual) level
↗Population level
↗Community level
↗Ecosystem level
↗Biosphere level

↗ SUB ATOMIC AND ATOMIC LEVEL↗ Matter➟Element➟Atoms➟Sub-atomic particle
s(electrons protons neutrons).

03/03/2023

What is biological problem?and what is biological method?

BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM:
Problem related to living organisms(plants, animals, insects,fungi) is called biological problem OR Problem that one organism produce for another living organism.
example: Dieases found in living organisms
(malaria,corona,hepatitus,measles,cholera)
BIOLOGICAL METHOD:
Method which is used to solve a biological problem.There are 7 steps involved in biological method.

STEPS OF BIOLOGICAL METHOD:
(1)Recognition of biological problem OR Questioning
(2)Observation
(3)Hypothesis
(4)Deduction
(5)Experiment
(6)Summarization of result
(7)Reporting of result

(1) RECOGNITION OF BIOLOGICAL PROBLEM
OR QUESTIONING

In this step a biologist study question related to living organism either ask by someone or come to a biologist mind.In this step a biologis
t must have some knowledge about the biologi
cal problem ,this is called recognition of a biological problem.‌
‌
(2) OBSERVATION:
The careful study of an object is called observation.The act of noticing something about a problem by using senses or instrument.OR What do you notice about a biological problem,this is called observation. OR The action or process of closely observing or monitoring a biological problem.Observation can be done through our five senses (hearing,
sight,smell,taste,touch).There are two types of observation ,qualitative and quantitative.
(a)Qualitative observation:
(b)Quantitative observation

↗QUALITATIVE ↗QUANTITATIVE
OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
∗uses senses(sig ∗uses instruments(rul
ht,smell,taste,touch, er,thermometer,balance
hearing)
*can't be measure. *can be measured.
*less precise & ac *more precise & ac
curate. curate.
*give us details about *give us details about quality such as shape, quantity such as age,
colour, taste,hotness, height,weight,length
coldness,hardness etc time,speed etc
*can't be recorded in *can be recorded in
the form of number. the form of number.


(3)HYPOTHESIS:
The tentative explaination of observation is call
ed hypothesis.(tentative means measurable
i.e undergo through experiment or may be false or true) OR Thestatment given by a biologist about biological problem which is based on observations is called hypothesis.Example:
" Plasmodium is the cause of malaria."
"Mosquitoes are involved in malaria."
Characteristics of hypothesis:
*be measurable
*be testable
*be clear
*be understandable
*be falsifiable
*be related to observation
*be general
*should never be in the form of question

(4) DEDUCTION:
Logical consequences of hypothesis.OR Expected result of hypothesis is called deducti
on.'IF' and 'Then' logic is used in it.Example
"IF plasmodium is the cause of malaria,Then all malarial'patients should have plasmodium
in their blood."
In deduction we give reasoning to hypothesis.
There are two types of reasoning.
(a)Deductive ‌ (b)Inductive
reasoning reasoning
general➤specific specific➤general
🌴🌷🌻➤🌵 🌵➤🌴🌷🌻
All plants perform "IF" Cacti are plants and
photosynthesis,"IF perform photosynthe
cacti are plants,"THEN" sis,"THEN"all plants
cacti also perform also perform photosynt
photosynthesis. hesis.

(5)EXPERIMENT:
It is the most important and basic step of biolo
gical method to solve a biological problem.
Control in experiment:
(a) control group (b) experimental group
(group of organisms (group of organisms wi
With normal or natural th changed/artificial/or
working conditions dur abnormal working con
ing experiment). ditions during experi
ment).

(6)SUMMARIZATION OF RESULT:
* Organizing data * Applying statistic on data

(7) REPORTING OF RESULT:
After performing investigation a biologist
should informs scientist communities by
publishing findings in journals,books,electronic media,workshop,maggazines etc

THEORY AND LAW:

THEORY:
A theory is a well supported hypothesis.If a
hypothesis is proved again and again by
different experimentation ,then it becomes
theory .Examples : cell theory, theory of evolution etc

LAW OR PRINCIPLE:
When a theory is continuously supported by experiments it becomes law or principles.OR
Irrefutable theory is called law .Examples
Mendal's law of inheritance
Hardy weinberg law etc.

01/03/2023

IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY (1)SOLVE OUR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
we learn biology to enable us to solve our various environmental problems like acid rain,global-warming,pollution deforestation,
food shortage soil erosion etc.

(2) OFFERS A WIDE RANGE OF CAREER or jobs ➥Field of medicine (doctor,pharmacist,dentist) ➥Agriculture زراعت (agriculturalist)
➥Apicultureپرورش زنبور عسل(apiculturalist)
➥Veterinary scienceطب حیوانی(veterinarians)
➥Horticulture باغبانی (horticulturalist)
➥Teaching معلمی (teachers)
➥Gardening باغبانی (gardeners)
➥Farming دهقانی‌ (farmers)
➥Forestry جنگلات (foresters)
➥Nursings پرستاری (nurses)
➥biotechnologyبیوتکنولوڙی (biotechnologist)
➥sericultureپرورش کرم ابریشم(sericulturalist)
➥poultry
➥animal husbandry

(3) PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC SKILLS
Biology provides scientific skills(i.e observation, hypothesis,experiments etc) through which a scientist can carry out careful investigation to solve environmental problems
accurately.

(4)CONTROL DIEASES
It is important subject for medical point of view
which includes identifying dieases and its cure
Nowadays biologists have made vaccines medicines, fungicides,herbicides,insecticides
through which fatal dieases are in control like tuberculosis, polio,malaria, cholera,small-pox etc.

(5) ROLE OF BIOLOGY IN FOOD SHORTAGE
Biology plays an important role in controlling the food shortage problem through various means. Here are some ways given
(a) Improving crop production
(b)Enhancing soil health
(c)Developing sustainable agriculture practices
(d) Improving food storage and preservation

(6) UNDERSTANDING OUR BODY FUNCTIONS
Biology helps us to understand how various organs and systems of our body works and how everything is connected in our body.

28/02/2023

➤Cardiology قلب شناسی (heart study)
➤Neurology عصاب شناسی (brain study)🧠
➤Nephrology گرده شناسی(kidney study)
➤Opthalmalogyچشم شناسی(eye study)👀
➤Haematolology خون شناسی(blood study)
➤Hepatalogyجگر شناسی(liver study)
➤Dermetalogy جلد شناسی(skin study)
➤Otology. گوش شناسی (ear study)👂
➤Rhinology. بینی شناسی ( nose study)👃
➤Odontologyدندان شناسی (teeth study)🦷
➤Osteologyاستخوان شناسی( bones study) ➤pulmonology شش شناسی (lungs study)
➤Stomatalogyمعده شناسی (stomach study)
➤Trichologyموی شناسی (hairs study)
➤Myologyعضلات شناسی (muscles study)💪
➤Ornithologyپرنده شناسی (birds study)🦅
➤Mammalogyپستاندارشناسی(mammal study)🐑
➤bacteriologyباکتریا شناسی (bacteria study)
➤Virologyویروس شناسی (viruses study)
➤Parasitologyپارازیت شناسی(parasites study)
➤Herpetologyخزندهگان شناسی(reptiles study)🐊
➤Ichthyologyماهیان شناسی (fish study)🐟
➤Entomologyحشرات شناسی (insect study)🦋🦟
➤Serpentologyمار شناسی (snakes study)🐍
➤Mycologyفنجی شناسی (fungi study)🍄
➤Phycologyالجی شناسی (algae study)
➤Protozoologyپروتوزواشناسیprotozoans study
➤Paleontologyفوسیل شناسی(fossils study)
➤Paleobotanyنباتی فوسیل(plant fossils study)
➤Paleozoologyحیوان فوسیلanimal fossil study
➤Ecologyمحیط شناسی(environment study)🏝
➤Angiologyرگهای شناسیblood vessels study
➤Nematologyنیماتود شناسیnematodes study
➤Embryologyجنین شناسی (embryo study)🤰
➤Acarologyکنه شناسی (mites,ticks study)
➤Arachnologyعنکبوت شناسی (spider study)
➤Cetologyنهنگ ودولفین شناسی(whales,dolphins)
➤Conchologyصدف شناسی نرم تنان(mollusk shell)

27/02/2023

What is biology?
The word biology is the combination of two Greek words i.e bio and logos ,bio means life or living things and logos means study or knowledge , so the study of life or living things is called biology

(living things mean things which can move,feed ,grow breath, excrete,reproduce and show sensitivity )

Main branches of biology
There are three main branches of biology which are as follow;
(a) Botany (b) Zoology (c) Microbiology

Botany ; Also called phytology The word botany is derived from a Greek word botane which means plants so the study of plants is called botany (botanist...the person who study botany )

Zoology ; The word zoology is the combination of two Greek words i.e zoo and logos zoo means animals and logos means study so the study of animals is called zoology (Zoologist ...the person who study zoology )

Microbiology ;The word microbiology is the combination of three Greek words i.e micro which means tiny bio which mean life or living things and logos which means study so the study of microorganisms is called microbiology
(Microbiologist....the person who study microorganisms)

(microorganisms ...Organisms which can be seen through microscope like bacteria , viruses , protozoans, fungi etc)

27/02/2023

What is science?
(The word science is derived from a Latin word Scientia which means knowledge) What type of knowledge?

The knowledge which is obtained through observations and experimentations is called science.
What is the importance of science ?
science helps us to understand the world around us ,solve problems and to train our mind to think logically and systematically.
Every thing in our lives is closely linked to science .The food we eat , the medicines we take ,the clothes we wear ,the transport we use , the energy we use and the communications we make are all the results of hardwork and the knowledge of science.

Branches of science
There are two main branches of science;
(1) natural science and (2) social science

In natural science we study nature(things around us i.e living and non living things) .In social science we study society and social interrelationship of human within the society.

Natural science is further divided into two sub branches (a) Physical science and (b) Biological science
Physical science is the study of non living things and biological science is the study of living things

Subjects which are included in physical science are; chemistry physics astronomy etc
subjects which are included in biological science are; biology and paleontology
Subjects which are included in social science are ; political science , civics ,law, history, linguistics,economics etc.

Thank you

27/02/2023

SUB BRANCHES OF BIOLOGYشاخهای فرعی
There are many sub branches of biology which are as follow;
(a) MORPHOLOGY:مورفولوڙی (two Gk Morph; form, shape or structure and logy; study) The study of form shape or structure of an organism is called morphology Morphology is further divided into two sub branches i.e external morphology and internal morphology ,In external morphology we study external structure of an organism and In internal morphology we study internal structure of an organism .It is also called Anatomy

(b) CYTOLOGY:حجره شناسی ‌ (two Gk cyto; cell and logy;study ) ‌ The study of cell and its organelles(tiny organ) inside the cell like mitochondria golgi bodies endoplasmic reticulum etc)

(c)HISTOLOGY:انساج شناسی (two Gk histo; tissue and logy; study) The study of tissues of plants and animals under a microscope . (tissue; a group of cells having similar structure and function )

(d) PHYSIOLOGY:فزیولوڙی ‌ (two Gk physis; function logy; study ) The study of function of different parts of an organism.

(e) GENETICS:وراثت شناسی (Gk genesis; origin)The study of genes,heredity
and variations ,among organisms or The study of genes and their role in inheritance is called genetics.(Inheritance means the transfer of characters from parents to offsprings)

(f) TAXONOMY:طبقه بندی شناسی (Gk taxis; arrangment nomos; laws)The study of giving name to different organisms and classfying them into groups and sub groups is called taxonomy.

(g)BIOCHEMISTRYباٸیو کیمستری (Bio; life and chemitry)The study of chemical reactions that occur(photosynthesis,respiratio
n ,digestion Protein synthesis etc) within the bodies of living organisms is called biochem
istry or simply the chemistry of life or living things is called biochemistry.OR The use of chemistry in the study of living things.

(h)BIOTECHNOLOGY:باٸیوتیکنالوڙی ‌ ( bio; life techniques; process and logy; study) The study of practical use of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind.(e.g the use of silk worm for the formation of silk, the use of bee for the formation of honey , the use of bacteria for the formation of insulin.)

27/02/2023

What is biology?(علم حیات) (زیست شناسی)
The word biology is the combination of two Greek words i.e BIO and LOGOS ,bio means life or living things and logos means study or knowledge , so the study of life or living things is called biology

(living things mean things which can move,feed ,grow breath, excrete,reproduce and show sensitivity )

Main branches of biology
There are three main branches of biology which are as follow;
(a) Botany (b) Zoology (c) Microbiology

BOTANY ;(علم نباتات) Also called phytology.The word botany is derived from a Greek word botane which means plants so the study of plants is called botany (botanist...the person who study botany ) OR The scientific study physiology,.
Structure, genetics,ecology, distribution,
Classification and economic importance of plants is called botany. 💐🌹🥀🌺🌼🍂🌻🍄🌷🪷🌸🌳🌴🌵🪴🌲🪹🌿🏵️💮🌸☘️🍀🪷

ZOOLOGY ;(علم حیوانات). The word zoology is the combination of two Greek words i.e zoo and logos zoo means animals and logos means study so the study of animals is called zoology (Zoologist ...the person who study zoology is called zoologist). OR. The scientific study of physiology,structure genetics,ecology,distribution,classification and economic importance of animals is called zoology.🐷🦖🦕🦓🐊🐍🐸🐲🦎🐉🐴🐀🐁🐇🐄🐎🐖🐕‍🦺🐕🐩🐈‍⬛🐂🦬🐏🐏🐑🐐🦥🦥🦘🦣🦏🦛🦒🐆🐅🐒🦍🐪🐫🐿️🦫🦫🦨🦡🦡🦡🦔🦦🐦🐣🐤🐤🐥🦚

MICROBIOLOGY ;(علم جراسیم) (علم میکروب ها) The word microbiology is the combination of three Greek words i.e micro which means tiny bio which mean life or living things and logos which means study so the study of microorganisms is called microbiology (Microbiologist....the person who study microorganisms)🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠🦠

(microorganisms ...Organisms which can be seen through microscope like bacteria , viruses , protozoans, fungi etc)

its about biology from class 9 up to 12

26/02/2023

What is science?
(The word science is derived from a Latin word Scientia which means knowledge) What type of knowledge?

The knowledge which is obtained through observations and experimentations is called science.
What is the importance of science ?
science helps us to understand the world around us ,solve problems and to train our mind to think logically and systematically.
Every thing in our lives is closely linked to science .The food we eat , the medicines we take ,the clothes we wear ,the transport we use , the energy we use and the communications we make are all the results of hardwork and the knowledge of science.

Branches of science
There are two main branches of science;
(1) NATURAL SCIENCE علوم طبیعی
(2) SOCIAL SCIENCE علوم اجتماعی

In natural science we study nature(things around us i.e living and non living things) .In social science we study society and social interrelationship of human within the society.

Natural science is further divided into two sub branches i.e
(a)PHYSICAL SCIENCE علوم فزیکی
(b)BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE علوم حیا تی
Physical science is the study of non living things and biological science is the study of living things

SUBJECTS which are included in physical science are; chemistry physics astronomy etc
subjects which are included in biological science are; biology and paleontology
SUBJECTS which are included in social science are ; political science(علوم سیاسی) , civics(شهریت) ,law(قانون)history(تاریخ) linguistics(زبان شناسی)economics(اقتصاد) etc.

Thank you

its about biology from class 9 up to 12